DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cultural Property Laws of Japan: Social, Political, and Legal Influences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cultural Property Laws of Japan: Social, Political, and Legal Influences Washington International Law Journal Volume 12 Number 2 3-1-2003 The Cultural Property Laws of Japan: Social, Political, and Legal Influences Geoffrey R. Scott Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Cultural Heritage Law Commons Recommended Citation Geoffrey R. Scott, The Cultural Property Laws of Japan: Social, Political, and Legal Influences, 12 Pac. Rim L & Pol'y J. 315 (2003). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol12/iss2/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright 0 2003 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association THE CULTURAL PROPERTY LAWS OF JAPAN: SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND LEGAL INFLUENCES Geoffrey R. Scott t Abstract: Japan's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties has been heralded as one of the most sophisticated and complete statutes of its kind and has been viewed as a model for other countries considering means to protect their ethnographic and cultural treasures. This Article examines the social, cultural, political, and legal influences antecedent to the promulgation of the statute and discusses the complexities inherent in composing legislation of this sort. The specific Japanese legislative and administrative efforts undertaken to protect national treasures prior to promulgation of the statute, and the political environment contemporaneous with its passage, are compiled, analyzed, and provided to the western audience. Perhaps of greater significance, however, the influence of the West, and particularly the United States and its citizens, upon the Japanese efforts to protect cultural property is examined through the use of archival U.S. Government documents of the Arts and Monuments Division of the Supreme Commander Allied Powers composed during the occupation of Japan. Finally, from a pragmatic perspective, this Article analyzes and explains the legal reasons why it is currently difficult for Japan to join in the international efforts of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ("UNESCO") and International Institute for the Unification of Private Laws ("UNIDROIT") in the global protection of cultural treasures, the strong domestic protection of such properties notwithstanding. I. IN TR OD U CT ION .............................................................................................................................. 3 16 II. THE CULTURAL, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL MILIEU OF JAPAN THROUGH 1945 AND ITS EFFECT UPON THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY-A MOVE FROM INSULARITY TOWARD W ESTERNIZATION AND NATIONALISM ........................................................................................... 319 A. The Early Threat to Power and Autonomy and Japan's Chosen Response of Insularity.............. 319 B . The D oor B egins to Open .............................................................................................................. 323 C . Th e Me ii P eriod ........................................................................................................................... 3 2 7 1. The Effect on the Legal Tradition ........................................................................................ 327 2. The Revolution of Westernization in Art and Culture .......................................................... 331 a. The D ecline of Indigenous A rt .................................................................................. 331 b. The R ise of Western Infl uence................................................................................... 334 D. A Growing Trend of Nationalism and The Leadership ofFenollosa and Okakura ...................... 335 1. Fenollosa Enters Upon the Scene ........................................... 335 2. Okakura F ollows .................................................................................................................. 338 3. Fenollosa and Okakura Collaborate................................................................................... 340 4. The Movement After Fenollosa and Okakura ...................................................................... 344 Ill. LEGISLATIVE ANTECEDENTS TO JAPAN'S LAW FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY ..346 Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. The author would like to express his appreciation to Sawaka Nagano, Esquire, Tokyo, Japan and Christine Guth, Art Historian, University of Pennsylvania for their assistance during the early stages of this project. The author also thanks Karen E. Maull, Esquire, Philadelphia for her insight and support. Finally, the author would like to acknowledge all the legal historians-referenced or not-who have contributed to the understanding of this topic. He is truly indebted to all those professional historians who preceded him and who have pioneered the historical factual research. PACIFIC RIM LAW & POLICY JOURNAL VOL. 12 No. 2 IV. THE PERIOD OF OCCUPATION-ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CULTURAL PROPERTY PROTECTION A C T O F 1950 .................................................................................................................................. 352 A. The A &M Branch and Its Personnel ......................................................................................... 354 B. The Medium ofInfluence ofSCAP and A&M ........................................................................... 358 C. The Business ofArts and M onum ents .......................................................................................... 363 D. The Factors Calling for a New Japanese Commitment to Protect Cultural Property .................. 364 I. Taxation, Black-Market Sale and Other Transfer and Exportation Issues .......................... 365 a. The Property and Sales Taxes ................................................................................ 365 b . Th e Estate Tax ................................................................................................................ 369 c. Sale to Purchase Necessities .......................................................................................... 369 d. Theft and Vandalism ....................................................................................................... 3 70 e. Vagrancy and F ire .......................................................................................................... 3 72 f Use by A llies ................................................................................................................... 3 74 g. The Attitudes of the Population and Government to Art and Cultural Property ............ 375 V. THE 1950 LAW FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES AND SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF THE ARTS AND MONUMENTS BRANCH OF SCAP ...................................................................... 379 V I. C ON C LUSIO N ................................................................................................................................. 387 APPENDIX I: COMPILATION OF VARIOUS CULTURAL PROPERTY PROTECTION LA W S O F JAPA N ........................................................................................................................ 389 I. G ENERAL GOVERNM ENTAL LAW S ................................................................................................. 389 II. LAWS REGARDING PRESERVATION OF NATURAL TREASURES ....................................................... 389 III. LAWS REGARDING PRESERVATION OF REGISTERED IMPORTANT ART OBJECTS ............................ 390 IV. LAWS REGARDING PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC SITES, SCENIC SPOTS AND NATURAL HISTORY P R ESER V ES ....................................................................................................................................39 0 V. MISCELLANEOUS LAWS REFERRING TO PRESERVATION ................................................................ 392 APPENDIX II: LAW FOR PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC SITES, SCENIC SPOTS AND NATURAL HISTORY PRESERVES, LAW NO. 44 (1919) ............................................. 394 APPENDIX III: THE NATIONAL TREASURES PRESERVATION LAW OF 1929 ........................... 396 APPENDIX IV: LAW FOR PRESERVATION OF IMPORTANT ART OBJECTS, LA W N O . 43 (1933) ............................................................................................................ 401 I. INTRODUCTION Japan's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties has often been heralded as one of the most sophisticated and complete attempts of its kind. Initially promulgated on May 30, 1950, it became effective on August 29, 1950.' Although amended in limited part, it retains its original and essential Bunkazai Hogo-hO [Law For The Protection of Cultural Properties], Cultural Affairs Protection Department, Agency for Cultural Affairs, (1950) (Japan) (most recent English translation published Oct. 1996). For a brief overview of the Law, see also BARBARA E. THORNBURY, THE FOLK PERFORMING ARTS: TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN 55 (1997), which provides: Since the passage of the Cultural Properties Protection Law (Bunkazai Hogo-h6) in 1950, the word "cultural property" (bunkazai) has come to be frequently encountered in a range of places and circumstances: at historical sites, in museums, in the pages of programs MARCH
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mariko Mori and the Globalization of Japanese “Cute”Culture
    《藝術學研究》 2015 年 6 月，第十六期，頁 131-168 Mariko Mori and the Globalization of Japanese “Cute” Culture: Art and Pop Culture in the 1990s SooJin Lee Abstract This essay offers a cultural-historical exploration of the significance of the Japanese artist Mariko Mori (b. 1967) and her emergence as an international art star in the 1990s. After her New York gallery debut show in 1995, in which she exhibited what would later become known as her Made in Japan series— billboard-sized color photographs of herself striking poses in various “cute,” video-game avatar-like futuristic costumes—Mori quickly rose to stardom and became the poster child for a globalizing Japan at the end of the twentieth century. I argue that her Made in Japan series was created (in Japan) and received (in the Western-dominated art world) at a very specific moment in history, when contemporary Japanese art and popular culture had just begun to rise to international attention as emblematic and constitutive of Japan’s soft power. While most of the major writings on the series were published in the late 1990s, problematically the Western part of this criticism reveals a nascent and quite uneven understanding of the contemporary Japanese cultural references that Mori was making and using. I will examine this reception, and offer a counter-interpretation, analyzing the relationship between Mori’s Made in Japan photographs and Japanese pop culture, particularly by discussing the Japanese mass cultural aesthetic of kawaii (“cute”) in Mori’s art and persona. In so doing, I proffer an analogy between Mori and popular Japanimation characters, SooJin Lee received her PhD in Art History from the University of Illinois-Chicago and was a lecturer at the School of Art Institute of Chicago.
    [Show full text]
  • Washoku Guidebook(PDF : 3629KB)
    和 食 Traditional Dietary Cultures of the Japanese Itadaki-masu WASHOKU - cultures that should be preserved What exactly is WASHOKU? Maybe even Japanese people haven’t thought seriously about it very much. Typical washoku at home is usually comprised of cooked rice, miso soup, some main and side dishes and pickles. A set menu of grilled fish at a downtown diner is also a type of washoku. Recipes using cooked rice as the main ingredient such as curry and rice or sushi should also be considered as a type of washoku. Of course, washoku includes some noodle and mochi dishes. The world of traditional washoku is extensive. In the first place, the term WASHOKU does not refer solely to a dish or a cuisine. For instance, let’s take a look at osechi- ryori, a set of traditional dishes for New Year. The dishes are prepared to celebrate the coming of the new year, and with a wish to be able to spend the coming year soundly and happily. In other words, the religion and the mindset of Japanese people are expressed in osechi-ryori, otoso (rice wine for New Year) and ozohni (soup with mochi), as well as the ambience of the people sitting around the table with these dishes. Food culture has been developed with the background of the natural environment surrounding people and culture that is unique to the country or the region. The Japanese archipelago runs widely north and south, surrounded by sea. 75% of the national land is mountainous areas. Under the monsoonal climate, the four seasons show distinct differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Woodblock Prints at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston Hokusai Exhibit 2015 Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Clan Rules 1615- 1850
    From the Streets to the Galleries: Japanese Woodblock Prints at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston Hokusai Exhibit 2015 Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Clan Rules 1615- 1850 Kabuki theater Utamaro: Moon at Shinagawa (detail), 1788–1790 Brothel City Fashions UTAGAWA KUNIYOSHI, TAKEOUT SUSHI SUGGESTING ATAKA, ABOUT 1844 A Young Man Dallying with a Courtesan about 1680 attributed to Hishikawa Moronobu Book of Prints – Pinnacle of traditional woodblock print making Driving Rain at Shono, Station 46, from the Fifty-three Stations of the Tokkaido Road, 1833, Ando Hiroshige Actor Kawarazaki Gonjuro I as Danshichi 1860, Artist: Kunisada The In Demand Type from the series Thirty Two Physiognomic Types in the Modern World Artist: Utagawa Kunisada 1820s The Mansion of the Plates, From the Series One Hundred Ghost Stories, about 1831, Artist Katsushika Hokusai Taira no Tadanori, from the Series Warriors as Six Poetic Immortals Artist Yashima Gakutei, About 1827, Surimono Meiji Restoration. Forecast for the Year 1890, 1883, Ogata Gekko Young Ladies Looking at Japanese objects, 1869 by James Tissot La Japonaise (Camille Monet in Japanese costume) Claude Monet, 1876 The Fish, Stained glass Window, 1890, John La Farge Academics and Adventurers: Edward S. Morse, Okakura Kakuzo, Ernest Fenollosa, William Sturgis Bigelow New Age Japanese woman, About 1930s Edward Sylvester Morse Whaleback Shell Midden in Damariscotta, Maine Brachiopod Shell Brachiopod worm William Sturgis Bigelow Ernest Fenollosa Okakura Kakuzo Charles T. Spaulding https://www.mfa.org/collections /asia/tour/spaulding-collection Stepping Stones in the Afternoon, Hiratsuka Un’ichi, 1960 Azechi Umetaro, 1954 Reike Iwami, Morning Waves. 1978 Museum of Fine Arts Toulouse Lautrec and the Stars of Paris April 7-August 4 Uniqlo t-shirt.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Heritage Education in UNESCO Cultural Conventions
    sustainability Article Cultural Heritage Education in UNESCO Cultural Conventions Alicja Jagielska-Burduk * , Mateusz Pszczy ´nskiand Piotr Stec Institute of Law, University of Opole, 45-060 Opole, Poland; [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (P.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of the article is to analyse UNESCO conventions dealing with culture and assess the visibility and importance of cultural heritage education in these conventions and their implemen- tation. First, it briefly presents the role of UNESCO in the area of culture and education, together with the UN Agenda 2030 and the challenges faced currently. Next, it discusses the existing UNESCO cultural conventions and their educational dimension with reference to the conventions’ provisions and aims. Each convention refers to education in the activities undertaken by States Parties, provid- ing various tools and measures tailored to the scope of the convention. The article concludes that despite a lack of synergy and creation of education-related programs in convention-related siloes, UNESCO has managed to create a uniform and evolving system of educational measures aimed at various stakeholders and focus on various levels of awareness. Cultural heritage education is an imminent part of activities undertaken within States’ obligations and should involve various stakeholders, building networks and existing in synergy with other actions or campaigns based on different conventions. Citation: Jagielska-Burduk, A.; Pszczy´nski,M.; Stec, P. Cultural Heritage Education in UNESCO Keywords: cultural heritage; UNESCO; cultural conventions; education; awareness raising Cultural Conventions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3548. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su13063548 1. Introduction Academic Editors: Cosme UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is Jesús Gómez-Carrasco, an international organization with 193 Member States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legal Protection of Cultural Heritage in International Law and Its Implementation in Dutch Law
    Design by Catharina Veder The legal protection of cultural heritage in international law And its implementation in Dutch Law Lucky Belder The legal protection of cultural heritage in international law And its implementation in Dutch Law De juridische bescherming van cultureel erfgoed in internationaal recht en de implementatie in Nederlands recht (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands). Proefschrift Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 27 september 2013 des middags te 2.30 uur. door Lucretia Philippine Christine Belder geboren op 9 juli 1959 te ‘s Gravenhage Promotoren Prof. dr. M. de Cock Buning Prof. dr. H.E.G.S. Schneider Leescommissie Prof. T.J.C.A. van Engelen Prof. E.H. Hondius Prof. C. Flinterman Prof. I.C. van der Vlies Prof. S.A. de Vries Table of Contents 07 Preface 14 I. Introduction 16 1.1. Introduction 17 1.2. The background of the research project: the networked society 19 1.3. The research task and its delineation 25 1.4. Methodology 28 1.5. Terminology 29 II. Developments in thinking on the protection of cultural heritage 32 2.1. Introduction 33 2.2.1. Approaches to culture and cultural heritage 35 2.2.2. Essentialist approach 35 2.2.3.1. Instrumental approach, introduction 38 2.2.3.2. Cultural heritage as a resource of economic value 38 2.2.3.3. Cultural heritage as instrumental in the construction of identity and social cohesion 39 2.2.4.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 UCL INSTITUTE of ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL0199: Heritage Ethics and Archaeological Practice in the Middle East and Mediterranean 2019
    UCL INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL0199: Heritage Ethics and Archaeological Practice in the Middle East and Mediterranean 2019–20 MA Module (15 credits) Turnitin Class ID: 3885721 Turnitin Password IoA1819 Deadlines for coursework for this module: Essay 1: Monday 17th February (returned by 2 March) Essay 2: Friday 3 April (returned by 1 May) Co-ordinator: Corisande Fenwick/ Alice Stevenson Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Tel: 0207-679-4746 Room 502 Office hours: Corisande Fenwick (Fri 11:30am—1:30pm) Alice Stevenson (Wed 10am-12pm). Please see the last page of this document for important information about submission and marking procedures, or links to the relevant webpages. 1 1. OVERVIEW This module provides a comparative overview of key debates, as well as the frameworks of practice, policy and ethical issues in cultural heritage as they are played out in the Middle East and Mediterranean today. Key themes include the history of archaeology in the region, museum practice, archaeology in conflict zones, disaster recovery, illicit trade in antiquities, UNESCO politics, legislation, fieldwork ethics, site management, stakeholders and audience. Throughout the emphasis is on comparative, critical analysis of contemporary practices in heritage, grounded in real-world case-studies from the region. Week-by-week summary (SG = Seminar Group) Date Topic 2-3pm 3-4pm 4-5pm 1 16 Jan Introduction: Archaeology and the Lecture Scramble for the Past 2 23 Jan Who owns the past? From national to Lecture SG 1 SG 2 universal heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Collecting Karamono Kodō 唐物古銅 in Meiji Japan: Archaistic Chinese Bronzes in the Chiossone Museum, Genoa, Italy
    Transcultural Perspectives 4/2020 - 1 Gonatella Failla "ollecting karamono kod( 唐物古銅 in Mei3i Japan: Archaistic Chinese 4ronzes in the Chiossone Museum, Genoa, Ital* Introduction public in the special e>hibition 7ood for the The Museum of Oriental Art, enoa, holds the Ancestors, 7lo#ers for the ods: Transformations of !apanese and Chinese art collections #hich Edoardo Archaistic 4ronzes in China and !apan01 The e>hibits Chiossone % enoa 1833-T()*( 1898) -athered during #ere organised in 5ve main cate-ories: archaistic his t#enty-three-year sta* in !apan, from !anuary copies and imitations of archaic ritual 2ronzes; 1875 until his death in April 1898. A distinguished 4uddhist ritual altar sets in archaistic styleC )aramono professor of design and engraving techniques, )od( hanaike, i.e0 Chinese @o#er 2ronzes collected in Chiossone #as hired 2* the Meiji -overnment to !apan; Chinese 2ronzes for the scholar’s studioC install modern machinery and esta2lish industrial !apan’s reinvention of Chinese archaismB 2ronze and production procedures at the Imperial Printing iron for chanoyu %tea ceremony), for 2unjincha %tea of 4ureau, T()*(, to instruct the youn- -eneration of the literati,, and for @o#er arrangement in the formal designers and engravers, and to produce securit* rik)a style0 printed products such as 2anknotes, state 2ond 4esides documenting the a-es-old, multifaceted certificates, monopoly and posta-e stamps. He #as interest of China in its o#n antiquit* and its unceasing #ell-)no#n also as a portraitist of contemporaneous revivals, the Chiossone 2ronze collection attests to historic 5-ures, most nota2ly Philipp-7ranz von the !apanese tradition of -athering Chinese 2ronzes 9ie2old %1796-1866, and Emperor Meiji %1852-1912, r.
    [Show full text]
  • Salvatrice Graci Uned La Millenaria Storia Del Giappone È Stata
    Mas igualdad. Redes para la igualdad IL GIAPPONE E LE DONNE: SCRITTRICI, GEISHE E L’ORIGINALE VICENDA DI UNA PITTRICE DI NOME O’TAMA Salvatrice Graci Uned premessa La millenaria storia del Giappone è stata caratterizzata da eventi straordinari. Nei secoli si sono susseguite battaglie epocali, periodi di isolamento assoluto e aperture altrettanto estreme. Un paese affascinante caratterizzato da una fiorente cultura fatta di pagine di poesia e letteratura incomparabili, di arte originale, di un modo di vivere e di pensare che agli occhi degli Occidentali, ancora oggi, appare bizzarro in taluni casi addirittura incomprensibile. Da questa cultura estremamente raffinata sono nate figure di uomini che hanno lasciato un segno nella storia, ma anche di tante donne che in vari campi, e nel corso dei secoli, si sono distinte per intelletto, arguzia, bellezza e talento. In questo lavoro, dunque, proveremo a riaccendere i riflettori su alcune figure che in modo diretto, come nel caso di talune scrittrici, o indiretto, come per esempio le protagoniste di indimenticabili capolavori dell’arte giapponese, hanno lasciato un segno nella storia del loro paese. In modo particolare ci soffermeremo sulle vicende della pittrice O’Tama Kyohara che tra la fine dell’Ottocento e gli inizi del Novecento si trasferirà in Italia per seguire il marito in Sicilia dove rimarrà per parecchie decadi prima di ritornare nel paese del Sol Levante, rappresentando un caso unico nella storia del Giappone per via delle vicende personali e della formazione artistica. le origini del Giappone e le scrittrici cortigiane Correnti religiose come lo Shintoismo e il Buddhismo hanno avuto un’importanza fondamentale nella formazione della sensibilità giapponese influenzandone la visione del mondo e il modo di rappresentarlo attraverso l’arte.
    [Show full text]
  • Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei
    Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei By ©2016 Alison Miller Submitted to the graduate degree program in the History of Art and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko ________________________________ Dr. Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Dr. David Cateforis ________________________________ Dr. John Pultz ________________________________ Dr. Akiko Takeyama Date Defended: April 15, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Alison Miller certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko Date approved: April 15, 2016 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the political significance of the image of the Japanese Empress Teimei (1884-1951) with a focus on issues of gender and class. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Japanese society underwent significant changes in a short amount of time. After the intense modernizations of the late nineteenth century, the start of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in overseas militarism, turbulent domestic politics, an evolving middle class, and the expansion of roles for women to play outside the home. As such, the early decades of the twentieth century in Japan were a crucial period for the formation of modern ideas about femininity and womanhood. Before, during, and after the rule of her husband Emperor Taishō (1879-1926; r. 1912-1926), Empress Teimei held a highly public role, and was frequently seen in a variety of visual media.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezra Pound His Metric and Poetry Books by Ezra Pound
    EZRA POUND HIS METRIC AND POETRY BOOKS BY EZRA POUND PROVENÇA, being poems selected from Personae, Exultations, and Canzoniere. (Small, Maynard, Boston, 1910) THE SPIRIT OF ROMANCE: An attempt to define somewhat the charm of the pre-renaissance literature of Latin-Europe. (Dent, London, 1910; and Dutton, New York) THE SONNETS AND BALLATE OF GUIDO CAVALCANTI. (Small, Maynard, Boston, 1912) RIPOSTES. (Swift, London, 1912; and Mathews, London, 1913) DES IMAGISTES: An anthology of the Imagists, Ezra Pound, Aldington, Amy Lowell, Ford Maddox Hueffer, and others GAUDIER-BRZESKA: A memoir. (John Lane, London and New York, 1916) NOH: A study of the Classical Stage of Japan with Ernest Fenollosa. (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1917; and Macmillan, London, 1917) LUSTRA with Earlier Poems. (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1917) PAVANNES AHD DIVISIONS. (Prose. In preparation: Alfred A. Knopf, New York) EZRA POUND HIS METRIC AND POETRY I "All talk on modern poetry, by people who know," wrote Mr. Carl Sandburg in _Poetry_, "ends with dragging in Ezra Pound somewhere. He may be named only to be cursed as wanton and mocker, poseur, trifler and vagrant. Or he may be classed as filling a niche today like that of Keats in a preceding epoch. The point is, he will be mentioned." This is a simple statement of fact. But though Mr. Pound is well known, even having been the victim of interviews for Sunday papers, it does not follow that his work is thoroughly known. There are twenty people who have their opinion of him for every one who has read his writings with any care.
    [Show full text]
  • The Otaku Phenomenon : Pop Culture, Fandom, and Religiosity in Contemporary Japan
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2017 The otaku phenomenon : pop culture, fandom, and religiosity in contemporary Japan. Kendra Nicole Sheehan University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Japanese Studies Commons, and the Other Religion Commons Recommended Citation Sheehan, Kendra Nicole, "The otaku phenomenon : pop culture, fandom, and religiosity in contemporary Japan." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2850. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2850 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE OTAKU PHENOMENON: POP CULTURE, FANDOM, AND RELIGIOSITY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN By Kendra Nicole Sheehan B.A., University of Louisville, 2010 M.A., University of Louisville, 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Humanities Department of Humanities University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky December 2017 Copyright 2017 by Kendra Nicole Sheehan All rights reserved THE OTAKU PHENOMENON: POP CULTURE, FANDOM, AND RELIGIOSITY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN By Kendra Nicole Sheehan B.A., University of Louisville, 2010 M.A., University of Louisville, 2012 A Dissertation Approved on November 17, 2017 by the following Dissertation Committee: __________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Inland Sea of Ja An
    Ancient traditions of the Inland Sea of Ja an Kyoto ◆ Hiroshima ◆ Miyajima ◆ Matsue ◆ Himeji ◆ Osaka A voyage aboard the Exclusively Chartered Small Ship Five-Star M.S. L’AUSTRAL April 30 to May 10, 2017 Dear Bryn Mawr Alumnae/i and Friends, Konnichiwa! Experience the timeless splendor of Japan and South Korea by sea and on land, the best way to see the richness of this beautiful region. During this custom-designed nine-night itinerary enjoy two nights on land and seven nights cruising while you explore enthralling ports steeped in the traditions of ancient Buddhist shoguns and Samurai warriors, and admire landscapes dotted with Shinto shrines, imperial castles and meticulous Japanese gardens. Spend two nights in the enchanting city of Kyoto, its serene landscape brimming with fragrant cherry blossom trees. It was the imperial capital of Japan from A.D. 794 until the mid-19th century and has been the cultural capital of this island nation for more than 1000 years. See its historic UNESCO World Heritage-designated monuments, visit the opulent temples of Ry ¯oan-ji and Kinkaku-ji, the imperial Nij ¯o Castle and stroll through the iconic red-orange torii gates and temple grounds of the Fushimi Inari Shrine. On board the exclusively chartered, Five-Star small ship M.S. L’AUSTRAL, featuring only 110 ocean-view Suites and Staterooms, cruise for seven nights from Himeji, Japan, along the coast of the tranquil Inland Sea and South Korea, and visit captivating port calls that showcase fi ve UNESCO World Heritage sites. See the impressive 14th-century Himeji Castle complex, the oldest surviving feudal structure of medieval Japan; walk through the poignant Peace Memorial Park and Museum in Hiroshima following President Obama’s recent historic visit; and tour picturesque Itsukushima Shrine in Miyajima with its awe-inspiring Great Torii Gate.
    [Show full text]