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The Roles of Solon in Plato's Dialogues
The Roles of Solon in Plato’s Dialogues Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Samuel Ortencio Flores, M.A. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Bruce Heiden, Advisor Anthony Kaldellis Richard Fletcher Greg Anderson Copyrighy by Samuel Ortencio Flores 2013 Abstract This dissertation is a study of Plato’s use and adaptation of an earlier model and tradition of wisdom based on the thought and legacy of the sixth-century archon, legislator, and poet Solon. Solon is cited and/or quoted thirty-four times in Plato’s dialogues, and alluded to many more times. My study shows that these references and allusions have deeper meaning when contextualized within the reception of Solon in the classical period. For Plato, Solon is a rhetorically powerful figure in advancing the relatively new practice of philosophy in Athens. While Solon himself did not adequately establish justice in the city, his legacy provided a model upon which Platonic philosophy could improve. Chapter One surveys the passing references to Solon in the dialogues as an introduction to my chapters on the dialogues in which Solon is a very prominent figure, Timaeus- Critias, Republic, and Laws. Chapter Two examines Critias’ use of his ancestor Solon to establish his own philosophic credentials. Chapter Three suggests that Socrates re- appropriates the aims and themes of Solon’s political poetry for Socratic philosophy. Chapter Four suggests that Solon provides a legislative model which Plato reconstructs in the Laws for the philosopher to supplant the role of legislator in Greek thought. -
Loeb Classical Library
LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY 2017–2018 Founded by JAMES LOEB 1911 Edited by JEFFREY HENDERSON NEW TITLES FRAGMENTARY GALEN REPUBLICAN LATIN Hygiene Ennius EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY IAN JOHNSTON • SANDER M. GOLDBERG Galen of Pergamum (129–?199/216), physician GESINE MANUWALD to the court of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, Quintus Ennius (239–169 BC), widely was a philosopher, scientist, medical historian, regarded as the father of Roman literature, theoretician, and practitioner who wrote on an was instrumental in creating a new Roman astonishing range of subjects and whose literary identity and inspired major impact on later eras rivaled that of Aristotle. developments in Roman religion, His treatise Hygiene, also known social organization, and popular as “On the Preservation of Health” culture. This two-volume edition (De sanitate tuenda), was written of Ennius, which inaugurates during one of Galen’s most prolific the Loeb series Fragmentary periods (170–180) and ranks among Republican Latin, replaces that his most important and influential of Warmington in Remains of Old works, providing a comprehensive Latin, Volume I and offers fresh account of the practice of texts, translations, and annotation preventive medicine that still that are fully current with modern has relevance today. scholarship. L535 Vol. I: Books 1–4 2018 515 pp. L294 Vol. I: Ennius, Testimonia. L536 Vol. II: Books 5–6. Thrasybulus. Epic Fragments 2018 475 pp. On Exercise with a Small Ball L537 Vol. II: Ennius, Dramatic 2018 401 pp. Fragments. Minor Works 2018 450 pp. APULEIUS LIVY Apologia. Florida. De Deo Socratis History of Rome EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY CHRISTOPHER P. -
For a Falcon
New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves CRESCENT BOOKS NEW YORK New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Translated by Richard Aldington and Delano Ames and revised by a panel of editorial advisers from the Larousse Mvthologie Generate edited by Felix Guirand and first published in France by Auge, Gillon, Hollier-Larousse, Moreau et Cie, the Librairie Larousse, Paris This 1987 edition published by Crescent Books, distributed by: Crown Publishers, Inc., 225 Park Avenue South New York, New York 10003 Copyright 1959 The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited New edition 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission of The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 0-517-00404-6 Printed in Yugoslavia Scan begun 20 November 2001 Ended (at this point Goddess knows when) LaRousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves Perseus and Medusa With Athene's assistance, the hero has just slain the Gorgon Medusa with a bronze harpe, or curved sword given him by Hermes and now, seated on the back of Pegasus who has just sprung from her bleeding neck and holding her decapitated head in his right hand, he turns watch her two sisters who are persuing him in fury. Beneath him kneels the headless body of the Gorgon with her arms and golden wings outstretched. From her neck emerges Chrysor, father of the monster Geryon. Perseus later presented the Gorgon's head to Athene who placed it on Her shield. -
Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisf
Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Ramona Naddaff Fall 2015 Abstract Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Tis dissertation takes Plutarch’s paired biographies of Teseus and Romulus as a path to understanding a number of roles that the author assumes: as a biographer, an antiquarian, a Greek author under Roman rule. As the preface to the Teseus-Romulus makes clear, Plutarch himself sees these mythological fgures as qualitatively different from his other biographical sub- jects, with the consequence that this particular pair of Lives serves as a limit case by which it is possible to elucidate the boundaries of Plutarch’s authorial identity. Tey present, moreover, a set of opportunities for him to demonstrate his ability to curate and present familiar material (the founding of Rome, Teseus in the labyrinth) in demonstration of his broad learning. To this end, I regard the Teseus-Romulus as a fundamentally integral text, both of whose parts should be read alongside one another and the rest of Plutarch’s corpus rather than as mere outgrowths of the tra- ditions about the early history of Athens and Rome, respectively. Accordingly, I proceed in each of my four chapters to attend closely to a particular thematic cluster that appears in both Lives, thereby bringing to light the complex fgural play by which Plutarch enlivens familiar material and demonstrates his virtuosity as author. -
Lucian‟ S Paradoxa: Fiction, Aesthetics, and Identity
i Lucian‟s Paradoxa: Fiction, Aesthetics, and Identity A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics of the College of Arts and Sciences by Valentina Popescu BA University of Iasi June 2009 Committee Chair: Kathryn J. Gutzwiller, Professor of Classics Abstract This dissertation represents a novel approach to the Lucianic corpus and studies paradox, with rhetorical, philosophical, and aesthetic implications, as Lucian‟s distinctive discursive mode of constructing cultural identity and literary innovation. While criticizing paradoxography - the literature of wonders - as true discourse, Lucian creates a novel, avowed false, discourse, as a form of contemplation and regeneration of the Greek literary tradition. Paradoxography is Lucian‟s favorite self-referential discourse in prolaliai, rhetorical introductions, where he strives to earn doxa through paradoxa - paradigms of exoticism applied to both author and work. Lucian elevates paradox from exotic to aesthetic, from hybrid novelty to astonishing beauty, expecting his audience to sublimate the experience of ekplexis from bewilderment to aesthetic pleasure. Lucian‟s construction of cultural identity, as an issue of tension between Greek and barbarian and between birthright and paideutic conquest, is predicated on paradoxology, a first- personal discourse based on rhetorical and philosophical paradox. While the biography of the author insinuates itself into the biography of the speaker, Lucian creates tension between macro- text and micro-text. Thus, the text becomes also its opposite and its reading represents almost an aporetic experience. iii iv To my family for their love, sacrifices, and prayers and to the memory of Ion Popescu, Doina Tatiana Mănoiu, and Nicolae Catrina v Table of Contents Introduction 1 1. -
The Labours of Heracles
The Fi~t Labour: The Nemean Lion . The First Labour which Eurfstheus imposed on Heracles, when he The Thl~d !;a?our: The Ceryneian Hind .. came to reside at Tiryns, was to kill and flay the Nemean, or Cleonaen H~racles s ~ hlrd Labour was to capture t?e C~rynelan Hmd, and lion, an enormous beast with a pelt proof agail,st iron, bronze, and bring her ahve from Oenoe to Mycenae. This swIft, dappled creature stone. had brazen hooves and golden horns like a stag, so that some call her . Arriving at Cleonae, between Corinth and Argos, Heracles lodged a .stag. She was sacred to Art~mis \vho, when only a child, saw five m the house o~ a day-l~bourer, or shepherd, named Molorchus, hInds, l.arge!than bulls, grazIng on the banks o~ the dark-pebbled whose son the hon had killed. When Molorchus was about to offer a Thessahan nver Anaurus at the foot of the Parrhaslan Mountains; the ram in propitiation of Hera, Heracles restrained him. 'Wait thirty sun twinkled on their horns. Running in pursuit, she caught four of day~: he said. 'If I return safely, sacrifice to Saviour Zeus; if I do not, them, one after the other, with her own hands, and harnessed them sacrifice to me as a hero!' . .. to.her chariot; .the fifth fled across the river Celadon to the Ceryneian Heraclesreache~ Nemea at midday, but SIncethe hon had HiIl- asHera Intended, already having Heracles's Labours in mind. depopulated the nelghbourhoo~, he found no one to direct him; nor Loth either to kill or wound the hind, Heracles performed this were any tracks to be seen. -
Isocrates and Busiris
CHAPTER 4 Rhetoric, Art, and Myth: Isocrates and Busiris by Terry L. Papillon According to traditional accounts, the story of Busiris, mythical king of Egypt, is a frightening tale of violence. Apollodorus tells us the following: Leaving Libya, he [Herakles] passed through Egypt, which was then under the rule of Bousiris, son of Poseidon and Lysianassa, daugh ter of Epaphos. Bousiris used to sacrifice strangers on an altar of Zeus, in accordance with an oracle; for barrenness had gripped the land of Egypt for nine years, and Phrasios, a skilled diviner who had come from Cyprus, said that the barrenness would come to an end if they slaughtered a male foreigner in honour of Zeus every year. Bousiris began by slaughtering the diviner himself, and continued to slaughter strangers who landed there. So Heracles was arrested and dragged to the altars, but he broke free of his bonds, and killed both Bousiris and his son Amphidamas.! In Isocrates we hear none of this traditional story. His discourse entitled the Busiris presents the story of Busiris very differently from the story as we normally think of it. Part of the reason for this is that it reacts to a speech by the rhetor Polycrates that sought to defend Busiris. Isocra tes claims that Polycrates mishandled the defense and corrects him. After an introduction that faults Polycrates for mishandling the presentation of Busiris (by telling some of the traditional story), Isocrates offers a number of topics that are recognizable from later theory of epideictic discourse: Busiris' lineage, the manner of his rule, and what he gave to society. -
Eran Almagor
ELECTRUM * Vol. 24 (2017): 123–170 doi:10.4467/20800909EL.17.025.7507 www.ejournals.eu/electrum PLUtaRCH AND THE PERSIANS Eran Almagor Abstract: This paper deals with the image of Persia and the Persians in the works of Plutarch of Chaeronea (c. 45–c. 120 AD), in both his Moralia and Lives. It explores this theme under several headings: Plutarch as: (a) a Greek Imperial author, (b) an author dealing with historical subjects, (c) a biographer, (d) a moralist, and (e) a philosopher and an essayist concerned with religious themes. Keywords: Plutarch, Persia/Persians, Second Sophistic, Aristides, Themistocles, Agesilaus, Ly- sander, Artaxerxes, Alexander the Great, Zoroastrianism, Magoi Our image of the ancient western view of Persia is largely shaped by Greek Imperial texts (from roughly 50 BC to 250 AD), and in particular by the way earlier works (like Herodotus) were received in this age, which eclipsed the previous periods in terms of the volume of works that survived.1 Among the authors and men of letters of this era, Plu- tarch of Chaeronea (c. 45–c. 120 AD) clearly stands out. Oftentimes, Plutarch provides us with information on Persia that we do not obtain elsewhere and which is derived from good but lost sources. Moreover, Plutarch is almost the only author who presents a rela- tively full account of the Persian Wars, from Themistocles and Aristides to Alexander, albeit in a biographical form and in a non-linear story, since the history is divided into separate works. A large proportion of the writings of this prolific writer (cf. -
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[PDF]The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
The Myths & Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome E. M. Berens p q xMetaLibriy Copyright c 2009 MetaLibri Text in public domain. Some rights reserved. Please note that although the text of this ebook is in the public domain, this pdf edition is a copyrighted publication. Downloading of this book for private use and official government purposes is permitted and encouraged. Commercial use is protected by international copyright. Reprinting and electronic or other means of reproduction of this ebook or any part thereof requires the authorization of the publisher. Please cite as: Berens, E.M. The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome. (Ed. S.M.Soares). MetaLibri, October 13, 2009, v1.0p. MetaLibri http://metalibri.wikidot.com [email protected] Amsterdam October 13, 2009 Contents List of Figures .................................... viii Preface .......................................... xi Part I. — MYTHS Introduction ....................................... 2 FIRST DYNASTY — ORIGIN OF THE WORLD Uranus and G (Clus and Terra)........................ 5 SECOND DYNASTY Cronus (Saturn).................................... 8 Rhea (Ops)....................................... 11 Division of the World ................................ 12 Theories as to the Origin of Man ......................... 13 THIRD DYNASTY — OLYMPIAN DIVINITIES ZEUS (Jupiter).................................... 17 Hera (Juno)...................................... 27 Pallas-Athene (Minerva).............................. 32 Themis .......................................... 37 Hestia -
Utopias Bryanston 260718
Ancient Utopias: imaginary cities in Greek political thought Dr Carol Atack Imaginary Cities 01/08/2018 Imaginary Cities 2 The idea of the politeia • The soul (psyche) of the polis is nothing other than its politeia, since it has as much power (dunamis) over it as the rational mind (phronesis) does over the body. • ἔστι γὰρ ψυχὴ πόλεως οὐδὲν ἔτερον ἢ πολιτεία, τοσαύτην ἔχουσα δύναμιν ὅσην περ ἐν σώματι φρόνησις. Isocrates, Areopagiticus 14 • It is evident that the city belongs to the class of things that exist by nature, and that man is by nature a political animal. • ἐκ τούτων οὖν φανερὸν ὅτι τῶν φύσει ἡ πόλις ἐστί, καὶ ὅτι ὁ ἄνθρωπος φύσει πολιτικὸν ζῷον Aristotle Politics 1.2.1253a1-3 01/08/2018 Imaginary Cities 3 Imaginary cities in the ancient Greek world • Dramatic cities – Cloud-Cuckoo Land, Aristophanes Birds – Thebes, Sophocles Antigone, Euripides Suppliant Women – Argos, Aeschylus, Suppliant Women • Philosophical cities – Kallipolis, Plato Republic – Magnesia, Plato Laws – Atlantis, Plato Timaeus/Critias • Practical cities – Unnamed proposed city, Hippodamus of Miletus – Aristotle, Politics books 7 and 8 • Re-imagined cities and places: – Ecbatana (under Deioces), Herodotus Histories – Sparta (under Lycurgus), Xenophon Constitution of the Spartans – Persia (under Cambyses and Cyrus), Xenophon Cyropaedia – Egypt (under Busiris), Isocrates Busiris Attic black-figure chous, c. 500-490 BCE, British Museum, London 01/08/2018 Imaginary Cities 4 Locations 01/08/2018 Imaginary Cities 5 Imaginary cities in the Iliad’s Shield of Achilles First of all he forged a shield that was huge and heavy… He made the earth upon it, and the sky, and the sea’s water, and the tireless sun, and the moon waxing into her fullness… On it he wrought in all their beauty two cities of mortal men. -
Callimachus, the Victoria Berenices, and Roman Poetry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Harvard University - DASH Callimachus, the Victoria Berenices, and Roman Poetry The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Thomas, Richard F. 1983. Callimachus, the Victoria Berenices, and Roman poetry. Classical Quarterly 33(1): 92-113. Published Version doi:10.1017/S0009838800034327 Accessed February 18, 2015 11:24:36 AM EST Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3775758 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) ClassicalQuarterly 33 (i) 92-113 (1983)Printed in GreatBritain 92 CALLIMACHUS, THE VICTORIA BERENICES, AND ROMAN POETRY* It is now five years since P. J. Parsons published the Lille Callimachus,1 and the dust appears to have settled. The appearance of these fragments, which greatly increase our knowledge of the opening of the third book of the Aetia,2 has been followed by no great critical reaction. Apart from the attractive suggestion of E. Livrea that the 'Mousetrap' (fr. 177 Pf.) may belong within the story of Heracles and Molorchus,3 the episode has had somewhat limited impact.4 This is against the usual trend of over-reaction to the publication of new literary texts (witness the Cologne Archilochus and the new Gallus), and is in part a tribute to the thoroughness and clarity with which Parsons presented the fragments. -
Abbreviations List A
Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th Edition Abbreviations List A. General abr. abridged/abridgement adesp. adespota Akkad. Akkadian app. appendix app. crit. apparatus criticus Aeol. Aeolic art. article Att. Attic b. born Bab. Babylonian beg. at/nr. beginning bibliog. bibliography bk. book c. circa cent. century cm. centimetre/s comm. commentary corr. corrected d. died Diss. Dissertation Dor. Doric end at/nr. end ed. editor, edited by ed. maior/minor major/minor edition of critical text edn. edition Einzelschr. Einzelschrift El. Elamite Eng. English esp. especially Etr. Etruscan exhib. cat. exhibition catalogue fem. feminine f., ff. and following fig. figure fl. floruit Fr. French fr. fragment ft. foot/feet g. gram/s Ger. German Gk. Greek ha. hectare/s Hebr. Hebrew HS sesterces hyp. hypothesis i.a. inter alia ibid. ibidem, in the same work IE Indo-European imp. impression Oxford Classical Dictionary – Abbreviations List in. inch/es introd. introduction Ion. Ionic It. Italian kg. kilogram/s km. kilometre/s lb. pound/s l., ll. line, lines lit. literally lt. litre/s L. Linnaeus Lat. Latin m. metre/s masc. masculine mi. mile/s ml. millilitre/s mod. modern MS(S) manuscript(s) Mt. Mount n., nn. note, notes n.d. no date neut. neuter no. number ns new series NT New Testament OE Old English Ol. Olympiad ON Old Norse OP Old Persian orig. original (e.g. Ger./Fr. orig. [edn.]) OT Old Testament oz. ounce/s p.a. per annum PIE Proto-Indo-European pl. plate plur. plural pref. preface Proc. Proceedings prol. prologue ps.- pseudo- Pt. part ref. reference repr.