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Die Deutschen Phytophagen Aus Der Klasse Der Insekten 203-260 Die Deutschen Pliytopliagen Aus Der Klasse Der Insekten

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Die Deutschen Phytophagen Aus Der Klasse Der Insekten 203-260 Die Deutschen Pliytopliagen Aus Der Klasse Der Insekten ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande Jahr/Year: 1860 Band/Volume: 17 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kaltenbach Johann Heinrich Artikel/Article: Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten 203-260 Die deutschen Pliytopliagen aus der Klasse der Insekten von I. U. Kalteubach. (Fortsetzung.) Alphabetisches Verzeichniss der deutschen Pfl anz en gat tungen (Buchstaben D, E, F). Dactylis, Knäuelgras. * Echinophora, Stacheldolde. Danthonia (siehe Triodia). * Elaeagnus, Oleaster. Daphne, Kellerhals. * Elatine, Tännel. Datura, Stechapfel. Elodes (siehe Hypericum). Daucus, Möhre. Elymus, Haargras. Delphineum, Rittersporn. * Elyna, Elyne. * Dentaria, Zahnwurz. * Empetrum, Rauschbeere. Dianthus, Nelke. Endymion (siehe Scilla). Dictamnus, Diptam. Epilobium, Weidenröschen. Digitalis, Fingerhut. * Epimedium, Sockenblume. Digitaria (siehe Panicum). * Epipactis, Sumpfwurz. Diplotaxis, Doppelsame. * Epipogium. Dipsacus, Kardendistel. Eragrostis (siehe Poa). Dondisia (siehe Astrantia). * Eranthis, Winterling. Doronicum Gemswurz. Erica (Calluna), Heide. Dorycnium (Lotus). Erigeron, Berufskraut. Draba, Hungerblümchen. * Erinus, Leberbalsam. * Dracocephalum Drachen­ * Eriophorum, Wollgras. kopf. Erodium, Reiherschnabel. * Drosera, Sonncnthau. Erucastrum (siehe Brassica). * Dryas, Dryade. Ervum, Linse. * Drypis Knotenkraut. Eryngium, Mannstreu. * Erysimum, Hedrich. Farsetia (siehe Alyssum). * Erytraea, Tausendgülden­ Fedia, Feldsalat. kraut. Festuca, Schwingel. Eupatatorium, Wasserdost. Ficaria (siehe Ranunculus). Euphorbia, Wolfsmilch. Filago (siehe Gnaphalium). Euphrasia, Augentrost. * Fimbristylis. Evonymus, Spindelbaum. Foeniculum (siehe Anethum). * Exacum Bitterblatt. Fragaria, Erdbeere. Fraxinus, Esche. Fagus, Buche. Frittelaria, Schachblume. * Falcaria, Sicheldolde. * Fumaria, Erdrauch. JDactylls« K n äuelgras. Eine weit verbreitete Grasart, welche den Culturboden liebt und in unsern Baumgärten und Wiesen sich durch ihre starken Halme und geknäuelten Blüthenrispen aus­ zeichnet. 1. Aphis Cerealis Kalt. (Vergl. Avena, Jahrgang 1856, p. 255). 2. Elachista gangabella FR. (Siehe ßrachypodium Jahrg. 1858, p. 142). 3. Elachista luticom ella ZU. Die Larve wurde in Eng­ land im Mai in den Blättern von Dactylus glomerata mini- rend angetroifen, die Schabe im Juni und Juli bei Glogau und in Lievland gefangen. 4. Elachista cggnipennella HC. Die Larve minirt im April und Mai mit langer Mine die Blattspitzen von Dacty- lis glomerata und ist von Douglas beschrieben worden. Herr A. Schmid in Frankfurt erzog den Schmetterling aus Raupen, die mit andern Elachisten-Raupen die Blätter des Knäuelgrases gleichzeitig bewohnten. 5. Noctua (Segetia) xantographa SV. Die Raupe findet sich nach Zeller im Spätherbst, Winter und Frühjahr bis zum Mai in lichtem Gebüsch auf trocknen Rasen unter dürrem Gras oder abgestorbenem Laub versteckt. Sie frisst Dactylis glomerata, Poa annua und Poa pratensis, jedoch die Blätter des Knäuelgrases am liebsten (Isis, 1840 p. 239). Der Schmetterling erscheint im September in mehreren Ge­ genden Deutschlands und ist nirgends häufig zu finden (Treitsehke V. 2 p. 199). G astropacha potatoria Hb. Die Raupe wird im Mai und Juni auf Gräsern, nach dem Dessauer Verzeichniss am häufigsten auf Dactylis gefunden. Der Schmetterling fliegt im Juli. 7. Hipparchia (Erebia) medea Hb. Die Raupe lebt nach dem Wiener Verzeichniss im Mai und Juni auf dem Knäuelgras. Daphne. Kellerhals» Seidelbast. Niedrige Sträucher des südlichen Hochlandes aus der Familie der Thymaleen; Daphne Mezereum, über ganz Deutschland verbreitet, ist fast in allen Laubwäldern mit kalkhaltigem Boden zu finden. 1. Anchinia verrucella SV. wurde von Hrn. Richterbei Dessau öfter gefunden (Entom. Zeit. XI. p. 26). Die Raupe lebt in den jungen zusammengesponnenen Trieben auf Daphne Mezereum im Mai und Juni. Zur Verwandlung wählt sie eine Stelle an den älteren Zweigen, woran sie sich mit einem Faden am After und um den Leib befes­ tigt und so zur Puppe wird. Der Schmetterling entwickelt sich nach etwa 14 Tagen. 2. Anchinia daphnella SV. Die Raupe lebt nach von Ti­ scher im Mai an Daphne Mezereum in Wäldern. Die wenig verbreitete Schabe fliegt Ende Jnni und im Juli (Treit- schke, Frey). 3. Boarmia repandariaEb. Die ziemlich gemeine Raupe findet sich nach G. Koch im April und Mai erwachsen auf dem Seidelbast (Daphne Mezereum), Lonicera perielymenum Spartium und besonders noch auf dem Wermuth (Artemis- sia), auch auf Carpinus, Ainus, Populus und vielen Strauch­ arten. Der Schmetterling fliegt im Juni und Juli (Vergl. Betula, Jahrg. 1858 p, 124). 4. Agrilus integerrim us Ktzb. zerstört nach Saxesen die Sträucher von Daphne Mezereum. Herr Schlotthauber schnitt ein Exemplar aus der Eichenrinde. Datura. Stechapfel. Eine aus Amerika nach Deutschland eingewanderte Gift­ pflanze aus der Familie der Solaneen, welche sich auf Schuttstellen und in Gärten als Unkraut doch nicht stand­ haft (wiederholt) iindet. 1. Aphis Papaveris Ib. An den obern Stengeitheilen und Blüthenstielen des Stechapfels saugend (Vergl. Cap- sella Jahrg. 1859 p. 224). Acherontia atropos Hb. Die Raupe lebt von Juli bis September vorherrschend auf Kartoffelkraut (Solanum tube­ rosum), doch, wenn sie häufig ist auch auf Datura stramo- nium, Lycium afrum, lasminum officinale, Phyladelphus coronarius, Rubia tinctorum, Daucus carota und mehreren an­ deren Pflanzen. Hr. Prof. Hessener fand sogar im Sommer 1846 mehrere Raupen im Garten auf Bignonia catalpa. Der Schmetterlling fliegt im Juni und später. Daucus. M Öhre. Eine sehr gemeine Umbellifere an Rainen und auf trock­ nen Grasplätzen, nicht minder häufig in Garten und Feld als nutzbares Wurzelgewächs angebaut zu finden. Von Insekten sehr besucht. 1. Aphis Plantaginis Schk. — A p h . D a u c i Fb. Findet sich am Grunde der blühenden Stengel und zwischen den wurzelständigen Blättern von Daucus carota in zahlreichen Gesellschaften. (Kaltenbach, Monographie der Pflanzenläuse p. 59.) Aphis carotae Koch. Dieselbe wurde von Herrn Koch Ende August an dem obern Erde des Stengels der wilden Möhre in der Nähe der Schirmblumen gefunden. Dürfte wohl obige Plantaginis sein, welche im Spätsommer und Herbst auch zwischen den Doldenstrahlen und Samen Schutz und Nahrung sucht. 3. Psila rosae Mg. Die Larve dieser Fliege bohrt Gänge in die Möhrenwurzeln und findet sich gewöhnlich in der Wurzelspitze zarter Feld- und Gartenmöhren. Im Jahre 1851 trat dieselbe (nach Bremi) in der Schweiz sehr verheerend auf. Die von den Maden angegriffenen Möhren verlieren den süssen Geschmack und gehen leicht in Fäul- niss über. — Die Verwandlung der Made geht in der Erde vor sich. (Nördlinger, die kleinen Feinde der Land- wirthschaft p. 565.) 4. Cecidomya Dauer n, sp.? Die röthlichen Maden le­ ben in den stark aufgedunsenen unreifen Samen der Möhre und Bibernelle (Pimpinella magna et P. saxifraga). Zur Verwandlung gehen sie in die Erde , nachdem sie durch ein Bohrloch an der Seite der gallenartigen Frucht ent­ schlüpft sind. 5. Agriotes striatus Fb. = E l lineatus L. (Vergl. Beta. Jahrg. 1858, p. 8 8 . 11.) D epressaria purpurea Haw. Die Raupe nach Dr. Wocke bei Breslau in Gemüsegärten häufig an Möhren, an deren Blättern sie ganz wie Depressaria applana lebt. Etwas be­ schattete Pflanzen zieht sie den übrigen vor. Die am 1 . August eingesammelten Raupen, welche ihre Verwandlung in der Erde bestanden, lieferten vom 9 . August bis 1. Sep­ tember die Falter. 7. D epressaria daucella Tr. = D . c a r v e l l a Buhle. Die Raupe lebt nach Mühlig in Frankfurt Anfangs August erwachsen in den Stengeln von Phellandrium aquaticum, deren Mark sie verzehrt. Mit den Raupen findet man auch die Puppen daselbst. Dasselbe beobachtete Buhle (Archiv der deutschen Landwirtschaft, Jan. 1841) an der Kümmel­ pflanze (Carum carvi), deren Aecker durch dieselben oft verwüstet werden. Nach dem Wiener Verzeichniss und Bouché soll die Raupe auf Daucus carota, nach Treitschke im Juli und August anf Cicuta virosa und Phellandrium aquaticum, deren Blüthenschirm e bewohnend, ange­ troffen werden; Bouché nennt noch Pastinaca sativa und Heracleum als Futterpflanzen. Der Falter fliegt in der letzten Hälfte des August an Sumpfrändern (Vergleiche auch Cicuta, Jahrg. 1859 p. 262 und Nördlinger, die kleinen Feinde der Landwirthschaft p. 386). 8 . D epressaria depressella F. Die Raupe lebt in den eingesponnenen Blüthenschirmen der wilden Möhre und nach Dr. Zinken auch in de.n Dolden des gemeinen Haar­ strang (Peucedanum officinale). Sie bleibt den Winter über unverwandelt in einem weisslichen Gewebe unter Steinen und wird erst im Frühjahr zur Puppe. Der Schmetterling fliegt bei Frankfurt, Mainz und Wiesbaden Mitte Juli und Anfang August (G. Koch, die Schmetterlinge des südwest­ lichen Deutschlands). 9. D epressaria eicutella Hb. — a p p l a n e l l a FR. (Vergl. Anthriscus Jahrg. 1856 p. 225). 10. Botys palealis Hb. Die Raupe soll nach Dr. Zin­ ken in den Blüthenschirmen von Peucedanum officinale, nach von Tischer auch in den Dolden von Daucus carota leben. Sie überwintert in einem Gewebe und verpuppt sich im Frühlinge. Der Schmetterling fliegt im Juli und August. 11. G rapholitha pudicana v. Heyd. Die Raupen leben in hiesiger Gegend gesellschaftlich in den Fruchtschirmen der wilden Möhre, die sie knäuelartig fest zusammenspinnen und sich innerhalb dieser Wohnung bis zur Yollwüchsigkeit von den reifenden Samen ernähren. Im Herbste gehen sie zur Verwandlung in die Erde und liefern
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