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TECNICOS CIENTIFICOS S£ivrv4 LITERARIOS AGENCIA'EXPOENTE 1 SPAULO - R.SILV.MARTINS.53 TFL.33-2744 E 32-9797-CX.P03T.5S14 Instituto Oceanografico BIBLIOTECA CATALOGUE OF THE FISHES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY ALBERT GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., PH.D., F.Z.S., ETC., ETC. VOLUME SIXTH. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1866. CATALOGUE OF THF, PHYSOSTOMI, CONTAINING THE FAMILIES SALMONID^E, PERCOPSID^E, GALAXID.E. MORMYRID^-E, GYMNARCHID^E, ESOCID^E, UMBRID^E, SCOMBRESOCIDyE, CYPRINODONTID^E, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY DR. ALBERT GUNTHER. Instituto Oceanogr&fico REG N. .-3.2JE S. PATTT.O %o.S- S3. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1866. PBEFACE. DK. GUNTHEB observes,—" This volume contains the continuation of the families of Physostomi. At the commencement of my account of this order it was my intention to adopt it with the limits assigned to it by Muller, and to distinguish the Scombresoces as a distinct order, viz. Malacopterygii pliaryngognathi; however, during the progress of a detailed examination of these fishes so many points of affinity with the Cyprinodontes became apparent, that I was reluctantly obliged to deviate still more from Muller's ordinal division. " The Salmonidae and the vast literature on this family offer so many and so great difficulties to the Ichthyologist, that as much patience and time are required for the investigation of a single species as in other fishes for that of a whole family. The ordinary method followed by naturalists in distinguishing and determining species, is here utterly inadequate; and I do not hesitate to assert that no one, however experienced in the study of other families of fishes, will be able to find his way through this labyrinth of varia tions without long preliminary study, and without a good collection for constant comparison. Sometimes forms are met with so pecu liarly and so constantly characterized, that no ichthyologist who has seen them will deny them specific rank; but in numerous other cases one is much tempted to ask whether we have not to deal with a family which, being one of the most recent creation*, is composed of forms not yet specifically differentiated. - " The small family Umbridce proves to be one of great interest. Represented by two species, one in Central Europe, and the other in North America, the close affinity of which is here recognized for the first time, it forms one of the most striking instances against the theory of the geographical continuity of identical forms. * No fossil true Salmo is known at present; the nearest fossil approacliing to it is a Mallotus. VI PEEFACE. " The Cyprinodontidce required a through reexamination and re arrangement. Their division into carnivorous and limnophagous species will be found to be very natural. " The number of species treated of in this volume amounts to 548, a few of which are mentioned by name only. Cuvier & Valenciennes described 270 species in the corresponding parts of the ' Histoire Naturelle des Poissons.' " Numerous and valuable additions to the National Collection have been received since the publication of the last volume; and I feel the more pleasure in referring to them, as a great part have been given to assist in the completion of the present volume:— " 1. Pine examples of British Salmonidae have been presented by His Grace the Duke of Roxburgh, His Grace the Duke of Argyle, the Earl of Enniskillen, the Rev. Chancellor Augustus Morgan, Lord Lovat, Capt. J. B. Dunbar, the Right Hon. Earl Cowper, Lord Ports mouth, W.Peel, Esq., of Taliaris, S.P.W.Ellis, Esq., F.Godman, Esq., F.Z.S., G. Smith, Esq., J. Gould, Esq., F.R.S., J.H.Gurney, Esq., T. Chamberlayne, Esq., R. Franklin, Esq., the late Sir J. Richardson, A. Smee, Esq., F.R.S., Major Scott, of Knaith .Hall, J. H. Phillips, Esq., W. B. Tegetmeier, Esq., W. F. Ffennell, Esq., F. Allies, Esq. The kind assistance of these gentlemen and of Sir Philip de M. G. Egerton, Bart., M.P., has enabled me to bring together a very fine series of British Salmonoids, perhaps the most complete collection ever made available for zoological purposes. " 2. A Collection of Danish Salmonoids, presented by the Royal Museum of Copenhagen. " 3. A Collection of the Salmonoids of the Lake of Constance, pre sented by Prof. W. von Rapp, of Tubingen. " 4. A Collection of Norwegian Salmones, presented by Prof. N. St. Maskelyne. " 5. Specimens of Iceland Char, presented by G. G. Fowler, Esq., of Gunton Hall. " 6. Specimens of Trout from the Atlas, presented by Dr. Schimper, of Strasburg. " 7. Specimens of Dalmatian Trout, presented by G. Lenox Co- nyngham, Esq. " 8. Specimens of the Great Lake-Trout of Geneva, presented by M. G. Lunel, of the Geneva Museum. PREFACE. vii " 9. A large Collection of the Freshwater Fishes of Sweden and Lapland, made by the late Mr. Wheelwright. " 10. Several large Collections of the Fishes of Zanzibar, made and presented by Lieut.-Col. Playfair, H.M. Consul at Zanzibar. " 11. The typical specimens of Scombresoces described by Dr. P. Bleeker. " 12. Further Collections of Marine and Freshwater Fishes from Australia, sent by G. Krefft, Esq. "13. A large Collection of Marine and Freshwater Fishes from Trinidad, purchased of Mr. Cutter. " 14. Numerous examples of Cyprinodonts from Trinidad, pre sented by R. J. L. Guppy, Esq. " 15. A further Collection of Marine and Freshwater Fishes from the Pacific coast of Panama, presented by Capt. Dow, Corr. M. Zool. Soc. " 16. A Collection of the Fishes of the Island of Formosa, made by R. Swiahoe, Esq., F.Z.S. "17. A further Collection of West African Freshwater Fishes, purchased of Mr. Dalton. "18. A Collection of Marine Fishes from the Cape de Verde Islands, made and presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. "19. A Collection of Marine and Freshwater Fishes made at Nice by Dr. Deakin." JOHN EDWARD GRAY. British Museum, Dec. 1,1865. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Order IV. PHYSOSTOMI Page (continued). VHI. Great Britain and Ireland. 17. brachypoma, Gthr. .... 87 Fam. 7. SALMONIDJS. 18. gallivensis, Gthr. 88 First Group. SALMONINA. 19. orcadensis, Gthr 91 Page 20. ferox, Jard. et Selb 92 1. Sabno, Artedi 2 21. stomachicus, Gthr. 95 Introductory remarks (p. 3). 22. nigripmnis, Gthr. 96 First subgeneric Group. 23. levenensis, Walk 101 SALMONES. IX. Scandinavian Peninsula and A. Species with a wide geographical Finland (p. 104). range. 24. mistops, Gthr 105 1. salar,Z 11,356 25. hardinii' Gthr 107 2. trutta, Flem 22 26. venernensis, Gthr. 110 3. cambricus, Donov 34 27. polyosteus, Gthr. Ill Hybrid between S. cam X. Russia and Tartary (p. 112). bricus and S. fario 47 28. pallasii, Gthr 112 4. fario, L. 59 29. Iabrax, Pall. 113 a. gaimardi 60 30. autumnalis, Pall. 113 6. ausonii 64 31. spectabilis, C.etV. 114 B. Species with a limited geographi32. lepechini, L., Gm 114 cal range. XI. Lake Goukcha (p. 114). I. Algeria. XDI. Hindoo Koosh (p. US). 5. macrostigma, Dwn 76 XIII. Northern Asia and North H. Pyrenean Peninsula (p. 77). western America (p. 115). HI. Asia Minor (p. 77). 33. purpuratus, Pall. 116 TV. Italy, and rivers falling into masoni, Suckl. 117 the Adriatic. 34. stellatus, Girard 117 6. dentex, Heck 78 35. penshinensis, Pall. 117 7. genivittatus, Heck 78 36. tsuppitch, Rich 118 8. obtusirostris, Heck 79 37. gairdnerii, Rich 118 V. The Alpine Region of Cen 38. aurora, Girard 119 tral Europe (p. 79). 39. gibbsii, Suckley 119 9. carpio, Heck 80 40. lrideus, Gibbons 119 10. lemanus, Cuv 81 41. kennerlyi, Suckley 120 11. rappii, Gthr 82 42. warreni, Suckley 120 12. lacustris, L. 83 43. brevicauda, Suckley .... 120 13. marsilii, Heck 84 44. bairdii, Suckley 121 VI. Hungary. 45. parkii, Suckley 121 14. microlepis, Gthr 85 46. richardi, Suckley 121 VH. France. 47. truncatus, Suckley 122 15. argenteus, C.dV. 86 XIV. Japan (p. 122). 16. baillonii, C.etV. 87 XV. Rivers of the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. 48. lewisii, Girard \±> X SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page Page 49. virginalis, Girard 123 4. quinnat, Rich 158 50. namaycush, Penn 123 5. scouleri, Rich 158 51. siscowet, Agass 124 6. orientalis, Pall. 159 symmetrica, Prescott. ... 124 7. sanguinolentus, Pall. .... 160 XVI. Greenland and Labrador 8. lagocephalus, Pall. -. 161 (p. 124). Subatka of Pallas 162 52. immaculatus, Storer .... 125 canis, Suckley 162 Second subgeneric Group. gibber, Suckley 162 SALVELINI. confluentus, Suckley .... 162 I. Europe. cooperi, Suckley 162 1. umbla, L 125 3. Brachymystax, Gthr 162 2. salvelinus, L 126 1. coregonoides, Pall. 163 3. alpinus, L 127 4. Luciotrutta, Gthr 164 4. nivalis, Gthr. 130 1. niaclcenzii, Rich 164 5. killinensis, Gthr 130 2. leucichthys, Giildend. .. 164 6. willughbii, Gthr 131 5. Plecoglossus, Schleg 165 7. perisii, Gthr 133 1. altivelis, Schleg 165 8. rutilus, Nilss 135 6. Osmerus, Cuv 166 9. carbonarius, Strom .... 136 1. eperlanus, L 166 10. grayi, Gthr 136 2. viridescens, Les 167 11. colii, Gthr 138 3. thaleichthys, Ayres .. 168 12. hucho, L 140 7. Thaleichthys, Girard ' 168 13. lossos, Gthr 140 1. pacificus, Rich 168 II. Asia. 8. Hypomesus, Gill 169 14. fluviatilis, Pall. 141 1. olidus, Pall. 169 15. erythrinus, Georg 142 chinensis, Basil. 170 16. callaris, Pall 143 9. Mallotus, Cuv 170 17. leucomsenis, Pall. 145 1. villosus, Mull. 170 18. curilus, Pall. 146 10. Retropinna, Gill 171 19. laevigatas, Pall. 147 1. richardsonii, Gill . 171, 357 tapdisma, C.etV. 147 11. Coregonus, Artedi 172 arabatsch, C.etV. 147 1. oxyrhynchus, L 173 nummifer, C.etV. 147 2. lloydii, Gthr 174 melampterus, C. et V. 147 3. microstomus, Pall. 175 erythrorhynchus, C. et V. 147 4. quadrilaterals, Rich 176 IH.