UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
JANUARY - DECEMBER 1999
DECEMBER 1998
UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
JANUARY - DECEMBER 1999
DECEMBER 1998
UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 1998
For additional copies, please contact:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Complex Emergency Response Branch (CERB) Palais des Nations 8-14 Avenue de la Paix Ch-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Tel.: (41 22) 788.1404 Fax: (41 22) 788.6389 E-Mail: [email protected]
This document is also available on http://www.reliefweb.int/
OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)
NEW YORK OFFICE GENEVA OFFICE United Nations Palais des Nations New York, NY 10017 1211 Geneva 10 USA Switzerland Telephone:(1 212) 963.5406 Telephone:(41 22) 788.6385 Telefax:(1 212) 963.1314
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5 TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... vii
Table I: Total Funding Requirements - By Sector ...... xi
Previous Consolidated Appeal in Review ...... 1
Humanitarian Context ...... 5
Sectoral Programme/Projects...... 21
Table II: List of Project Activities - By Agency ...... 22 Table III: List of Project Activities - By Sector ...... 24
Internally Displaced Persons ...... 26 - 32 Refugees ...... 33 - 36 Health and Nutrition ...... 37 - 41 Food Security ...... 42 - 50 Protection of Children ...... 51 Human Rights, Peace and Reconciliation ...... 52 - 55 Coordination, Capacity-Building and Security Management ...... 56 - 66
Table IV: Total Funding Requirements - By Appealing Organisation ...... 67
ANNEX I. Abbreviations and Acronyms ...... 69
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7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Context The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is currently undergoing dramatic political and military developments which create an extremely complex humanitarian situation. Tensions of ethnic and military character that persisted in the eastern provinces of the country throughout 1997-1998 transformed into a rebellion- (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie- RCD) in early August 1998. The rebellion supported by certain states of the Great Lakes region rapidly spread westwards and affected the capital of the DRC. The Government of the DRC, actively supported by several countries of Central and Southern Africa, succeeded in containing the area of the rebellion to the eastern provinces of the country. Presently, seven provinces of the DRC, namely North and South Kivu, Maniema, Orientale, Eastern Kasai, Equateur and Katanga are affected by military confrontation. The military activities are accompanied by population displacement (an estimated 500,000 persons in various provinces), destruction of community infrastructure and serious violations of human rights. The impact of the war is serious on the economy of the DRC. The interruption of economic exchanges and isolation of strategic food producing and mining regions, combined with hyperinflation and devaluation of the new national currency, and shortages of agricultural produce seriously weakened the coping mechanisms of the entire population. Thus, the present inter-agency appeal, unlike the previous one is bound to focus on the immediate humanitarian and human rights needs of the DRC’s population. In addition, the complexity of constraints and the size of territories and populations affected by the current crisis, require multi-sectoral and resource consuming interventions for the period January-June 1999.
Description of Common Humanitarian Action Formulation Process The complex humanitarian situation in the DRC with its recurrent emergencies necessitates multi-sectoral and multi-agency interventions and consequently requires common strategic approaches adhered to by all humanitarian actors. The formulation of a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP) for the DRC was a gradual process that commenced with the development of humanitarian strategies for particular regions of the country, such as North Kivu, Haut Plateau of South Kivu, Kahemba district and Province Orientale during inter-agency assessment missions. In parallel, countrywide humanitarian strategies were established through contingency planning exercises, which included not only United Nations (UN) Agencies but also a number of Non-government Organisations (NGOs) and the Red Cross Movement. In addition, consultations were held with all relief agencies represented in the DRC within the framework of the Disaster Management Process (DMP). The actors that participated in the development of CHAP are: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
Long-Term Goals (1999-2001) The long-term goals set by the relief community in the DRC are built on the assumption that the ongoing military conflict in the DRC will not be long lasting. Therefore, the goals are primarily intended to achieve post-conflict resolutions and develop the capacity of the relief community and the Government of the DRC to respond to and prevent disasters particularly gross human rights violations. The period between 1999 and the year 2001 in the DRC is seen as a phase during which the stabilisation of the humanitarian situation and the preparation of a platform for launching development initiatives could be ensured. During this period, it is also expected to reinforce the national institutions in charge of protection and promotion of human rights, assist in capacity-building in order to restore the Rule of Law and
8 to reactivate the democratic process which are essential (key) elements for a sustainable reconciliation, reconstruction and development process.
Short-Term Goals and Operational Objectives The following short-term goals are set to assist the population of the DRC in the environment of ongoing military conflict in the country.
1. Improved food security and increased coverage by primary health services for displaced communities of North Kivu, South Kivu, Maniema, Orientale and northern Katanga provinces. Operational objectives: locate the displaced communities, establish systematic access, set-up new operational bases, increase local food capacities for self-sufficiency in food and plug the gap in local food resources through food aid, provide medical assistance.
2. Improved security conditions for ethnic minorities in North and South Kivu. Operational objectives: establish effective monitoring mechanisms; provide humanitarian assistance.
3. Reintegration and economic recovery of war-affected communities in Bas Congo and other western provinces of the DRC. Operational objectives: rehabilitate destroyed or looted socio-economic infrastructure, increase local capacities for food self-reliance mainly through the provision of seeds and tools for farmers.
4. Improved food security and access to potable water for the population of Kisangani, Province Orientale. Operational objectives: negotiate access, re-establish a distribution and monitoring mechanism, implement airlift operations.
5. Increased emergency preparedness of Kinshasa’s population. Operational objectives: replenish the stocks of pharmaceuticals and emergency medical equipment in all major hospitals, preposition food stocks, promotion of food self-reliance through increased vegetable production, rehabilitate socio-economic infrastructure.
6. Re-establishment of systematic access, protection and assistance programmes for refugees. Facilitate the repatriation of Congolese from third countries. Operational objectives: negotiate access, implement food distribution projects, re-establish operational bases.
7. Diminish the level of human rights abuses throughout the country. Operational objectives: monitor the human rights situation, develop a national plan of action which covers all human rights including civil, political, economic, cultural, and social rights, capacity-building for national institutions focusing in the integration of gender and other protected groups (minorities, children), provide assistance to the Judiciary, launch public awareness campaigns on the human rights and the humanitarian law.
8. Improved understanding of dynamics in the humanitarian situation of the DRC. Operational objectives: conduct countrywide humanitarian assessments, operational bases, increase local production capacities for
9 self-sufficiency in food and plug the gap in local food resources through food aid, provide medical assistance.
10 Relationship with Other Humanitarian and Development Programmes Complementarity and continuity of humanitarian interventions will be ensured through close cooperation with implementing and donor agencies such as European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) and its operational partners (other than those participating in the present appeal), Belgian, Italian, Swedish and French Cooperations, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), International Federation of Red Cross and Crescent Societies (IFRC) and other members of the Red Cross family, European Union’s PATS programme, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and specialised confessional institutions such as Bureau Diocésain des Œuvres Médicales (BDOM). Government’s renewed humanitarian initiatives will be supported through a close cooperation with the line Ministries, e.g. Ministry of Health, Education; and Humanitarian Aid Coordination Unit (HAC) attached to the Presidency. Linkages between the humanitarian and development programmes will be ensured through continued cooperation with the European Commission, UNDP, United Nations Office for Project Support (UNOPS), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), World Bank (WB), International Labour Organisation (ILO), Office for Transitional Initiatives (USAID/OTI) and Caritas Development.
Monitoring Plan The Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Kinshasa, DRC, will assume overall monitoring of the Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP). Reports on funding situation, progress made and constraints analysis will be prepared on a monthly basis and submitted to the UN Country Management Team and the Government of the DRC for approval and making adjustments if necessary. Problems affecting the framework of the common humanitarian strategy, encountered during the implementation of the programme will be addressed by the Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator with the UN Agencies and the Government of the DRC.
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Table I : Total Funding Requirements for the 1999 UN Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo BY SECTOR January - June 1999
SECTOR REQUIREMENTS (US$)
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS 5,942,350
REFUGEES 7,192,917
HEALTH AND NUTRITION 3,484,030
FOOD SECURITY 3,068,019
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN 1,850,000
HUMAN RIGHTS, PEACE AND RECONCILIATION 2,155,100
COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT 2,455,451
GRAND TOTAL 26,147,867
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14 PREVIOUS CONSOLIDATED APPEAL IN REVIEW
Financial Overview The donor response to the 1998 UN Consolidated Appeal for the Great Lakes Region and most particularly to the country Appeal of the DRC was rather weak. As of the date of preparation of this Appeal, only 10.9 percent of funding requirements for the 1998 humanitarian and rehabilitation projects were covered. This, however, does not include UNHCR and WFP whose programmes were funded on a regional basis. The funding requirements of these agencies were covered by 49.5 percent and 40.1 percent, respectively. While emergency oriented activities and their coordination aspects were generally supported by the donor community, the domains of post-conflict rehabilitation, reintegration of displaced communities and human rights advocacy issues in the DRC remained out of due attention.
The shortfalls in funding requirements and delays in pledges have limited the areas of humanitarian interventions, reduced the presence of relief workers in a number of provinces and diminished the emergency preparedness capacity of the UN Agencies. In spite of this, an adequate and coordinated response was provided by the UN system to the victims of natural disasters, epidemics and influxes of refugees. Supported by bilateral donors (e.g. Italy, Belgium, France etc.) on the ground, the UN system in conjunction with its operational partners and the Government of the DRC, organised an emergency response during the Kinshasa crisis in August-September 1998.
Thanks to generous donor contributions, 300,000 children were vaccinated in conflict areas, two million children were vaccinated against measles and polio; care and protection was provided to approximately 250,000 refugees, including 130,000 Angolans, 60,000 Sudanese, and 20,000 Burundis1. Several food security and emergency rehabilitation projects were also implemented for a number of rural communities in South Kivu and Orientale provinces.
Changes in the Humanitarian Situation The 1998 UN Consolidated Appeal for the DRC was designed to provide an adequate humanitarian response to the residual effects of complex humanitarian emergencies of 1994-96; to promote peace and stability; and to address the chronic humanitarian problems deriving from the degrading state of the country’s economy. The eight months of 1998 passed, as anticipated, in an atmosphere of a slow but steady stabilisation of the humanitarian situation. While the country remained politically and militarily stable, the first half of 1998 was, however, marked by a number of emergencies: cholera epidemic in five eastern provinces of the DRC, unprecedented floods in Orientale, Equateur and Kinshasa provinces; influx of 40,000 Angolan and 11,000 Burundian refugees; and expulsion of 12,000 Congolese long-term residents and refugees from Tanzania.
Starting from August 1998 major changes in the humanitarian situation occurred in the DRC as a result of military confrontation simultaneously taking place in the eastern provinces of the country and in Bas Congo province, as well as in Kinshasa. The first three months of the military conflict put an end to one year-long progress of the relief community in rehabilitating destroyed infrastructure and reintegrating returnees. The war equally undermined the positive trends towards national reconciliation that had started to emerge in the Congolese society. It also became an impetus for a new wave of hostilities and flagrant violations of human rights. The immediate impact of this war was undoubtedly devastating for the population. However,
1 Activities benefitting Angolan and Sudanese refugees are presented in UNHCR’s Global Appeal and are not reflected in this Appeal.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1 in the longer run, it is fraught with even more serious consequences, as it has affected the fragile social tissue of the Congolese society as a whole. For the first time since the complex humanitarian emergency of 1994/95, the struggle in the east of the country echoed in the traditionally peaceful west, South and Upper Northern parts of the country. In contrast to the civil war of 1996, the area of military clashes significantly expanded in August-September 1998 and directly affected the civilian population of Bas Congo, Orientale and Kinshasa provinces.
Hence, the fundamental change in the humanitarian situation of the DRC is a further deteriorating socio-economic and security situation of the Congolese people as a whole. In more specific terms, the following emergency situations can be singled out: recurrent devastating displacement of populations in North Kivu and South Kivu; unprecedented plight of the population and destruction of economic infrastructure in Bas Congo province; weakened food security for the overwhelming majority of the country’s urban population; threat of wide-spread famine in Province Orientale and notably in Kisangani; suspension of return and reintegration processes of Congolese refugees; absence of effective protection mechanisms for certain groups of refugees in the atmosphere of military confrontation and lack of access; physical insecurity for Hutu, Hunde and Banyavyura communities in Kivu provinces and certain ethnic minorities in Kinshasa and Katanga provinces.
Progress Made During the first eight months of 1998, the UN system and the relief community in the DRC sought to strengthen the positive stabilisation trends through a diversified programme of activities. The establishment of civil administration in provinces, the Government’s successful efforts in containing the inflationary processes and further economic recession, the preparation of a National Triennial Reconstruction Plan, etc. were all factors that created an environment more conducive to relief activities.
Significant progress was made in the repatriation of refugees. In addition to over 14,000 Brazzaville Congolese who successfully repatriated from Kinshasa earlier in the year, some 60,000 Congolese were assisted to return to South Kivu from camps in Tanzania in a successful operation that was interrupted when the conflict erupted in August 1998. The operational synergies established between UN Agencies (UNHCR/WFP) and NGOs (World Vision, Action Contre la Faim (ACF)/US, Malteser) enabled implementation of a complete cycle starting from repatriation, immediate assistance, reintegration to rehabilitation of community infrastructure. In Kivu, the food security situation was monitored continuously and the community’s food self-reliance increased through sustained distribution of seeds and tools (FAO, donors, NGOs). FAO also provided technical assistance to the NGOs involved in this region, as well as at national level. Should no new funding be made available, FAO would have to discontinue its support.
Coordinated response was demonstrated by the relief community in the aftermath of floods in Orientale and Equateur (UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, ICRC, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)/H, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), IFRC) provinces; and during a wide-spread epidemic of cholera in five eastern provinces of the country (UNICEF, UNHCR, ICRC, MSF, Memisa, Save the Children Fund (SCF)). Efficient coordination mechanisms were set up and adequate response to emergencies was provided to the population of Kinshasa by a multi-agency/Government crisis committee under war conditions.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED2 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 2 Necessary preparations (registration, training, logistics, provision of supplies) were made for implementing an unprecedented vaccination campaign against polio of the country’s ten million children under five (WHO/UNICEF/Ministry of Health of the DRC). This action was scheduled to start in August 1998, however, the break out of the war disrupted the initial plans. The efforts in the domain of the epidemiological control were enhanced thanks to the resumption of research and monitoring activities of MSF/F (sleeping sickness in Bas Congo and Equateur); EPICENTRE (river blindness in Kasai); FOMETRO (sleeping sickness country-wide).
The scope and geography of the humanitarian interventions significantly expanded northwards and westwards of the country and included Province Orientale (UNICEF, WHO, UNDP, MSF/H, ICRC, CRS); Katanga (UNICEF, UNHCR, MSF/F, ICRC); Bas Congo (UNICEF, MSF/B, IFRC); Bandundu (WHO, Red Cross Movement, Memisa); Equateur (UNHCR, MSF/F, WHO, SCF) and Kinshasa (WFP, UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, Handicap International, CRS, ICRC, Belgian Red Cross).
In spite of a non- conducive climate in the east of the country, efforts were made (UNHCR, ICRC, SCF, UNICEF) to locate, assist and repatriate Rwandan unaccompanied minors.
Comprehensive Inter-agency (UN-Government-Donors-NGOs) assessment missions were organised in the largest province of the DRC, Orientale; in conflict-affected areas of Southernmost Kivu (Haut Plateau) and in zones affected by the influx of Angolan refugees. Short-and medium-term assistance strategies were developed as a result of these inter-agency assessment missions.
Lessons Learned The failure to meet the humanitarian requirements of internally displaced persons (IDPs), most notably in Kivu provinces, was the major handicap of the humanitarian programme in 1998. The IDP communities in eastern DRC are the main victims of the fluid political and military situation with its basic attributes- lack of access, perpetual military (rebel) activity, harassment of aid workers and requisitioning of relief supplies and equipment, etc. The fundamental feature of the displacement in the eastern DRC is the fact that IDPs are not clustered in camps but have merged into host communities, yet are still constrained by lack of land, vital services and precarious security conditions. Being within the regions of their origin, the displaced continue to be subjected to the same hazards and abuses that caused them to flee in the first place. In a number of occasions during 1998, the displaced communities were trapped in the midst of fighting and were even “voluntarily” displaced by military authorities in order that security zones could be created. Although a certain amount of aid (food- WFP, pharmaceuticals and non-food items MSF/H and ICRC) was delivered to some of the displaced communities on a haphazard basis, their essential needs for care and protection were not met. Throughout 1998, the UN System launched an active engagement initiative designed to establish access to these affected communities in spite of a complex political environment. A comprehensive settlement of the Kivu problem with involvement of all conflicting parties is a prerequisite for the solution to the trauma of displacement in the east of the DRC.
One of the practical conclusions drawn from the crisis of August-September 1998 in Kinshasa is the impossibility to rapidly import and deliver relief supplies to the western parts of the DRC in view of degrading state of infrastructure in the DRC and the Republic of the Congo. Provisions should be made to build buffer stocks of food, non-food and sanitation supplies for western and central provinces of the DRC.
Joint UN-NGO-Red Cross Movement Contingency Plans should be generated on a quarterly basis. The contingency planning exercise should seek to provide guidance and concrete,
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED3 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 3 quantifiable and budgeted plans of action for each foreseeable operational scenario.
Minimal presence should be maintained by all UN Agencies with humanitarian/disaster response mandate in Kinshasa in case of deterioration in the security situation, so that a rapid response could be organised and coordinated among different partners and specialised Government institutions.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED4 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 4 HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT
Political, Economic, Security and Constraints Analysis The political-military crisis in the DRC that emerged as a mutiny on 31 July 1998 in North Kivu province and then rapidly expanded westwards over the subsequent few days, now represents a regional conflict with involvement of armies of at least seven countries, as well as a number of local and foreign insurgent groups.
The first phase of the crisis ended in mid-September 1998, when an immediate military threat to the capital of the DRC was averted. It also resulted in a significant number of casualties both among military and civilians in Kinshasa and Bas Congo provinces, and drastic deterioration of the economic situation with an extremely negative impact on the social fabric of the population.
The temporary humanitarian injections (food, medical and water treatment supplies) provided by the relief community during the first phase of the crisis could not contain the sharp deterioration of the population’s livelihood, resulting from the disruption of coping mechanisms in an atmosphere of scarce of food, hyper-inflation and a dramatic devaluation of the national currency- Congolese Franc. The inflationary processes boosted by the political and military crisis in the DRC have devastated the minimal survival assets earned by the population, thanks to the relative economic stability in February-August 1998. Furthermore, restructuring of the mining industries resulted in a dramatic decrease of the amount of hard currency in the market which in turn affected the economic activities (domestic investment) and primarily food export/import. The growing impact of foreign military assistance on DRC’s budget and essential economic interests (mining potential) are expected to further reduce resources for basic social services. Due to the ongoing military conflict, the already weak communication network between east of west of the country ceased to exist. Diminished food imports and exports combined with the shrinking domestic agricultural production accelerated inflationary processes in the food market. In sum, havoc created as a result of the ongoing war brought the country’s population back to the levels of social-economic security of 1996, thus eliminating the positive changes occurred in the country since the end of the civil war.
The second phase of the crisis in the DRC is characterised by further intensification of military activities in the east of the country. By the end of October 1998, the coalition of rebel forces was imposing an effective control over four eastern provinces of the DRC, i.e. North and South Kivu, Province Orientale and Maniema. In addition to this, significant areas of North Katanga and Eastern Equateur were reportedly held by this coalition. The offensives of belligerents were accompanied by intense combats in and around Kindu (Maniema), Kalemie (Northern Katanga) and Buta (Province Orientale) thus causing a serious damage to the local communities and uprooting a number of them. Furthermore, certain rebel/guerrilla groups took advantage of the prevailing instability and infiltrated the territory of DRC through the permeable frontiers in Province Orientale (Sudan People’s Liberation Army-Bahral Ghazal (SPLA B) Dungu) and Kasai Occidental (Ex Union Nationale pour l’Indépendence Totale d’Angola (ex-UNITA) - Tshikapa) and further deteriorated the humanitarian situation. Pockets of resistance are still being observed South-west of Kinshasa where rebel activity impedes the return of displaced population and renders the strategic Matadi-Kinshasa axis highly insecure.
The complexity of the above circumstances creates a number of constraints for the delivery of humanitarian assistance. These constraints can be grouped as follows:
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED5 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 5 Security: International relief staff were withdrawn from North and South Kivu, Province Orientale, Maniema provinces as a result of the ongoing military confrontation in these provinces. Strained security situation and possible further expansion of hostilities to Katanga and Equateur provinces prompted most of the relief agencies to down size their humanitarian interventions. Rebel activity south-west of Kinshasa complicates the delivery of humanitarian aid to Bas Congo province. Physical security of the locally recruited personnel in areas affected by military activity is pre-occupying.
Economic: Scarcity of supplies available in the local market impedes certain humanitarian operations designed to procure locally and deliver assistance (e.g. procurement of food in Katanga for Angolan refugees). Severe shortages of fuel and lubricants and their high prices often paralyse the operations of relief agencies.
Political: Provision of assistance to the populations in Orientale, North Kivu, South Kivu provinces as well as to that of Northern Katanga depends on the Government’s clearance. Given the unfeasibility of cross-frontline operations and the Government’s precondition not to use the countries involved in the current crisis as operational bases, airlift operations may be the only means to bring humanitarian assistance to a number of provinces. This in turn will tangibly increase the costs of operations. No durable humanitarian solutions can be envisaged and carried out for the populations affected by violence and destitution in the absence of political settlement of the problem in eastern DRC. If no such settlement is found, the efforts of the relief community will be limited to minimising the consequences of the perpetual violence during short-lasting peaceful periods or occasional windows of opportunity left by both sides.
Logistics: Humanitarian operations in the interior of the DRC are greatly suffering from tremendous logistical difficulties. One of the major outcomes of the ongoing war is the complete destruction and/or loss of infrastructure built by the relief community in the east of the DRC starting from October-November 1996. This includes looted stocks (food, Non-Food Items (NFI), vaccines, pharmaceuticals) offices, 120 vehicles in North and South Kivu and Orientale provinces, and telecommunication means. As regards to the west of the country, the first phase of the crisis in August-September 1998 cast a doubt on the capacity of the relief community to rapidly build stocks, because of malfunctioning railways and roads in western DRC and Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo).
Problem Analysis, Response and Prospects The current humanitarian context in the DRC is undergoing dramatic changes compared to the overall humanitarian environment of the recent years. For more than a year (May 1997 -August 1998) the Great Lakes crisis was mainly affecting two eastern provinces of the DRC while the rest of the country was remaining out of that context. The current crisis in the DRC is the expansion of the Great Lakes crisis over the entire territory of the country. Its impact significantly varies from region to region of the DRC depending on combination of economic (resources), ethnic and political patterns, as well as proximity to troubled neighbouring countries (Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Angola and the Republic of the Congo). Immediate short-term (till mid-1999) problems of the DRC’s population by province could be summarised as follows:
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED6 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 6 Bas Congo: repeated looting of socio-economic infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals; displacement of around 15,000 farmers, destruction of agricultural production means and loss of crops, influx of Angolan refugees; insecurity along the Angolan border;
North and South Kivu: looting, displacement of the majority of the North Kivu’s population, as well as the refugee population from South Kivu, wide-spread human rights abuses; outbreak of cholera and other epidemic diseases;
Maniema: Destruction of infrastructure and crops, looting, massive displacement;
Province Orientale: repeated looting, isolation of main urban areas with a potential threat of famine, potential outbreak of epidemic of cholera in the absence of water treatment supplies; harassment of Sudanese refugees by SPLA, human rights abuses; influx of displaced from Kivu;
Western Kasai: influx of Angolan refugees; scarce food supply; epidemic of meningitis, insecurity in the zones bordering with Angola;
Bandundu (South): precarious food security situation, influx of Angolan refugees
Katanga: Displacement of the war-affected population, influx of Angolan refugees, scarcity of food supply;
Kinshasa: weakened economic security of the population in the atmosphere of hyper-inflation and devaluation of the national currency; global food deficit at Kinshasa’s market estimated at 20 percent, the deficit for certain staple food items is estimated at 40 percent; looming threat of hunger riots.
The efforts of the relief community to address the above needs were compromised in many instances due to ongoing hostilities. Nevertheless, adequate emergency medical and to a lesser extent, food assistance has been and is being provided to Kinshasa’s population. Emergency rehabilitation and reintegration projects (some of them are featured in this Country Appeal 1999) are being envisaged for Bas Congo province. Kisangani population’s access to potable water and basic pharmaceuticals was ensured but only for two months. Under the extremely difficult security conditions in South Kivu, attempts are being made to contain the outbreak of the epidemic of cholera. Assessment missions to Kivu, Katanga and Bas Congo provinces are underway.
Longer-term needs In the absence of man-made disasters the population of the DRC at large can sustain its survival using the rich natural resources of the country. However, it will need longer-term humanitarian and bridging assistance in order to overcome the limits of sheer survival towards a more sustainable livelihood. There is a number of foreseeable critical humanitarian issues that are expected to emerge or re-emerge even in a relatively stable political climate of a post-war DRC over the next few years: · The great majority of the DRC’s population is exposed to epidemic diseases. The expansion of trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and onchocercosis (river
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED7 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 7 blindness), as well as other tropical epidemic diseases are matters of deep concern.
· Approximately 60 percent of urban and 75 percent of rural population of the DRC has no access to potable water.
· Only 6 percent of the rural population of the DRC has access to adequate sanitation facilities, which in turn perpetuates epidemics of cholera, hepatitis, etc.
· Life expectancy of the Congolese continues to decline as a result of weak access to primary health services. Already one of the highest in the world, the maternal and infant mortality rates are expected to continue to rise.
· The impact of the wars, refugee influxes and massive displacements occurred in the DRC starting from 1993/94 is especially negative on the country’s economy, especially in the agricultural production sector. A number of years of continuous rehabilitation will required to restore the pre-war levels of agricultural production.
· A politically volatile climate in the countries neighbouring with the DRC, namely Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Angola may produce new influxes of refugees with highly negative consequences on the host Congolese communities.
· Population of the DRC appears to be unprotected vis a vis natural calamities, such as floods and droughts.
· De-scholarisation continues at an extremely high rate as a result of the degradation of the educational system in the DRC. It is expected that the enrolment of children in the primary school will continue its downwards slop. Currently the school enrolment and drop out rates are estimated at 58 and 75 percent respectively.
· Isolation of communities because of poor road infrastructure will continue to create a fertile ground for high mortality and malnutrition.
· The ongoing war created an atmosphere of ethnic intolerance and hatred which may perpetuate tensions within the DRC and between the DRC and other nations of the Great Lakes region. This strained climate will be fraught with negative implications on the humanitarian situation of the DRC.
Common Humanitarian Action Plan The evolution of the humanitarian environment in the DRC as a whole over the forthcoming months is greatly dependent on the prospects of a political settlement of the Kivu problem. The working scenarios indicated below foresee rather serious repercussions of the political situation on the livelihoods of the country’s population. All of them describe certain humanitarian developments that would challenge the aptitude of the relief community to reach, protect and assist people in need. Therefore, the active engagement initiatives designed to access populations in conflict zones will constitute the cornerstone of the common humanitarian strategy and action plan.
Scenario 1 Status Quo: Complete military victory remains unattainable for either belligerent side. Skirmishes between coalitions of forces continue along the 1,200 kilometres-long frontline Province Orientale- Maniema- Eastern Kasai- Katanga, leading to a standstill of commercial exchanges, further isolation of entire communities and in consequence further displacement of population residing along the frontline. While the impact of military activities is not expected
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED8 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 8 to be extensive in under-populated provinces Orientale (apart from Kisangani-Bunia axis) and Maniema, they are likely to uproot a large number of communities in provinces with a relatively high density of population (Katanga and Kasai). Disruption of agricultural production combined with de facto blockade of communities will create a fertile ground for famine. Following the lines of historical examples, it seems highly probable that the war-affected communities will seek refuge in the rain-forests, thus exposing themselves to tropical diseases in addition to measles - one of the main killers during a displacement. The mobility of the population of Kivu provinces in the contrary is expected to slow down and their spontaneous regroupment along accessible axes is expected to occur. Whereas no major humanitarian shocks are being expected for the populations of provinces controlled by the Government of DRC, a sharp economic recession is anticipated. The loss in the east of the majority of mining industries and important food- producing regions, the driving forces of the Congolese economy, will lead to drastic cuts in budget revenues. Businesses including food imports are expected to shrink leading to further devaluation of the Congolese Franc. The population of Kinshasa, appears to be particularly vulnerable since its economy is heavily dependent on domestic and regional trade.
Scenario 2 Government of the DRC regains control over the entire territory of the DRC, the war ends. This scenario pre-supposes that the expansion of military activities will be rapidly contained and the beleaguered area will be limited to Kivu provinces. The counter-offensive of the Government troops will inevitably encounter serious resistance of the rebel coalition. As such, massive destruction and heavy casualties among civilians should be expected. Certain communities (100,000 persons in Minembwe-Lulenge; 13,000 persons in Itombwe2; 20,000 Bavyura currently displaced in Uvira) supporting either side of the conflict or unwillingly implicated in the confrontation appear to be highly vulnerable and will be in need of protection. It is believed that a significant number of inhabitants mainly of South Kivu province will flee in fear of retaliation and find refuge in neighbouring countries. In sum, the problems encountered by Kivu’s population after the regain of its control by the Government will very much resemble those of 1996: displacement of up to 80 percent of the communities, destruction and looting of the social and basic infrastructure, heavy losses in human lives. In addition to this, no viable guarantees currently exist for the physical security of ethnic minorities in the east of the DRC.
Scenario 3 Political and Diplomatic settlement of the current conflict in the DRC through joint initiatives of Organisation for African Unity (OAU), SADEC and UN, such as Lusaka meeting. Cease-fire agreement followed by withdrawal of foreign troops is reached. Deployment of multinational peace-keeping and humanitarian convoy/protection forces to monitor the implementation of cease-fire, to establish security zones and to deliver assistance to war-affected populations.
2 Preliminary demographic information on Minembwe-Luienge and Itombwe zones was collected by UN led inter-agency mission in June 1998. As such, the figures indicated above do not include the possible demographic changes that might have occured since August 1998.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED9 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 9 Humanitarian inter-agency assessment missions will be carried out in Kivu, Maniema, Orientale, Katanga and western Kasai provinces shortly followed by the delivery of emergency aid items with strong logistical assistance from multinational forces.
The CHAP for the DRC, will seek to minimise the sufferings of the war-affected civilians in the atmosphere of the ongoing war in addition to routine relief operations in relatively stable regions of the country. The humanitarian action should not be intermittent in view of the volatile security and military situation in the country. To the extent possible, CHAP will envisage reaching the already uprooted communities and providing them with survival packages; providing effective protection to endangered ethnic minorities and refugees; precluding major food and sanitation crises in large urban centres; restoring and enhancing self-sufficiency of war-affected rural communities. In order to achieve these operational objectives, the CHAP will seek to expand the frameworks of the UN- DRC Government agreement3 on assistance to the population of territories held by the military opposition and establish alternative operational bases in neighbouring countries that can substitute the loss of the agencies’ bases within the country.
Current and Needed Competencies and Capacity Since the end of the complex emergency of 1996, the relief operation system has undergone serious restructuring. Large human and material resources concentrated in the east of the country have been gradually limited to a minimum required to run specific post-conflict rehabilitation activities. The difficult political and military climate in the east of the DRC compromised the ability of the relief community to obtain a holistic view on the country’s humanitarian situation. Moreover, since early August 1998, the relief community lost the most of its assets that have been built and invested in eastern provinces of the country since 1996. Restoration of these assets would require a tremendous amount of additional investments. As such, the loss of the equipment, facilities and supplies in the east of the DRC along with complex access situation represents a major handicap in the implementation of relief operations. New operational mechanisms, based on the utilisation of relief infrastructure in the neighbouring countries that are not involved in the current crisis should be devised in the short-run so that humanitarian aid could be delivered. In the absence of qualified operational partners (local or international) in many parts of the DRC, some of the UN Agencies are left with no choice but to rely on the capacities of the church’s network.
As regards to competencies necessary to meet medium-term objectives, the institutions currently present in the country have adequate expertise for the following humanitarian areas: survey/analysis of the nutritional and food security situation in country and provision of required assistance (WFP, FAO, ACF/US, World Vision, MSF, Red Cross Movement); epidemiological surveillance, rapid response to epidemics (WHO, UNICEF, ICRC, FOMETRO, Memisa, EPICENTRE); refugee status determination, protection (UNHCR) and care for refugees (UNHCR/WFP and their operational partners); education, protection of children in difficult circumstances (UNICEF, SCF); rehabilitation of socio-economic infrastructure (UNDP/UNOPS, UNHCR, UNICEF); health services to the population, routine vaccination (UNICEF and partners, WHO, ICRC, MSF), war-surgery (ICRC and its partners); water and sanitation (ICRC, Ox ford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM), UNHCR, UNICEF). Additional capacities will be required over the next three years to work with internally displaced communities and enhance their return and reintegration. Statement of Humanitarian Principles The political developments in the DRC since August 1998 are characterised by a crisis of
3 The Secretary General’s Representative and the DRC President have agreed that humanitarian assistance could be provided to the populations residing in rebel held areas via countries not involved in the current crisis
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED10 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 10 fundamental humanitarian principles and humanitarian law. Obstacles to enforcement of a number of absolute humanitarian principles designed to provide protection and assistance to individuals or communities have been and are being created by parties involved in the current crisis.
· The civil population of the war-affected areas has become the main target of the belligerents. The well-being and security of population of Kinshasa (5 million residents) was threatened (absence of food, potable water, and electricity) as a result of blockade of this mega-polis by insurgents. Kisangani, the third largest city of the DRC is currently facing a similar situation when it is not possible to deliver vital suplies of food, water treatment and medical supplies are possible to deliver to its population.
· No humanitarian corridors have been created for the retreat/evacuation of the civilian population in conflict-affected areas. As such, the population flees to inaccessible areas and remains out of the relief community’s reach.
· Specialised agencies do not have a systematic access to war-prisoners in both sides of the frontline. Under these conditions, no guarantees of humane treatment of the captured persons can be given.
· Persecution of individuals on the ground of their ethnicity, arbitrary arrests and detentions of civilians, inhumane and degrading treatment of civilians and war-prisoners and acts of vandalism targeted at religious missionaries have been reported in all areas of military confrontation.
· Children are reportedly involved in the military conflict.
· Safe havens for refugees were violated by insurgents that infiltrated the DRC.
As such the specific humanitarian principles, can be stated as follows:
· Unconditional access to all war-affected population groups and war-prisoners;
· Creation of humanitarian corridors for the evacuation of civilian population;
· Non-involvement and protection of children in armed conflicts;
· Non-use of civilian population and settlements as a shield during armed confrontations;
· The principle of safe havens for refugees should be respected, including non-involvement and re-establishment of safe havens for refugees, non-involvement and non-recruitment of refugees in armed conflicts;
· Re-enforcement of the right of asylum
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED11 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 11 These principles have not been applied since August 1998. The relief community, however, endeavours to achieve a full acceptance of these principles by all sides involved in the conflict. The first step was the DRC Government’s concurrence with the UN proposal as to the necessity of providing emergency humanitarian assistance to the civilian population residing in rebel-held territories and granting access to detained exposed communities in Kinshasa.
Long-Term Goals (1999-2001) The amelioration of the humanitarian space in the DRC is the global objective of the relief community in the DRC over the few years to come. While acknowledging how the global humanitarian climate in the DRC depends on the comprehensive settlement of political problems, the relief community shall pursue several essential humanitarian goals, achievement of which cannot be conditioned by political considerations. These goals can be singled out as follows:
1. Reintegration of IDP communities in North Kivu, South Kivu, Province Orientale, Katanga, Bandundu and Maniema provinces. Comprehensive post-conflict rehabilitation packages (protection, health, nutrition, agriculture, education, etc.) will be provided to returning communities. Impact assessment: reduced dependency on external humanitarian aid.
2. Eradication of poliomyelitis; reduction of other epidemic diseases in the DRC. Full coverage of all children under five by polio vaccination, expansion of epidemiological control network. Impact assessment: country-wide monitoring of morbidity/mortality patters.
3. Improvement of food security of the DRC population. Re-launching the activities in the agricultural sector (distribution of tools and improved seeds; vaccination of life-stock; modernising fisheries); food assistance to vulnerable groups of the population and promotion of nutritional education. Impact assessment: nutritional, market and food security surveys.
4. Increased enrolment of children in primary school, improved quality of education and prevention of further degradation of the educational system. Rehabilitation and construction of school infrastructure, motivation and training of teachers, provision of school supplies. Impact assessment: monitoring of the primary school enrolment and drop out rates.
5. Increased coverage of the DRC population by Primary Health Care (PHC) services. Rehabilitation and construction of health infrastructure, provision of pharmaceuticals, promotion of self-sufficiency of the health institutions through cost recovery mechanisms. Impact assessment: monitoring of life-expectancy dynamics in the country.
6. Reduced infant and maternal mortality rates. Equip the health centres of the country with maternity wards, provide equipment and training to the personnel, carry-out routine vaccination campaigns, promote breast feeding. Impact assessment: monitoring infant and maternal mortality rates.
7. Local integration of several groups of refugees for whom the voluntary
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED12 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 12 repatriation is not a viable option.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED13 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 13 8. Increased public awareness and respect for human rights issues. Training of the Government officials and the civil society through mass public information campaigns, support to human rights and other civic groups, increase popular participation, advocacy for women’s and children’s rights, as well as that of ethnic and religious minorities. Impact assessment: equitable access to the Congolese nationality, re-launch of the electoral process, demobilisation of child-soldiers, gender sensitive educational system.
9. Enhanced capacity of the DRC Government for disaster prevention and emergency preparedness. Create and support disaster prevention and humanitarian response capacity within the Government of the DRC. Impact assessment: Government’s capacity to collect, analyse and respond to humanitarian problems.
Short-Term Goals (January - June 1999) 1. Improved food security and increased coverage by PHC services for displaced communities of North Kivu, South Kivu, Maniema, Orientale and northern Katanga provinces. Implementation mechanism: locate and evaluate the situation of displaced communities (OCHA, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, UNICEF, FAO), establish systematic access (Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator), set-up of alternative operational bases (UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, FAO, WHO, OCHA, UNDP); deliver and distribute food commodities (WFP and implementing partners in consultation with ICRC), deliver and distribute essential drugs and medical equipment (UNICEF, WHO), deliver and distribute seeds and tools (FAO and implementing partners in consultation with ICRC), provide with potable water (UNHCR), and adequate sanitation (UNICEF); rehabilitate small health centres (UNHCR), and other community infrastructure (UNDP). Impact assessment: analysis of mobility of communities, health and nutritional surveys.
2. Improved security conditions for ethnic minorities in North and South Kivu. Implementation mechanism:, establish effective monitoring and advocacy mechanisms (OHCHR and OCHA in consultation with ICRC) provide with emergency assistance (UNHCR). Impact assessment: settlement/re-settlement of exposed communities, balanced ethnic policies of the authorities, reduced inter-ethnic tensions;
3. Reintegration and economic recovery of war-affected communities in Bas Congo and other western and central provinces of the DRC. Implementation mechanism: rehabilitate and revitalise destroyed or looted socio-economic infrastructure (UNDP and UNICEF), ensure villagers’ access to agricultural tools and seeds (FAO and implementing partners). Impact assessment: coverage of the population of Bas Congo by primary health services, enrolment in primary school, nutritional and market survey- food supply and prices, restored food marketing capacity of farmers.
4. Improved food security and access to basic services (health, nutrition, water) for the population of Kisangani, Province Orientale. Implementation
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED14 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 14 mechanism: negotiate access (Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator), deploy relief staff (UNICEF, WFP, WHO) establish a distribution and monitoring mechanism (WFP with implementing partners), provide agricultural inputs (FAO and implementing partners) implement airlift operations (WFP, UNICEF). Impact assessment: nutritional and medical surveys.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED15 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 15 5. Increased emergency preparedness of Kinshasa’s population. Implementation mechanism: replenish the stocks of pharmaceuticals and emergency medical equipment in all major hospitals (WHO with implementing partners), preposition food stocks (WFP), rehabilitate socio-economic infrastructure (UNDP), promote market gardening and poultry in sub-urban districts (FAO and UNDP). Impact assessment:: stabilisation of food supply and price levels, increased capacity of hospitals to provide war surgery and other medical services.
6. Re-establishment of systematic access, protection and assistance programmes for Angolan refugees in Katanga, Bas Congo, and Bandundu provinces and Burundian refugees in South Kivu. Implementation mechanism: negotiate access to Burundian refugees (UNHCR, UN Humanitarian Coordinators for the DRC and Great Lakes region), evaluate the situation of Sudanese refugees (UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, WHO, OCHA); re-establish operational bases in Orientale province (UNHCR); provide Angolan refugees in Bandundu, Katanga and Bas Congo provinces with emergency food and medical assistance (WFP, UNHCR). Impact assessment: non-involvement and non-recruitment of Sudanese refugees in the conflict in the Southern Sudan, nutritional and medical surveys among Angolan and Burundian refugees in Bandundu, Katanga and Bas Congo. 7. Assistance will be provided to repatriate and facilitate the reintegration of 87,000 Congolese who are currently refugees in neighbouring countries.
8. Diminished level of inter-ethnic hatred and intolerance. Implementation mechanism: launch public awareness campaigns on the human rights and the humanitarian law (OHCHR). Impact assessment: decreased anti-ethnic propaganda.
9. Improved understanding of dynamics in the humanitarian situation of the DRC. Implementation mechanism: conduct country-wide humanitarian assessments (UN-Government-NGOs). Impact assessment: preparation (OCHA) of the DRC’s comprehensive humanitarian profile in June 1999.
Sectors to be Addressed and Operational Objectives by Sector
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) The number of IDPs is believed to have almost tripled since the outbreak of hostilities in the DRC and is estimated to have reached the level of 500,000 persons scattered in North and South Kivu, Orientale, Maniema, Kasai, Equateur and Katanga provinces. In rebel-held areas, the current conflict is marked by patterns some of which are similar to those that affected humanitarian action during the 1996-1997 war in former Zaire, i.e. all communities of Northern and Southern Kivu are considered - and consider themselves as - collective targets for military attacks. Massive, durable displacements are expected to have been amplified during the last three months. The situation is usually different in other parts of the DRC, where the populations are only afraid of looting and side-effects of military confrontations. Thus, they only leave their houses for as long as fighting, looting or take-over of a town will
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED16 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 16 last at local level. Based upon the constraints analysis, the CHAP foresees to reach and assist 250,000 IDPs country-wide.
Operational Objectives Locate and evaluate the conditions of the displaced communities, negotiate/establish regular access; provide emergency humanitarian assistance, including food and non-food items distributions, basic shelter; promote the local capacity for food production; return for long-term displaced communities and support the re-integration and economic recovery for those who are already returning. In a preventive sense, in areas beleaguered by ethnic conflict (Kivu region) help policies of national reconciliation through rehabilitation projects geared to reducing ethnic tension.
Refugees The protection and delivery of assistance to refugees, which in normal times is difficult in the DRC, became exceptionally complicated when the conflict erupted in August. In particular, ongoing military conflict created serious difficulty for the delivery of assistance and protection of the approximate 250,000 Angolan, Sudanese, Burundi, Rwandan, and Ugandan refugees in the DRC. The conflict also resulted in ceasing the repatriation operation of Congolese from Tanzania, with several of the refugees who have recently returned having again fled back to Tanzania. In addition, at the time of the outbreak of the conflict UNHCR was establishing a camp for 20,000 Burundi refugees in South Kivu. With the outbreak of the conflict and subsequent withdraw of UNHCR from Uvira, the programme ceased and the refugees have again scattered.
Operational Objectives To facilitate the repatriation and reintegration of 87,000 Congolese from neighbouring countries to all areas in the DRC. To ensure assistance and protection for the approximate 11,000 Burundi refugees in the DRC, including 600 in Mbuji Mayi with the remainder in South Kivu. Delivery of assistance to Angolan and Sudanese refugees is also an objective, but as previously mentioned covered under a different programme and presented in UNHCR’s 1999 Global Appeal.
Food Security Overall food security in the DRC continues to deteriorate and the net agricultural output from one unit cultivated land steadily diminishes. In addition to chronic economic and land management problems, the last two turbulent years in the DRC accelerated the decline in the agricultural sector. The ongoing military conflict is causing devastating damages to farmers and to agricultural infrastructure. Marauding, destruction of crops and commercial and individual food reserves, displacement of mostly rural communities from large areas, severe shortages of agricultural inputs, a standstill of commercial exchanges, destruction of port facilities in Matadi, weakened food import/export operations, etc. are all the results of the ongoing hostilities in the DRC.
Operational Objectives Distribute seed and tool kits amongst IDPs and communities hosting them; distribute seed and tool kits to returnees; distribute market gardening seeds in suburban areas of Kinshasa, Bukavu, Kisangani, Goma, Kananga and Lubumbashi, distribute agricultural tools in regions which are impenetrable for commercial exchanges; urgently vaccinate the remaining livestock in the DRC.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED17 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 17 Health/Nutrition The degradation of the health care system in the DRC continued at an accelerated rate throughout 1998. In addition to already dilapidated health infrastructure, chronic absence of investments and qualified specialists, a large number of health institutions, including those rehabilitated by relief agencies in 1997/98 was looted or severely damaged in Orientale, North and South Kivu, Maniema and Bas Congo provinces. The health care management system is paralysed in many provinces as a number of qualified specialists (e.g. Chief Provincial Doctors) fled the war-affected regions. A sharp increase in epidemic diseases, such as cholera, measles, polio, meningitis, is being observed in all provinces of DRC. Due to the collapse of related public health programmes, endemic diseases such as trypanosomiasis, onchocercosis have become epidemic in the province of Equateur, Kasai, Bas Congo and Bandundu. This health situation reflects that thirty-four percent of the country’s population suffers from moderate and severe malnutrition. This percentage is believed to be especially high amongst the displaced children and women.
Operational Objectives Replenish the stocks of essential pharmaceuticals in health institutions throughout the country; resume health information system (including epidemiological surveillance/control of epidemics) to be able to provide proper feed back in public health problems; resume vaccination campaigns; furnish the health institutions in war-affected provinces and Kinshasa with surgical and blood transfusion equipment; rehabilitate water-supply systems in the hospitals of Kinshasa and other war-affected provinces; set-up nutritional rehabilitation centres for the displaced communities.
Protection of Children The DRC was one of the first countries to sign and ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child, affirming the rights of all children to survival, protection, development and participation. However, children continue to be the primary victims of war, inter-ethnic conflict, and socio-economic decline.
The conflict which began in August 1998 increased the numbers of children in need of special protection measures, especially displaced children, unaccompanied minors and refugee children, child soldiers and other young children traumatised and affected by armed conflict. The care and protection of children in armed conflict, and the non-recruitment of children under 15 years is mandated in the Convention, especially in Articles 38 and 39. Yet, thousands of children between the ages of 9-16 years were again recruited into the armed forces all over the country since August 1998, by both parties to the conflict. The demobilisation and reintegration of child soldiers into civil society in 1999, like the non-recruitment of minors under 16 years old, is a priority for the restoration of peace and stability in the country. In addition, it is estimated that there are still some 3,000 number of unaccompanied refugee children in DRC, including about 1,500 in North Kivu, 500 in South Kivu, 500 in the Kasai, and 500 in Province Orientale. The protection, tracing, reunification, and repatriation of these Unaccompanied Children (UACs) is a humanitarian and urgent priority.
Operational Objectives Child Soldiers: a) To advocate for the non-recruitment of children under 16 years, with preference to children over 18 years; b) To advocate for and support the demobilisation of child soldiers and assist their reintegration into civil society.
UAC/displaced children: To have access to and provide care (including psycho-social support) and protection to UACs and displaced children; To implement tracing activities to identify UAC refugee and displaced children and reunify with families; To repatriate UAC
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED18 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 18 refugee children.
Children Affected by War To reinforce basic services for children (health, education) in areas affected by conflict, displacement and looting; To provide psycho-social support for children traumatised by war; To implement peace education initiatives.
Human Rights, Peace and Reconciliation Several positive developments in the domain of human rights and national reconciliation occurred in the DRC during the first eight months of 1998, such as creation of the Ministry for Human Rights; creation and active work of national reconciliation commissions; proliferation of independent media, registration of several human rights NGOs and civic groups, etc. The ongoing war in the eastern provinces of the DRC jeopardised most of the positive trends in the human rights situation and created an atmosphere of inter-ethnic intolerance. Mass killings, forcible deportation of communities, arbitrary arrests, detentions, inhumane and degrading treatment of community leaders and other individuals are being reported in war-affected areas of the DRC. Physical security of ethnic minorities in both sides of the frontline is endangered.
Operational Objectives Establish monitoring/advocacy mechanisms in North and South Kivu, carry-out mass information campaigns to reduce inter-ethnic antagonisms in the Congolese society; support human rights, NGOs and civic groups, support the Government’s efforts in reforming the judicial system.
Coordination, Capacity-Building and Security Management The overall in-country coordination of humanitarian aspects falls under the UN Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator in the DRC. Close links are being maintained with the Representative of the Secretary-General and Regional Humanitarian Adviser for the Great Lakes and Central Africa, based in Nairobi as well as with Humanitarian Coordinators in Kigali, Bujumbura, Kampala, Brazzaville and Luanda. While matters related to strategic coordination of humanitarian interventions and development of humanitarian strategies are the prerogative of the UN country management team, based in Kinshasa, the operational coordination arrangement will be delegated to UN field offices in the country or temporary relocated in the operational bases of the neighbouring countries. UN-Red Cross Movement-NGO coordination matters are handled by a Technical Committee on Humanitarian Assistance (TCHA) which was established within the framework of UN Disaster Management Programme.
The cooperation between the Government of the DRC, represented by line Ministries and specialised institutions, and the UN system significantly improved, especially after the Kinshasa crisis, when effective coordination and crisis management capacity was built within the structures of the DRC Government. Yet, to ensure legitimacy and efficiency, it needs both external and internal support.
All matters related to the security of the relief staff, both national and international in Kinshasa and in the field are dealt with by the UN Country Designated Official, who in turn appoints area designated officials. Each operational base will be equipped with one Security Officer who will assist the designated officials in taking necessary measures to protect the security of field staff and maintain adequate safety norms for humanitarian operations.
The Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN)
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED19 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 19 IRIN Central and East Africa (CEA), based in Nairobi, has supported coordination efforts by facilitating wider access to information and promoting information exchanges amongst personnel from UN Agencies and departments, NGOs, international organisations, donor countries, governments, academia and the media. A main objective of the Network is to foster greater awareness of the issues and underlying causes of conflict in the region. In this way, it has been possible to facilitate shared analysis of evolving events amongst the wider humanitarian community and achieve consensus on appropriate responses.
In 1999 IRIN CEA will continue to work closely with the UN system and other humanitarian partners to monitor and report on ongoing emergencies and their effect on neighbouring countries, as well as new crisis. A variety of information products will also be introduced to further enhance information sharing and to ensure access to relevant information for the wider humanitarian community. These include closer ties to OCHA’s humanitarian website, ReliefWeb, which will enable those with access to the Internet to receive enhanced IRIN reports with more graphics, maps and photographs.
The 1999 activities and financial requirements of the four IRIN offices are reflected in a separate appeal document. Thus, the individual regional or country Consolidated Appeals do not include the costs of IRIN pertaining to their respective areas.
Operational Objectives Ensure an effective operational and strategic coordination between the UN Agencies, Government of the DRC, Red Cross Movement and NGOs and donor community; monitor, analyse and report on issues pertinent to humanitarian situation; advocate for respect of humanitarian principles; ensure continuity of contingency planning process; provide necessary support to the Government’s Humanitarian Affairs Coordination institutions and line Ministries, reinforce the capacities of the civil society; ensure adequate security for the relief staff and humanitarian operations.
Criteria for Prioritisation Prioritisation criteria developed by the inter-agency working group are based on sector, need, and capacity-analysis and are designed to establish a project selection mechanism for short-term operational goal throughout the period of the appeal- January- June 1999.
The programmes/projects developed for the period of the appeal should be:
Impact-oriented and measurable;
· Attainable within limited capacities and time-frame;
· Non-reliant on large human resources and material investments;
· Adaptable to logistical constraints;
· Flexible to changing political environment and mobility of the population;
· Sensitive to complex inter-ethnic situation;
· Balanced towards populations in both sides of the frontline;
· Oriented to crisis prevention rather than to response to the consequences of crises;
· Complementary to interventions of other participating agencies and Government
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED20 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 20 institutions;
· Foreseeing alternative implementation arrangements/modalities;
· Defining the opportunity costs; · Promoting self-sustainability and non-dependency on the external aid;
· Envisaging community participation.
Relationship with Other Assistance Programmes Necessary linkages and coordination arrangements will be maintained between the UN Agencies participating in the CHAP and the humanitarian and development organisations and donor agencies present in the DRC in order to avoid overlap of efforts and amplify the impact of activities. The activities of the following partners are taken into consideration while finalising the CHAP.
Food Security: UNDP/UNOPS country-wide “Re-launch of Agriculture in the DRC” programme; World Bank- Micro-credits in agricultural sector; emergency feeding projects implemented under ECHO funding by AICF, Malteser, bi-lateral donors etc.
IDPs and Refugees: ICRC; bi-lateral donors
Health/Nutrition/Water/Sanitation: PATS, ECHO, BDOM, MSF, Medical Emergency Relief International (MERLIN), Memisa, OXFAM, ICRC, Action Internationale Contre la Faim (AICF), Handicap International, bi-lateral donors;
Epidemiological surveillance: FOMETRO, EPICENTRE
Protection of children and women: Save the Children Fund, ICRC
Human Rights, Peace and Reconciliation:European Commission, ICRC, bi-lateral donors; Coordination and Capacity Building- ECHO, USAID and HAC/Presidency
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED21 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 21
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED22 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 22 SECTORAL PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS
Prioritisation Criteria and Process Prioritisation criteria developed by the inter-agency working group are based on sector, need, and capacity analysis and are designed to establish a project selection mechanism for short-term operational goal throughout the period of the appeal- January- June 1999. The programmes/projects developed for the period of the appeal should be: Impact oriented and measurable; attainable within limited capacities and time; adaptable to logistical constraints; flexible to changing political environment and mobility of the population; sensitive to complex inter-ethnic situation; balanced towards populations in both sides of the frontline; complementary to interventions of other participating agencies and Government institutions; foreseeing alternative implementation arrangements-modalities; defining the opportunity costs; promoting self-sustainability and non-dependency on the external aid.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED23 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 23
Table II : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Appealing Agency January - June 1999
Cod Appealing Agency / Activity Requir e ement s (US$)
WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME
DRC Support to IDPs and returnees in DRC 1,042,1 -01 (airlift of 1,226 Mts of food aid) 00
DRC Assistance to Angolan refugees 3,685,8 -06 98
DRC Airlift of food commodities and 529,01 -12 pre-positioning of food stocks 9
Sub-Total 5,257,0 17
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES
DRC Assistance to Burundian and Rwandan 3,507,0 -05 refugees in the DRC and repatriation 19 of about 87,000 Congolese refugees from more than 10 African countries of asylum
UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND
DRC Assistance for vulnerable children 700,00 -02 and women in displaced communities 0
DRC Vaccination and support to primary 1,800,0 -07 health services 00
DRC Nutrition 650,00 -08 0
DRC Protection of children in difficult 1,100,0 -15 circumstances 00
DRC Reintegration of child soldiers 750,00 -16 0
Sub-Total 5,000,0 00
24
Table II : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Appealing Agency January - June 1999
Cod Appealing Agency / Activity Requir e ement s (US$)
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
DRC Emergency rehabilitation of basic 2,360, -04 infrastructure in IDP sites 250
DRC Emergency provision of agriculture 779,00 -14 inputs for an improved food security 0 in Kinshasa
DRC Peace-building and conflict 540,10 -18 prevention mechanisms in selected 0 towns of the DRC
DRC Support to DRC Government’s 174,90 -23 humanitarian coordination 0 institutions
DRC Security of the relief staff in the 602,00 -26 DRC 0
Sub-Total 4,456, 250
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
DRC Emergency assistance to displaced 1,840,0 -03 populations and host communities 00
DRC Emergency assistance to cattle 450,00 -10 vaccination campaign in Ituri Region 0
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (continued)
DRC Emergency provision of agricultural 860,00 -11 tools 0
DRC Emergency distribution of vegetable 450,00 -13 seeds in the suburban areas 0
DRC Provision of technical advice and 205,00 -22 support to coordination of 0 emergency humanitarian assistance in the agricultural sector
Sub-Total 3,805,0
25
Table II : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Appealing Agency January - June 1999
Cod Appealing Agency / Activity Requir e ement s (US$)
00
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
DRC Epidemiological surveillance and 1,034,0 -09 epidemics management (Early 30 warning system, investigation and response)
DRC Monitoring health situation 427,18 -21 0
Sub-Total 1,461, 210
OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
DRC Monitoring of human rights situation 1,255,0 -17 in the eastern provinces of the DRC 00
DRC Legal assistance to the victims of 360,00 -19 human rights violations 0
DRC Consolidation of civil society’s role 400,00 -24 in the democratic transition process 0
DRC Reinforcement of capacities of 234,00 -25 independent media 0
Sub-Total 2,249, 000
OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS
DRC Support for the coordination of 412,37 -20 humanitarian aid 1
GRAND TOTAL 26,147,867
26
27
Table III : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Sector January - June 1999
Cod Sector / Activity Appe Requir e aling ements Agen (US$) cy
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
DRC Support to IDPs and WFP 1,042,1 -01 returnees in DRC (airlift) 00
DRC Assistance for vulnerable UNICE 700,000 -02 children and women in F displaced communities
DRC Emergency assistance to FAO 1,840,0 -03 displaced populations and 00 host communities
DRC Emergency rehabilitation UNDP 2,360,2 -04 of basic infrastructure in 50 IDP sites
Sub-Total 5,942,3 50
REFUGEES
DRC Assistance to Burundian and UNHC 3,507,0 -05 Rwandan refugees in the DRC R 19 and repatriation of about 87,000 Congolese refugees from more than 10 African countries of asylum
DRC Assistance to Angolan WFP 3,685,8 -06 refugees 98
Sub-Total 7,192,9 17
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
DRC Vaccination and support to UNICE 1,800,0 -07 primary health services F 00
DRC Nutrition UNICE 650,000 -08 F
28
Table III : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Sector January - June 1999
Cod Sector / Activity Appe Requir e aling ements Agen (US$) cy DRC Epidemiological WHO 1,034,0 -09 surveillance and epidemics 30 management (Early warning system, investigation and response)
Sub-Total 3,484,0 30
FOOD SECURITY
DRC Emergency assistance to FAO 450,000 -10 cattle vaccination campaign in Ituri Region
DRC Emergency provision of FAO 860,000 -11 agricultural tools
DRC Airlift of food commodities WFP 529,019 -12 and pre-positioning of food stocks
DRC Emergency distribution of FAO 450,000 -13 vegetable seeds in the suburban areas
DRC Emergency provision of UNDP 779,00 -14 agriculture inputs for an 0 improved food security in Kinshasa
Sub-Total 3,068,0 19
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
DRC Protection of children in UNICE 1,100,0 -15 difficult circumstances F 00
DRC Reintegration of child UNICE 750,000 -16 soldiers F
Sub-Total 1,850,0 00
29
Table III : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Sector January - June 1999
Cod Sector / Activity Appe Requir e aling ements Agen (US$) cy
HUMAN RIGHTS, PEACE AND RECONCILIATION
DRC Monitoring of human rights OHCH 1,255,0 -17 situation in the eastern R 00 provinces of the DRC
DRC Peace-building and conflict UNDP 540,100 -18 prevention mechanisms in selected towns of the DRC
DRC Legal assistance to the OHCH 360,000 -19 victims of human rights R violations
Sub-Total 2,155,1 00
COORDINATION, CAPACITY BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
DRC Support for the OCHA 412,371 -20 coordination of humanitarian aid
DRC Monitoring health situation WHO 427,180 -21
DRC Provision of technical FAO 205,000 -22 advice and support to coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance in the agricultural sector
DRC Support to DRC Government’s UNDP 174,900 -23 humanitarian coordination institutions
DRC Consolidation of civil OHCH 400,000 -24 society’s role in the R democratic transition process
DRC Reinforcement of OHCH 234,000 -25 capacities of independent R
30
Table III : 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of Project Activities - By Sector January - June 1999
Cod Sector / Activity Appe Requir e aling ements Agen (US$) cy media
DRC Security of the relief staff UNDP 602,00 -26 in the DRC 0
Sub-Total 2,455,4 51
GRAND TOTAL 26,147,867
31 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Appealing Agency: World Food Programme
Activity: Support to IDPs and Returnees in DRC (Airlift of 1,226 Mts food aid)
Code: DRC-99-1/N01
Target Population: 250,000 IDPs in Kisangani, Bunia, Buta, Goma, Rutshuru, Bukavu, Uvira, Fizi, Kalemie & Kindu and returnees from neighboring countries (Sudan etc..)
Implementing Agencies: World Vision, Caritas, Action Contre la Faim
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To provide assistance to IDPs and returnees in cooperation with Government, implementing partners and other UN Agencies, in order to meet their basic food needs and ensure that malnutrition is kept at a minimum during the transition from emergency to rehabilitation.
Funds Requested: US$ 1,042,100
SUMMARY The outbreak of the armed conflict in DRC in August 1998 has caused thousands of people to flee from their homes. The number and exact location of most of the IDPs remain difficult to assess due to the prevailing insecurity. However, according to various sources including Government, church organisations, UN Agencies and NGOs, the number of IDPs is estimated at 500,000 country-wide, of whom 250,000 could be reached and assisted during the period of this Appeal. The caseloads includes groups that fled their homes during the 1996/1997 war, as well as the displaced from the current upheaval. Most of the IDPs are said to be surviving in insecure rural areas with many of them spending long periods in the dense forest to avoid fighting. With the shortage of food supply and limited movements, displaced persons are in dire situation. In view of this situation, the Government and the humanitarian agencies concur to provide relief assistance to IDPs country-wide, including those located in rebel-controlled areas. WFP endeavours to meet the basic food requirements of the most vulnerable groups and individuals and ensure that malnutrition is kept at a minimum during the transition from emergency to rehabilitation. Women will be given priority in access to food and rehabilitation plans.
32 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
BUDGET ITEMS MTS x US$ MTS US$
Cereals 18,000 x 180 3,240,000
Pulses 5,400 x 430 2,322,000
Oil 900 x 840 756,000
HEB 375 x 1,500 562,500
Sub-Total 24,675 6,880,500
Ocean Freight, Insurance and Superintendence 1,984,363
LTSH Costs 4,095,216
Airlift 1,226 MTS x US$ 850 1,042,100
Direct Support Costs 1,464,560
Indirect Support Costs 1,024,129
TOTAL 16,564,877
TOTAL REQUESTED 1,042,100
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED33 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 33 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Appealing Agency: United Nations Children’s Fund
Activity: Assistance for vulnerable children and women in displaced communities
Code: DRC-99-1/N02
Target Population: IDPs, returnees and local affected women and children in Orientale, Kivu and Katanga provinces.
Implementing Agencies: UNICEF, local and national authorities, in collaboration with UNHCR, other UN Agencies and NGO partners
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To improve the survival chances and living conditions for vulnerable displaced children and affected populations.
Funds Requested: US$ 700,000
SUMMARY UNICEF will ensure essential drugs and medical services for the neediest internally displaced families. UNICEF will strive to ensure that displaced children and women, and affected host communities have access to potable water (water treatment chemicals, storage containers) and adequate sanitary means.
Similarly, UNICEF will assist displaced families and local affected populations through the revitalisation of essential social services (health, immunisations, psycho-social care, and schools).
Supplies will be pre-positioned in key locations in order to respond rapidly at the onset of sudden population movements or other emergency situations
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Essential Relief and Sanitation Supplies for Water Treatment 450,000
Technical Assistance and Capacity-Building 50,000
Logistics (airlifts, inland transport) and Support Costs 200,000
TOTAL 700,000
NB: Donations-in-kind, especially health kits, ORS, UNIMIX, BP-5, therapeutic milk, school supplies, and flights (freight), are a valued support.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED34 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 34 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Appealing Agency: Food and Agriculture Organization
Activity: Emergency assistance to displaced populations and host communities
Code DRC-99-1/N03
Target population: 250,000 IDPs (50 000 vulnerable households) and other war-affected persons in Kivu, Orientale, Katanga, Maniema, Equateur and Bas Congo Provinces
Implementing Agencies: FAO in collaboration with UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP and International Non-Governmental Organisation (INGO)
Time frame: January - June 1999
Objective: Provide the affected populations with seeds and tools for resumption of agricultural activities (planting season- February 1999).
Funds requested: US$ 1,840,000
SUMMARY Two consecutive wars in 1996-1997 and in 1998 caused a large number of people to flee their home communities and find refuge in relatively safe areas. Usually the displaced left behind all their belongings and, in particular their equipment for survival, such as agricultural tools and seeds.
The displaced are being hosted in other rural communities whose capacity for agricultural production is already extremely weak because of continued economic crisis, severe shortages of agricultural inputs and ongoing hostilities. The whole agricultural production system is therefore on the verge of collapse, as the output dramatically diminishes and the demand for basic produce is almost doubling in the host communities. The most critical issue is the availability of agricultural inputs.
The project will distribute essential kits of 10 kg of legume seeds (beans, groundnut or niebe depending on soil/climate characteristics of selected areas) and 10 kg of cereal seeds (maize, rice, sorghum, depending on nutritional habits and soil/climate characteristics of a given area). In addition, each family will receive a hoe. The project will target 50,000 vulnerable households.
Priorities will be determined taking into consideration availability and access to resources, as well as the food security situation prevailing at provincial level. The activities will be coordinated by the agencies involved in the selected areas.
The selection of project beneficiaries among IDPs and host communities will be based on vulnerability criteria and will aim to prevent any potential conflict between the two groups.
The supplies will be procured in the region using FAO’s procurement service facilities and will be distributed in close collaboration with local and international NGOs and community-based associations in accordance with plans prepared in consultation with the emergency humanitarian assistance unit of the Presidency. Special care will be taken to avoid
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED35 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 35 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS weakening the self-organisation and solidarity mechanisms developed by the population over pas years.
The expected return of investing US$ 1,840,000 in this project over a six-month period is US$ 7,500,000 of food aid equivalent saved (representing an cost benefit ratio of 1:4).
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Agricultural Inputs 1,450,000 - 500 MTS legume seeds at US$ 1,700/MTS - 500 MTS cereal seeds at US$ 900/MTS - 50,000 hoes at US$ 3 each
General and Direct Operating Costs 390,000 (including technical assistance, internal transport, handling, storage and monitoring)
TOTAL 1,840,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED36 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 36 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Appealing Agency: United Nations Development Programme
Activity: Emergency rehabilitation of basic infrastructure in IDP sites
Code: DRC-99-1/N04
Target Population: 250,000 IDPs and other war-affected persons in Kivu, Orientale, Katanga, Maniema, Equateur and Bas Congo provinces
Implementing Agencies: Local and International NGOs, in cooperation with UN partners
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To restore community infrastructure in areas of return (schools, provincial hospitals and roads) in areas of return (Maniema, Bas Congo, Kasai, Katanga, Orientale, and Kivu provinces). To strengthen local basic services in areas affected by prolonged presence of displaced populations (Katanga and Kasai)
Funds Requested: US$ 2,360,250
SUMMARY In a volatile environment marked by repeated looting and displacement, those areas which are chosen as safe havens by the affected populations must become new starting points for more durable assistance than mere life-saving activities.
Target populations are IDPs who returned home and host communities in areas of IDP’s sustained presence. Through a joint selection and planning process with other UN Agencies and local authorities, collective structures will be physically rehabilitated by UNDP while material and technical support will be provided by UN and NGO partners. Roads essential for humanitarian assistance will be repaired. Implementation, monitoring capacities will be secured through additional presence on the ground and coordinated efforts among UN partners (also, strengthened provincial Crisis Committees will help complement and harmonise rehabilitation initiatives). For its part, UNDP will rely on action-oriented funding and disbursement mechanisms.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED37 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 37 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
3 Field Rehabilitation Officers (international) 193,650
3 National Assistants 21,600
Physical Rehabilitation of Community Infrastructure: Schools, Provincial 1,600,000 Hospitals, Basic Road Infrastructure (labour and material inputs)
Logistics 180,000
Monitoring and Basic Office Costs 150,000
Administrative Support Costs (10 percent) 215,000
TOTAL 2,360,250
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED38 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 38 REFUGEES
Appealing Agency: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Activity: Assistance to Burundian and Rwandan refugees in the DRC and repatriation of about 87,000 Congolese refugees from more than 10 African countries of asylum
Code: DRC-99-1/N05
Target Population: 11,600 Burundian and Rwandan refugees in the DRC and 87,000 Congolese refugees in third countries
Implementing Agencies: UNHCR, local and international NGOs
Time Frame: January to December 1999
Objectives: To facilitate the repatriation of those refugees willing to return, to provide basic assistance to those remaining and - whenever local integration is not possible - relocate them to sites which will be identified together with the local authorities.
To assist in the repatriation of Congolese refugees, to provide basic assistance at transit centres and a repatriation package.
Funds Requested: US$ 3,507,019
SUMMARY Following the attack to the Bujumbura airport by the rebel forces on the 1 January 1998, approximately 11,000 Burundian crossed the DRC border and found refuge in Kiliba, Ndunda, Rusabagi and Sange in the Uvira territory. UNHCR estimated the presence of several other groups of Burundian refugees hiding in the surrounding of the same locations. NGOs report about 20,000 Burundian refugees present in South Kivu and UNHCR is currently assisting 600 Burundian refugees in Mbuji Mayi (Kasai Oriental). South Kivu is presently occupied by the rebel forces. Reports depicting a very critical situation of the Burundian refugees in South Kivu are reaching UNHCR.
This project aims at providing assistance to these different refugee groups still present in the Kivu, Maniema and Kasai Oriental Provinces; to facilitate repatriation of those willing to return; to organise a more medium-long term care and maintenance type of assistance leading to local settlement for those refugees remaining in DRC.
During the war of 1996 several thousand of Congolese fled from former Zaire seeking refuge in several African Countries. Once the new Republic was established in May 1997 UNHCR offices in Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Angola, Tanzania and other countries were approached by Congolese refugees asking for assistance to return to their home country. A programme of repatriation was put in place to be implemented in 1998. Unfortunately the events of August 1998 disrupted the plans and made only few repatriations possible.
A sizeable caseload of about 87,000 refugees have expressed their wish of repatriation. The project foresees to provide basic assistance to returnees in several transit centres organised throughout the country depending on the refugees entry points. The centres will consist of medical teams, sanitation facilities, and shelters. A repatriation package will be distributed to all returnees leaving the transit centres to their final destination. The package include seeds,
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED39 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 39 REFUGEES tools, food rations and domestic items. Some small scale quick impact projects (QUIPS) in the field of the rehabilitation of socio-economic infrastructures are foreseen in the locations of return to help the reintegration of returnees and contribute to the reconciliation of communities.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Provision of complementary food for malnourished children and 222,952 hospitalised refugees and purchase of basic and complementary commodities for vulnerable groups
Transport of refugees to sites and back to their home countries, transport 1,940,450 of food items from EDPs to the distribution sites, transport (national and international) of non-food items, and from host countries to villages of destination in the DRC
Provision of water at way stations, refugee sites and transit centres 43,162 (upgrade of water sources, rehabilitation of water systems), latrine construction and maintenance
Provision of domestic items, seeds and tools 130,069
Provision of drugs, medical transfer to hospitals, medical teams at sites, 75,036 supplementary feeding for malnourished children, health centres rehabilitation. Medical assistance to returnees at the transit centres and purchase of seeds and tools part of their reintegration package.
Transit centres and sites construction and management (sanitation 94,284 facilities included)
Assistance to unaccompanied minors, women and handicapped refugees. 235,980 Assistance to the education of refugee children, basic schools repair
Income generating activities 37,000
Environmental activities 8,000
Protection of refugee rights and promotion of reconciliation programmes, 108,731 registration fees. Cost related to issue ID cards to returnees, registration activities and organization of tripartite meetings.
QUIPS 300,000
Management costs 311,355
TOTAL 3,507,019 4
4 This budget presents UNHCR’s 1999 Operational requirements (January-December) in DRC, which form part of UNHCR’s regional Great Lakes Operation. The UNHCR Great Lakes Operation is comprehensively presented in the United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Countries of the Great Lakes Region and Central Africa as well as in the UNHCR 1999 Global Appeal. The UNHCR budget presented in the Consolidated Appeal for the region and the UNHCR 1999 Global Appeal therefore include the above budget.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED40 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 40 REFUGEES
Appealing Agency: World Food Programme
Activity: Assistance to Angolan refugees
Code: DRC-99-1/N06
Target Population: 46,000 beneficiaries (40,000 Angolan refugees and 6,000 local populations)
Implementing Agencies: Local authorities, WFP, UNHCR and NGOs
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To provide assistance to refugees and support to rehabilitation works.
Funds Requested: US$ 3,685,898
SUMMARY Conflict, insecurity and political instability in Angola prompted thousands of people to seek asylum in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Significant number of refugees continue to arrive in the area, with a total of 40,000 as at 27/10/1998. The refugees are hosted in three provinces as per the following breakdown: in the West , 4,000 and 6,000 in Bandundu and Bas-congo respectively and 30,000 in Katanga in the South-west The local communities have been supportive to the refugees when they first came in. However, due to reduced productive agriculture and overall financial crisis prevailing in the area, the usual solidarity is fading out . Many of them are now in very poor nutritional condition. Also, cases of severe malnutrition have been identified in refugee-hosting communities.
Given the above situation, WFP will focus its intervention on two areas: provision of food aid to the refugees pending repatriation and assistance to redress the negative impact of refugees on the local population. For the host communities, WFP will target 6,000 recipients through food-for-work projects to assist with environment recovery, road repair, food security related activities and nutritional assistance to vulnerable groups. In an effort to strengthen the role of women in the rehabilitation process, a particular effort will be made to work with women’s groups.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED41 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 41 REFUGEES
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
BUDGET ITEMS MTS x US$ MTS US$
Cereals 3,312 x 245 811,500
Pulses 1,026 x 473 484,950
Oil 213 x 930 198,200
Salt 36 x 200 7,200
Blended Food 216 x 318 68,688
Sugar 22 x 350 7,700
Sub-Total 4,825 1,578,238
Ocean Freight, Insurance and Superintendence Costs 448,435
LTSH Costs 1,015,663
Direct Support Costs 434,926
Indirect Support Costs 208,636
TOTAL 3,685,898
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED42 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 42 HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Appealing Agency: United Nations Children’s Fund
Activity: Vaccination and support to primary health services
Code: DRC-99-1/N07
Target Population: IDPs, returned Congolese refugees and affected host community populations, with a particular emphasis on women and children in conflict-affected areas
Implementing Agencies: UNICEF, local and regional health authorities, in collaboration with WHO, other UN and NGOs partners
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity and meet the basic health needs of affected populations
Funds Requested: US$ 1,800,000
SUMMARY UNICEF priority health activities in 1999 will focus on immunisation through local vaccination campaigns; and provision of PHC services through the reinforcement of activities in key health centres and maternity centres affected by war.
UNICEF will provide vaccines, vaccination supplies, Vitamin A and basic cold-chain materials for polio/measles vaccination campaigns with Vitamin A distribution, to increase immunisation coverage and prevent outbreaks of epidemics, and revitalise the immunisation programme.
Health centres and hospitals which were looted or destroyed during the conflict need to be re-equipped in order to address the primary health needs of affected populations. Essential drugs and equipment, including basic maternity and surgical materials will be distributed to health centres and selected reference hospitals in areas affected by conflict or displacement.
UNICEF will strengthen its collaboration with local authorities, UN Agencies (WHO, UNFPA) and NGO partners in order to improve PHC services, epidemic prevention and control, and ensure a rapid response to health-related emergencies.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED43 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 43 HEALTH AND NUTRITION
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Vaccination Campaigns, Vaccines and Materials 500,000
Essential Drugs and Medical Equipment 750,000
Reinforcement of Services/training/capacity-building 250,000
Logistics (airlifts/transport and distribution) and Support Costs 300,000
TOTAL 1,800,000 NB: Donations-in-kind, especially health kits, ORS, UNIMIX, BP-5, therapeutic milk, school supplies, and flights (freight), are a valued support.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED44 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 44 HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Appealing Agency: United Nations Children’s Fund
Activity: Nutrition
Code: DRC-99-1/N08
Target Population: Children and pregnant/lactating women in areas affected by conflict and displacement
Implementing Agencies: UNICEF, local and regional authorities, in collaboration with WHO, WFP, FAO, NGOs
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To improve nutritional status of women and children in affected areas. To support assessments of household food security and child nutritional status in selected areas. To provide assistance to nutrition rehabilitation centres.
Funds Requested: US$ 650,000
SUMMARY Conflict, insecurity and political instability in Eastern DRC have led to a deterioration in the nutritional situation of children and women.
UNICEF will conduct surveys and assessment to monitor the nutritional situation in affected areas. In areas affected by inter-ethnic conflict and displacement, UNICEF will continue to support supplementary feeding and nutrition rehabilitation centres for malnourished children through the provision of therapeutic milk, high protein biscuits, feeding kits and cooking sets.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Food Supplements, Equipment 350,000
Support Feeding Centres and Nutritional Surveillance 150,000
Logistics (airlifts/transport and distribution) and Support Costs 150,000
TOTAL 650,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED45 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 45 HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Appealing Agency : World Health Organization
Activity : Epidemiological surveillance and epidemics management (Early warning system, investigation and response)
Code : DRC-99-1/N09
Target Population: Population of 11 provinces of the DRC (Bandundu, Western and Eastern Kasai, North am South Kivu, Bas-Congo, Kinshasa, Maniema, Oriental, Equateur)
Implementing Agencies: WHO, Ministry of Health DRC and NGOs
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To monitor trends of communicable diseases and ensure timely response to epidemics; To strengthen the diagnostic capacity of health districts and national laboratory for surveillance goals including Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) infection; To provide technical support to the national and provincial humanitarian coordination committee.
Funds Requested: US$ 1,034,030
SUMMARY Since 1994, DRC has experienced various epidemics such as cholera, dysentery, meningitis, measles, poliomyelitis, plague , viral haemorrhagic fever and monkey pox. In 1998, outbreaks of cholera, meningitis, polio, dysentery have been notified and controlled in some provinces such as Katanga, Oriental, Northern and Southern Kivu, Western Kasai and Eastern Kasai, Bandundu and Bas Congo.
More than 20,000 new cases of HIV infection are being identified each year and estimates suggest that this figure is on the conservative side. A lack of HIV screening possibilities was noted during the rapid assessment conducted in Kinshasa and Bas Congo by UN Agencies in August 1998.
Since 1997, WHO has supported the Ministry of health in building an early warning system through the establishment of seven epidemiological surveillance sub-offices (Bukavu, Goma, Kikwit, Mbandaka, Lubumbashi, Kananga, Kisangani) headed by a National Public Health Officer /Epidemiologist . These sub-offices remained operational during the crisis and will continue to provide technical support to the provincial health authorities NGOs and UN Agencies. Regular and comprehensive information is required to monitor the trends of communicable diseases and epidemics and respond adequately as needed. A list of 13 potential high risk epidemic diseases was established at national level, 10 among them are endemic. WHO sub-offices in Oriental (Kisangani), North (Goma) and South Kivu (Bukavu) currently are not accessible from Kinshasa. Therefore, alternative WHO operational bases are being established. WHO intends to expand its sub-offices network to Eastern Kasai, Kinshasa and Bas Congo provinces in the course of 1999. On the other hand, the existing emergency sub-committee composed of WHO, UNICEF, UNHCR, MSF/B, EPICENTRE, MSF/F, Memisa, ISA and Health authorities, will continue to handle rumours and intends to widen its terms of reference to cover other public health issues. Since the occurrence of
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED46 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 46 HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Ebola haemorrhagic fever epidemic in Kikwit region, an Inter-agency Coordination Committee (ICC) has been formed and is headed by WHO. This committee is composed of UN Agencies, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, national and international NGOs and continue to provide support to the national health authorities in coordinating and mobilising resources to address public health problems of national concern.
Under this project, WHO will ensure water quality control (bacteriological and chemical) as a component of epidemiological surveillance.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Investigations of Outbreaks 250,000
Epidemic Management (lab. reagents, vaccines, specific drugs, water quality control) 441,500
Coordination, Supervision, Monitoring, Job Training, Evaluation 224,000
Logistic Support 60,000
Programme Support Costs (6 percent) 58,530
TOTAL 1,034,030
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED47 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 47 FOOD SECURITY
Appealing Agency: Food and Agriculture Organization
Activity: Emergency assistance to cattle vaccination campaign in Ituri Region
Code: DRC-99-1/N10
Target population: 16 000 households dependent on cattle breeding
Implementing Agencies: FAO in collaboration with Ituri Breeders Cooperative Association
Time Frame: January – June 1999
Objectives: Preserve the cattle patrimony of Ituri Region (representing 50 percent of the entire Congolese livestock population)
Funds Requested: US$ 450,000
SUMMARY In 1992, before the war, the livestock of the vast Eastern Congo Region comprised more than 900,000 head (450,000 in Kivu and 450,000 in Eastern Ituri Region).
In September 1998, the surviving livestock was estimated at 480,000 head; out of this 350,000 head are located in Ituri Region. The Ituri herd represents more than 50 percent of the entire Congolese livestock population.
The Ituri herd has been partially preserved and can be utilized to rebuild the North Kivu, Masisi and the north of South Kivu’s herds.
Numerous wars in the Great Lakes Region have forced breeders on several occasions to flee between neighbouring countries with their cattle. As a result, animal disease epidemics are widespread.
An emergency vaccination campaign is therefore crucial if this endangered patrimony is to be saved.
In 1994, FAO, together with the Ituri Breeders Cooperative Association, had initiated the first vaccination campaigns. Pillaging during the 1996 and 1997 hostilities has devastated the Ituri Breeders Cooperative Association’s intervention capacity. This project aims at restoring this intervention capacity through the provision of necessary inputs and technical expertise to ensure the vaccination of the surviving animals.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED48 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 48 FOOD SECURITY
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Procurement of Vaccines 220,000
Training 30,000
General and Direct Operating Costs (including technical assistance, internal transport, storage, handling and 200,000 monitoring)
TOTAL 450,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED49 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 49 FOOD SECURITY
Appealing Agency: Food and Agriculture Organization
Activity: Emergency provision of agricultural tools
Code: DRC-99-1/N11
Target Population: 200,000 families of vulnerable farmers in Kasai occidental, Province Orientale, Manuma and Bandundu regions
Implementing Agencies: Ministry of Agriculture, with technical assistance from FAO
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To maintain the production capacity of the farmers.
Funds Requested: US$ 860,000
SUMMARY The deep decline that has characterised the economy of the DRC since the 1980s has had serious repercussions on the agricultural producers, especially in the remote areas: lack of agricultural inputs, transportation difficulties (poor road infrastructure, decline of means of transport, shortages of fuel) and a decrease in purchasing power of the general population . The military strife of the last two year in the DRC prompted a large number of farmers to leave their communities and flee into the isolated regions in the interior of the country, where they suffer from lack of access to production means and outlets for their produce.
All these developments have led to a situation in which a large number of farmers are unable to obtain or renew their agricultural production means. Consequently their output declines and the part of the harvest that is for sale tends to be consumed. Moreover, the output is often insufficient even for the producers’ consumption.
The target beneficiaries of this project were not directly affected by the last crisis, but the overall impoverishment of the Congolese society, as a result of the 96-97 and 98 wars, put them on the margin of the country’s agricultural production system.
This project anticipates the distribution of 200,000 hoes to vulnerable families (one per family) to enable them to restore their agricultural production capacities drastically affected by the lack of agricultural tools.
The supplies will be procured locally using FAO’s procurement service facilities and will be distributed through NGOs and community-based associations who will identify the target beneficiaries and ensure proper distribution. International NGOs will provide logistical support and there will be flexible coordination between all organisations, NGOs and associations.
The expected return of investing US$ 808,000 in this project is, over a one-year period, US$10,000,000 of food aid potentially saved (calculation based on 0,25 ha cultivated by beneficiary household), representing an investment return of 1:11).
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED50 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 50 FOOD SECURITY
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Procurement of 200,000 hoes (US$ 3 each) 600,000
Equipment 10,000
General and Direct Operational Costs (including technical assistance, 250,000 internal transport, handling, storage and monitoring)
TOTAL 860,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED51 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 51 FOOD SECURITY
Appealing Agency: World Food Programme
Activity: Airlift of food commodities and pre-positioning of food stocks
Code: DRC-99-1/N12
Target Population: 50,000 persons including IDPs and vulnerable groups
Implementing Agency: WFP
Time Frame: January - February 1999
Objectives: To cover the supply of 1,226 MTS of food commodities to 50,000 people at risk including women and children stranded in Kisangani, Kindu and other places.
Funds Requested: US$ 529,019
SUMMARY While every effort will be made to access war-affected using overland routes, an extremely poorly developed transport infrastructure in and around potential operational areas will call for the use of air operations in the first 45 days of food distribution. The air operation will cover the supply of 1,226 MTS of food commodities to 50,000 people at risk including women and children stranded in Kisangani, Kindu and other places. Drawing from current experience, the food stocks will be pre-positioned in Pointe Noire, Republic of Congo.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Food -1,226 MTS (including ITSH) 490,400
Follow-up and Assessment 38,619
TOTAL 529,019
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED52 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 52 FOOD SECURITY
Appealing Agency: Food and Agriculture Organization
Activity: Emergency distribution of vegetable seeds in the suburban areas
Code: DRC-99-1/N13
Target Population: 125,000 vulnerable persons (25,000 families) - market gardening producers in Lubumbashi, Bukavu, Kananga, Goma, Mbuji-Mayi, Kikwit and Kisangani
Implementing Agencies: International and local NGOs in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To increase the market gardening production in the cities of the DRC that are affected by food shortages during the first six months of 1999.
Funds Requested: US$ 450,000
SUMMARY Food supply to the major cities of the DRC has become increasingly difficult because of prevailing insecurity, disruption of supply mechanisms to the interior of the country, loss of transportation means, and obstacles of a military nature. The political and military developments of the last two years have led to a profound economic crisis which is accompanied by further impoverishment of the population, specifically in urban areas. Currently a significant deterioration of the food security situation is being observed in most major cities of the DRC.
A large number of inhabitants of urban areas have started to practise new survival strategies based on market gardening to produce food for their own consumption within the traditional Congolese extended family and partly for sale. The main problems encountered by these families are: the lack of seeds and tools and their high prices, restricted commercial exchanges and the absence of seeds adaptable to the suburban conditions.
The target beneficiaries of the project will be, on the one hand, long-standing market gardening producers willing to increase their production and on the other hand, vulnerable households willing to develop small-scale vegetable production. The project anticipates the distribution of 25,000 seed kits (12 500 kits for long-standing producers and composed of long cycle seed varieties such as tomato, sweet pepper, leek, onion and 12,500 kits for new vegetable producers and, due to their lack of experience, mainly composed of short cycle seed varieties such as Chinese cabbage, spinach, gumbo and amaranth). In addition, each family will receive a hoe and each new producer will receive a rake. Final selection of project sites will be made in the framework of the Consultative Group for Food Security in DRC established by the FAO Emergency Operations Coordination Unit.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED53 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 53 FOOD SECURITY
The supplies will be procured locally using FAO’s procurement service facilities and distributed through the community-based vegetable producers’ associations spontaneously developed inside the cities’ green belts. Some of these associations are supported by international NGOs which will contribute to the sustainability of the project through appropriate training programmes and monitoring systems.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Agricultural Inputs 300,000 (1,250kg of vegetable seeds at US$ 50/kg; 25,000 hoes at US$3 each; 12, 500 rakes at US$6 each, fertilisers and pesticides)
General and Direct Operational Costs 150,000 (including internal transport, technical assistance, handling, storage and monitoring)
TOTAL 450,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED54 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 54 FOOD SECURITY
Appealing Agency: United Nations Development Programme
Activity: Emergency provision of agriculture inputs for an improved food security in Kinshasa
Code: DRC-99-1/N14
Target Population: 50,000 vulnerable families and the population of Kinshasa’s most destitute districts.
Implementing Agencies: FAO, local and international NGOs, in support to the Governor’s office
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To increase the market-garden and small poultry production in districts Kinshasa selected on social grounds.
Funds Requested: US$ 779,000
SUMMARY The supply of basic food in Kinshasa is being all the more hampered by bad road infrastructure and interrupted railway and river connections due to the war in DRC (and also in the Republic of Congo).
Aggravating factor, the current conflict contributed to drying up the informal economic survival mechanisms which had so far succeeded in globally meeting basic food needs in Kinshasa.
As a result, and relying on Kinshasa’s wide potential of agriculture land, and a number of families have developed survival-type market-garden and poultry production for self-consumption, distribution to the extended family and street trade. However, major constraints still tend to reduce the impact of these community survival strategies.
Hence the project to distribute 25,000 kits for market-gardening comprised of approximately 50 grams of 3 seed species, one hoe per family, for every third family. Equally, other beneficiaries will receive 4 chicken babies per family, the needed vaccines and food for one month.
The distribution will take place through community-based associations. The same network will monitor immunisation : training sessions will be organised in this view.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED55 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 55 FOOD SECURITY
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Technical Assistance (international agricultural engineer 4 w/m.; national engineer 30 w/m.) Administrative support 130,000
Inputs for Market Gardening (1,250 Kg seeds, 25,000 hoes, 8,500 rakes, protection items). Distribution Costs 334,000
Inputs for Small-Scale Poultry Production. Distribution costs 185,000
Training 10,000
Equipment (1 pick-up, 4 motors, office supplies) 40,000
Operational Costs (10 percent) 80,000
TOTAL 779,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED56 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 56 PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
Appealing Agency: United Nations Children’s Fund
Activity: Protection of children in difficult circumstances
Code: DRC-99-1/N15
Target Population: Unaccompanied minors, displaced children, returnee children, and other affected children
Implementing Agencies: UNICEF, local and national authorities, in collaboration with UNHCR, WFP, other UN Agencies and NGO partners
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To protect the most vulnerable groups of children in affected areas as provided in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). To trace families of unaccompanied children and assist with reunification efforts. To meet the physical and psycho-social needs of particularly affected children.
Funds Requested: US$ 1,100,000
SUMMARY Protection of children in conflict and other difficult circumstances is paramount in the Convention of the Rights of the Child, and is a UNICEF priority concern.
UNICEF will assist with the care and resettlement of returning Congolese and displaced children, and local children traumatised by war with psycho-social care and other support services in order to facilitate their reintegration in their communities.
UNICEF will continue to support programmes for the identification, tracing and reunification of some 5,000 UAC refugee in affected areas of DRC, in collaboration with UNHCR, ICRC, and SCF UK.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
UAC/Displaced - tracing 200,000
UAC/Displaced - care 200,000
UAC/Displaced B reunification / cross border tracing 150,000
Psycho-Social Support 100,000
Peace Education / Child Rights 100,000
Reinforcement of Basic Services (Health, ED) / Capacity-Building 150,000
Logistics and Support Costs 1,100,000
TOTAL 1,100,000
Appealing Agency: United Nations Children’s Fund
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED57 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 57 HUMAN RIGHTS, PEACE AND RECONCILIATION
Activity: Reintegration of child soldiers
Code: DRC-99-1/N16
Target Population: Unaccompanied minors, displaced children, returnee children, and other affected children
Implementing Agencies: UNICEF, local and national authorities, in collaboration with UNHCR, WFP, other UN Agencies and NGO partners
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To support the demobilisation of child soldiers and their reintegration to civil society.
Funds Requested: US$ 750,000
SUMMARY Protection of children in armed conflict is paramount in the Convention of the Rights of the Child, as highlighted in Articles 38 and 39.
Since August 1998, thousands of children between the ages of 9-16 years have been recruited by both parties to the conflict. The non-recruitment of children under 16 years and the demobilisation and reintegration of these child soldiers is an important step towards peace and stability in the country. UNICEF will advocate for and support the demobilisation and reintegration of child soldiers into civil society.
In the first six months, UNICEF will focus on advocacy; the census and identification of child soldiers; the development of a psycho-social programme to help prepare child soldiers for demobilisation; and social mobilisation campaigns at the family/community-level to facilitate reintegration. UNICEF will collaborate with OHCHR, ICRC, ILO, and WFP.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Advocacy / Social Mobilisation 50,000
Census and Identification (profile of child soldiers) 200,000
Lodging / Care (food, health services) 200,000
Socio-Economic Survey (for reintegration) 50,000
Psycho-Social Care (preparedness for reintegration) 100,000
Logistics (air, inland transport) / Support Costs 150,000
TOTAL 750,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED58 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 58 HUMAN RIGHTS, PEACE AND RECONCILIATION
Appealing Agency: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Activity: Monitoring of human rights situation in the eastern provinces of the DRC
Code: DRC-99-1/N17
Target Population: Displaced, war-affected populations and ethnic minorities in North and South Kivu and Katanga provinces.
Implementing Agency: OHCHR, DRC Field Office
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To establish effective monitoring mechanisms in the east of the DRC, advocate and promote respect for individuals= and communities’ rights, provide early warning on violations of human rights to the international community.
Funds Requested: US$ 1,255,000
SUMMARY The ongoing war in the east of the DRC is accompanied by serious violations of the human rights and the international humanitarian law (IHL). A number of available witnesses indicate on grave violations of human rights and IHL both in rebel-held and Government controlled regions of the DRC. OHCHR whose mandate includes the monitoring of human rights situation in the entire DRC will deploy international observers in three eastern provinces of the DRC to collect, verify and analyse information related to the violations of human rights. In order to facilitate the implementation of this task, OHCHR intends to establish three regional offices in Goma, Bukavu and Lubumbashi.
The information gathered by the regional offices will be consolidated by OHCHR field office in Kinshasa, which will then follow-up the issues with various Government, UN institutions, as well as with the donor community in and outside of the DRC.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
International Observers (2 persons x 3 offices) 900,000
Local Staff (one secretary and one driver per office) 72,000
Telecommunication and Data Processing Equipment and Furniture for 3 120,000 Offices
Procurement and Transportation of Vehicles (one per office) 93,000
Administrative Costs 70,000
TOTAL 1,255,000
Appealing Agency: United Nations Development Programme
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED59 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 59 HUMAN RIGHTS, PEACE AND RECONCILIATION
Activity: Peace-building and conflict prevention mechanisms in selected towns of the DRC
Code: DRC-99-1/N18
Implementing Agencies: UNDP, local and national authorities, in collaboration with other UN Agencies and NGO partners
Time Frame: January - December 1999
Objectives: To promote and disseminate local versions of basic humanitarian rules and principles, through emulation and local ownership of essential
Funds Requested: US$ 540,100
SUMMARY Students in a limited number of colleges and universities in DRC’s major towns will be offered to translate in local languages and in drawings, segments of a set of essential documents on IHL and conflict-resolution methods (OCHA documentation). The best outputs will then be printed and distributed locally as pamphlets and posters in markets, public places, other schools and universities.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Personnel 64,500
Local Monitors (11 nationals) 16,500
Didactic Materials, Publication Costs 210,000
Logistics 200,000
Administrative Support Costs 49,100
TOTAL 540,100
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED60 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 60 HUMAN RIGHTS, PEACE AND RECONCILIATION
Appealing Agency: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Activity: Legal assistance to the victims of human rights violations
Code: DRC-99-1/N19
Target Population: Victims of Human Rights violations, particularly certain vulnerable group which have been arbitrarily detained on the groups of their origin and ethnicity;
Implementing Agency: OHCHR, DRC Field Office
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To ensure adequate legal assistance for the victims of human rights violations, and to support the Congolese Justice to meet the international norms on judicial procedures.
Funds Requested: US$ 360,000
SUMMARY The Court of the Military Order (CMO) is the existing only judicial body under the war conditions of the DRC. This situation is fraught with serious complications in meeting the legal procedural requirements. The detention conditions are currently inadequate and often inhumane. Meanwhile, the scrutiny of individual dossiers lasts several months because of lack of human resources and technical expertise in the judicial system of the DRC.
More than one thousand Congolese soldiers are currently detained in various detention centres of the country, while their cases are being studies by the CMO. Some of the soldiers were arrested arbitrarily and subjected to prolonged detention without a proper legal procedure.
The objective of this project is four-fold: · Establish a data-base on detained who require immediate legal assistance; · Ensure the legal defence for certain victims of human rights violations; · Monitor the implementation of legal procedures; · Provide advisory support to the Congolese justice.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Personnel (local lawyers and attorneys) 180,000
Equipment (data processing and furniture) 70,000
Procurement and Transportation of two Vehicles 60,000
Administrative Costs 50,000
TOTAL 360,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED61 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 61 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Activity: Support for the coordination of humanitarian aid
Code: DRC-99-1/N20
Target Population: Donor community, UN Agencies, NGOs, Government
Implementing Agency: OCHA
Time Frame: January - December 1999
Funds Requested: US$ 412,371
SUMMARY Under the overall responsibility of the UN Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator, OCHA will:
Continue to act as a focal point for information collection, analysis and dissemination on all issues pertaining to humanitarian assistance. OCHA will produce regular situation reports on the humanitarian situation in the country and the activities of all humanitarian partners;
Produce and up-date on a quarterly basis consolidated contingency plans with the participation of UN Agencies, INGOs, Red Cross Movement and Donor agencies;
Coordinate and carry out comprehensive humanitarian assessment missions with participation of UN Agencies, NGOs, Government of the DRC and donor community;
Provide the UN Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator, relief agencies and donors with situation analysis with a particular emphasis on the aspects of, IDPs, access to vulnerable populations and application of other humanitarian principles;
Continue to serve as intermediary between the Government and the NGO community Currently, the Office of the UN Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator is equipped with a Senior Humanitarian Advisor and a Humanitarian Affairs Officer. Due to unstable security situation in North Kivu, the OCHA office in Goma has been temporarily closed. Office of the UN Resident Coordinator in the DRC intends to deploy an internationally recruited Information Manager in the east of the DRC to provide regular analysis on the humanitarian situation and facilitate the coordination amongst humanitarian partners. In Kinshasa, OCHA will maintain its current staff to assist the Humanitarian Coordinator in all matters pertinent to operational and strategic coordination.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED62 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 62 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
1 Senior Humanitarian Advisor (Kinshasa) 74,900 1 Humanitarian Affairs Officer (Kinshasa) 55,100 1 Information Manager (East of the DRC) 55,100 Local Staff (3 Information Assistants - 1 Goma + 2 Kinshasa - 2 Drivers) 27,260
Field Travel 15,000 General Operating Expenses (rental, maintenance, communications, 55,000 etc.) Supplies and Materials (Office Supplies and Fuel) 11,400 Acquisition of Furniture and Equipment 56,600 Organisation of Inter-agency Assessment Missions 50,000
Sub-Total 400,360
Programme Support Costs 12,011
TOTAL 412,371*
*Some shortfalls (debts to unearmarked funds) or carry-over funds from 1998 may exist, but cannot be specified at the time this document is being prepared.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED63 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 63 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency : World Health Organization
Activity : Monitoring health situation
Code: DRC-99-1/N21
Target Population: Population of 11 provinces of the DRC (Bandundu, Western and Eastern Kasai, North am South Kivu, Bas-Congo, Kinshasa, Maniema, Oriental, Equateur)
Implementing Agencies: WHO, Ministry of Health DRC, NGOs
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To assess health and nutritional status and needs of populations (IDPs, refugees and local population) in affected areas in all provinces of DRC; To provide technical and logistic supports in the collection, analysis and feed-back to national health authorities, NGOs , UN Agencies and Partners; To improve health information dissemination and exchange in the country and neighbouring through humanitarian regular bulletin.
Funds Requested: US$ 427,180
SUMMARY WHO and UNDP provided support to the national Health authorities in April 1998 to conduct an assessment in the eleven provinces of the country about service delivery in health facilities and at the household level. The preliminary data analysis indicates a weak national and provincial health information system unable to ensure proper feed back on public health problems, lack of supervision and monitoring of health workers and NGOs activities and periodic evaluation, lack of standardised tools for collecting information, particularly in the conflict-affected areas. Provision of accurate and timely health information is essential to the health of target groups so that necessary actions and allocation of resources can be made. The health information network is of particular importance as it provides a global view of the health situation of refugees, displaced persons, returnees and affected local population in the country.
Hence, the health information network will be set up in close collaboration with the UN Agencies and international NGOs, thus enabling the national authorities and the partners to provide relevant and accurate health information. WHO sub-office established in seven provinces will play an important role with their staff members who are already involved in the process.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED64 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 64 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Humanitarian Health Information Bulletin 158,000
Health and Nutrition Monitoring 165,000
Logistical Support 80,000
Programme Costs (6 percent) 24,180
TOTAL 427,180
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED65 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 65 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency: Food and Agriculture Organization
Activity: Provision of technical advice and support to coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance in the agricultural sector.
Code: DRC-99-1/N22
Target Population: Ministry of Agriculture, agencies operating in the agricultural sector, agricultural producers of the DRC.
Implementing Agencies: FAO, Ministry of Agriculture, INGO and local civic groups.
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To reinforce the capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture for coordinating emergency activities in the agricultural sector and to provide technical and logistical support and establish a coordination/management unit within the Ministry of Agriculture.
Funds Requested: US$ 205,000
SUMMARY Complete loss of effectiveness of state structures during the last 15 years combined with the unstable political and military situation in 1994-1998 have seriously compromised the Government’s programme of national reconstruction, launched in 1997.
The number of agencies and humanitarian organisations which intervene or plan to intervene in the agricultural and food security sectors of the DRC is increasingly high.
To ensure the fast response to an emergency situation requires close coordination between participating agencies combined with the ability to react quickly and appropriately. Numerous agencies, including NGOs and UN organisations are involved in the support to the agricultural sector. These organisations often lack the necessary technical knowledge. FAO intends to enhance its support to all organisations involved in the agricultural sector to ensure the highest standards, to avoid duplication of interventions and to maximise the use of often scarce financial resources.
The Unit for Coordination of Emergency Assistance to the agricultural sector which FAO proposes to establish would:
· Coordinate and advise the numerous humanitarian organisations involved in the sector;
· Provide technical assistance to help nationals manage the agricultural relief projects;
· Monitor developments of the crop and food supply situation;
· Help build the local capacities for assessing requirements and for the design, implementation and monitoring of emergency interventions;
· Help establish the country’s capacity to move beyond the emergency stage to the recovery and rehabilitation phase.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED66 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 66 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
An FAO Emergency Operations Coordination Unit has been operating in Kivu since January 1998 and in the whole country since October 1998. The financial resources available will enable FAO to support this Unit until early 1999. Should no funding be made available FAO will have to discontinue its technical assistance.
This project foresees the deployment of an expatriate agronomist, who will coordinate regular assessment missions and will provide technical assistance to the humanitarian organisations involved in agriculture relief and rehabilitation. It also includes local consultancy and logistical support to the newly created coordination departments within the Ministry, as well as the organisation of training sessions for the Congolese agronomists.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Personnel (1 expat. coordinator international 6 months, consultancy fees 12 persons) 105,000
Equipment (1 vehicle, 2 motor, furniture) 40,000
Training 10,000
Administrative Support 25,000
General and Direct Operating Costs (including internal travel, rental of premises, maintenance of equipment) 25,000
TOTAL 205,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED67 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 67 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency: United Nations Development Programme
Activity: Support to DRC Government’s humanitarian coordination institutions
Code: DRC-99-1/N23
Target Population: Government of the DRC, relief and donor community
Implementing Agencies: Humanitarian and Rehabilitation Coordination Unit (UNDP/OCHA) HAC Unit, Presidency of the DRC Crisis management committees in Kinshasa, Lubumbashi and Matadi
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To enhance the capacity of the DRC Government and the provincial authorities of Kinshasa, Katanga and Bas Congo in managing humanitarian issues.
Funds Requested: US$ 174,900
SUMMARY The creation of a HAC Unit under the Presidency of the DRC in the aftermath of humanitarian crisis in Kinshasa in September 1998 became a rather positive development indicating at the increasing involvement of the DRC’s Government in the humanitarian affairs.
Given a number of persisting humanitarian emergencies both natural and man-made, the crisis management capacity of the DRC Government is essential for evaluating the situation, obtaining access and mobilising local and international resources.
This projects seeks to replicate in Lubumbashi and Matadi the structure of Crisis Management Committee that was set-up in Kinshasa during the military crisis in August-September 1998. The creation of these structures will enhance the provincial Government’s crisis preparedness capacity and will ensure a regular information flow on humanitarian issues between Kinshasa and these two important provinces of the DRC.
In view of a severe lack of information from the regions at the level of the Central Government, a special importance should be given to networking Kinshasa with various provinces of the country. This project foresees technical, logistical and telecommunication support to already established structures in Kinshasa, Lubumbashi and Matadi.
While the Government’s coordination unit will deal with humanitarian assistance issues at the national level, the crisis committee in Lubumbashi will concentrate its efforts on response to arising emergencies in territories adjacent to military activities (North Katanga, Maniema, border with Angola), and the crisis committee of Bas Congo will consolidate the post-conflict initiatives for this province.
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED68 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 68 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Consultancy Fees (2 local consultants for each office- Kinshasa, Lubumbashi and Matadi x 6 months) 54,000
Procurement of Three 4 x 4 Vehicles for Each Office 75,000
Telecommunication and Data Processing Equipment for Three Offices 30,000
Administrative Support Costs (10 percent) 15,900
TOTAL 174,900
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED69 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 69 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Activity: Consolidation of civil society’s role in the democratic transition process
Code: DRC-99-1/N24
Target Population: Human Rights NGOs, civil society at large
Implementing Agencies: Human Rights NGOs
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: Reinforce the capacities of the civil society and particularly
Funds Requested: US$ 400,000
SUMMARY Since 1990, the Human Rights NGOs in the DRC play an important role in the promoting human rights and lobbying for democratic reforms with the aim of creation of a State of Law and pluralistic and democratic society. In order to consolidate the role played by the civil society and particularly by Human Rights NGOs and civic groups, OHCHR envisages to provide material and technical support to the ongoing public awareness activities of the local Human Rights (HR) NGOs. In addition, this project foresees to develop training programmes in specific domains of human rights/democracy for the benefit of activists of the NGOs and civic groups. The specific topic of training will include: monitoring techniques, legal assistance to the victims of violations of human rights, information collection and analysis methodologies and international Human Rights protection tools.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Seminars, Training Sessions for NGOs 250,000
Publications 50,000
Equipment for Human Rights NGOs 50,000
Support Costs 50,000
TOTAL 400,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED70 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 70 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Activity: Reinforcement of capacities of independent media
Code: DRC-99-1/N25
Target Population: Independent media, Congolese civil society
Implementing Agencies: OHCHR, DRC Field Office
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objectives: To reinforce the capacities of independent media in protecting and promoting respect for human rights, tolerance and the culture of peace.
Funds Requested: US$ 234,000
SUMMARY The ongoing military confrontation the DRC is accompanied by emergence of xenophobic speeches and calls for tribal and ethnic hatred. The independent media is often used as a vehicle for anti-ethnic and anti-minority propaganda.
This project envisages to establish permanent monitoring of the media, including newspapers, radio and television and identify publications that contradict the universal principles of Human Rights. This monitoring will enable OHCHR to intervene with public awareness activities, training of journalists and lobbying directed at the decision-makers of the independent media.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
Personnel (2 international expert) 84,000
Personnel (national) 50,000
Training and Lobbying 50,000
Equipment 30,000
Support Costs 20,000
TOTAL 234,000
UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED71 INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 71 COORDINATION, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Appealing Agency: United Nations Development Programme
Activity: Security of the relief staff in the DRC
Code: DRC-99-1/N26
Implementing Agency: UNSECOORD
Time Frame: January - June 1999
Objective: To secure a safe environment and take necessary steps to
Funds Requested: US$ 602,000
SUMMARY The DRC is in a state of war, with at least six foreign armies involved in the country throughout the territory of the country. Four provinces of the DRC are not controlled by the Government. The first stages of the conflict were marked by frequent open threats against the UN staff, requisition/looting of UN offices in eastern DRC and in Bas Congo, harassment of UN national staff.
This project envisages deployment of four Field Security Officers (FSO) in Goma, Bukavu, Uvira and Kisangani to prepare necessary conditions for downgrading the security phase and establishing adequate security arrangements that would enable implementation of humanitarian activities. In areas out of Government’s control, the security system set-up before the war has to be maintained. More globally, the recruitment of four Field Security Officer will increase security preparedness, and enable the management to take quick appropriate decisions related to the security of the staff. In areas other than his/her duty station, the FSO will be logistically supported by one of the main UN Field Offices.
The security matters in areas under the Government’s control will be dealt with by the FSO based in Kinshasa.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Item US$
4 Field Security Officer 260,000
4 Assistant, Kinshasa 36,000
Goma, Bukavu, Kisangani and Uvira security structure 96,000
Procurement of four Vehicle and Maintenance 120,000
Office Equipment 40,000
Communication Equipment and Costs 50,000
TOTAL 602,000
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Table IV : Total Funding Requirements for the 1999 UN Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo BY APPEALING ORGANISATION January - June 1999
APPEALING ORGANISATION REQUIREMENTS (US $)
WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME 5,257,017
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES 3,507,019
UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND 5,000,000
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 4,456,250
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 3,805,000
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1,461,210
OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 2,249,000
OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS 412,371
GRAND TOTAL 26,147,867
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ANNEX I.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ACF Action Contre la Faim
BDOM Bureau Diocésain des Œuvres Médicales
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CEA Central and East Africa CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan CMO Court of the Military Order CRS Catholic Relief Services
DMP Disaster Management Process DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo
ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FSO Field Security Officers ha Hectare HAC Humanitarian Aid Coordination HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus HR Human Rights
ICC Inter-Agency Coordination Committee ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP Internally Displaced Person IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ILO International Labor Organization INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation IRIN Integrated Regional Information Network ITSH Internal Transport Storage and Handing kg Kilogramme
LTSH Land-Side Transport Storage and Handling
MERLIN Medical Emergency Relief International MSF Médecins Sans Frontières MTs Metric Tonne
NFI Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
OAU Organisation for African Unity OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ORS Oral Rehydration Salts OTI Office for Transitional Initiatives
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OXFAM Oxford Committee for Famine Relief
PHC Primary Health Care
QUIPs Quick Impact Projects
RCD Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie
SCF Save the Children Fund SPLA B Sudan People’s Liberation Army-Bahral Ghazal
TCHA Technical Committee on Humanitarian Assistance
UAC Unaccompanied Children UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIMIX UNICEF’s Supplementary Feeding Food UNITA Union Nationale pour l’Indépendence Totale d’Angola UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services USAID United States Agency for International Development
WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization
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