Music Initiative Jka Peer - Reviewed Journal of Music

VOL. 01 NO. 01 APRIL 2018

MUSIC INITIATIVE

A PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL OF MUSIC

JK

PUBLISHED,PRINTED & OWNED BY
HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, J&K
CIVIL SECRETARIAT, JAMMU/SRINAGAR,J&K CONTACT NO.S: 01912542880,01942506062 www.jkhighereducation.nic.in

EDITOR
DR. ASGAR HASSAN SAMOON (IAS)

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY HIGHER EDUCATION
GOVT. OF JAMMU & KASHMIR

HIGHER EDUCATION,J&K

JK MUSIC INITIATIVE

A PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL OF MUSIC

INSTRUCTION TO CONTRIBUTORS

A soft copy of the manuscript should be submitted to the Editor of the journal in Microsoft Word le format. All the manuscripts will be blindly reviewed and published after referee's comments and nally after Editor's acceptance. To avoid delay in publication process, the papers will not be sent back to the corresponding author for proof reading. It is therefore the responsibility of the authors to send good quality papers in strict compliance with the journal guidelines.

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JK Music Initiative is a quarterly publication of
Higher Education Department,
Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir (JKHED). All manuscripts published herein represent the opinion of the authors and do not reect the ofcial policy of JKHED or institution with which the authors are afliated unless this is clearly specied. Individual authors

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Notes

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Papers in Journals and other Periodicals

Smith, J. 2012. “Article Title: The Subtitle.” Journal Title in Full 10 (1): 30–40. doi:xxxxxxxxxxx.

Editorial correspondence: [email protected]

Papers in Edited Books, Symposia Proceedings, etc.

Book Single Author: Smith, J. J. 2012. Book Title. Abingdon: Routledge. Reprinted Work: Maitland, F. W. (1898) 1998. Roman Canon Law in the Church of England. Reprint, Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. Edition: University of Chicago Press. 2012. The Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Translated: Smith, John. 2012. Collected Style Manuals. Translated and edited by Jane Jones. Abingdon: Routledge. Thesis: Smith, John. 2008. “Title of Thesis.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.

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JK MUSIC INITIATIVE

JK Music Initiative is a peer Reviewed Academic and Professional Journal dedicated to the promotion of research in all the aspects of World Music with special focus on the Music of Jammu & Kashmir.

EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor

Dr. Asgar Hassan Samoon (IAS)
Principal Secretary, Higher Education,
Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir
Email: [email protected]

Associate Editors

Shabir Ahmad Mir, PhD. Assistant Professor (Vocal)
Department of Higher Education, J&K
Email: [email protected]

Kuldeep Raina, PhD.
Assistant Professor (Vocal)
Department of Higher Education, J&K Email: [email protected]

Editorial board

Abhay Rustum Sopori, Santoor Maestro & Music Composer Email: [email protected]; Mob: 09811622055

Amit Verma, Assistant Professor, Tabla, Visva-Bharati University,
Shantiniketan, W.B .India;
Email: [email protected]; Mob: 09547933029, 09559629049.

Jasmeet Kaur, Assistant Professor, Vocal, Govt. Women‘s College Parade,

Jammu
Email: [email protected]; Mob: 9419797126

Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, Associate Professor, Tabla, Govt. Women‘s College MA Road

Srinagar

Vol.1, No.1 April 2018-JK Music Initiative

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Naveen Sharma, Assistant Professor, Vocal, Govt. Women‘s College
Udhampur

Naveen Sharma, Assistant Professor, Sitar, Govt. Women‘s College parade,

Jammu [email protected]; Mob: 9419450854

Ranjeet Singh Katoch, Assistant Professor, Vocal, Govt. Women‘s College,

Parade Jammu

Samosh Kumar, Assistant Professor, Sitar, Govt. Degree College, Udhampur Email: [email protected]; Mob: 9419867791

Sukhwant kaur, Assistant Professor, Vocal, Govt. Women‘s College, MA Road

Srinagar

ADVISORY BOARD

Pt. Bhajan Sopori (Chief Advisor)

Santoor Maestro & Music Composer

. Agni Shekhar, Culture & History Writer, Jammu.

. Anupam Mahajan, Professor of Music, Faculty of Music & Fine Arts, University of Delhi.
. B. N Mishra, Dean Faculty of Music, BHU

. Mallika BanerjeeAssistant Professor, School of Performing & Visual Arts,
IGNOU, New Delhi.

. Meena Banerjee, Eminent Musicologist, Critic & Writer Kolkata.

. Madhu Shukla, Musicologist, Allahabad. . Pankaj Mala Sharma, Professor (Sitar), Punjab University Chandigarh. . Mysore Manjunath, Violin Maestro & Professor of Music, Mysore University,
Karnataka.
. Raj Kumari Magzine, Former Professor of Music, Jammu. . Rafiq Raaz, Eminent Writer and broadcaster, Kashmir.

. Rakesh Kaul, Eminent Writer, USA . Rajpal Singh, Assistant Professor (Vocal), University of Delhi.

. Ravi Sharma, Former Dean, Faculty of Performing & Visual Arts, M.D
University, Rohtak.
. Ravindra Mishra, Eminent Musicologist & Critic, Delhi . Sanjay Bandopadhyay, Sitar Maestro & Professor of Music Sikkim University. . Sadananda Sahoo, Assistant Professor, School of Interdisciplinary and Trandisciplinary Studies, IGNOU.
. Sudarshana Baruah, Assistant Professor (Vocal) Centre for Performing Arts,
Dibrugarh University, Assam.

. Saroj Ghosh, Professor (Sitar), Punjab University,Chandigarh.

. Sunaina Kaul, Former Instructor (Vocal), IMFA Jammu. . Suneera Kasliwal, Professor & Dean Music Faculty, University of Delhi . Tapasi Ghosh, Assistant Professor(Vocal)University of Calcutta . T.K. Ganjoo, Eminent Educationist – Jammu . Usha Bhagati, Former Professor Music, Jammu. . Varsha Agarwal, Associate Professor (Santoor), Govt. Girls PG college Ujjain. . Vasudha Saxeena, Associate Professor (Tabla), Rajasthan Sangeet Sansthan,
Jaipur.
. Vijay Shanker Mishra, Eminent Indian Rhythm Expert, Educationist,
Musicologist & Writer, Delhi.

Editorial Coordination

Please address all editorial correspondence to: Associate Editor JK Music Initiative E:[email protected] T: (+91) 7051-891-719

Art & Design: Naushad Gayoor, University of Kashmir

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JK MUSIC INITIATIVE

Research Journal of JK Higher Education Department
Vol.1. Issue 1, April 2018.

Contents

07. Foreword

Abhay Rustum Sopori, Santoor Maestro & Music Composer

09. Editorial

Dr. Asgar Hassan Samoon, Editor

RESEARCH PAPERS

12. Modern Approach to Music Education: A Comprehensive Study

Gaveesh Rai

19. Mixing of western music concept in to Indian music

Sudha Sharma

26. Music Education in Kashmir: Present State and the Way Forward

Shabir Ahmad Mir

39. Santoor: origin, evolution & development

Abhay Rustum Sopori

46. Diversity in Music of Jammu and Kashmir

Kuldeep Raina

55. Evidence of Musical Instruments Depicted In Ragamala Painting

K. Tamashwor Sharma

69. Role of four main Chordophones of North Indian Classical music and their current state

Waseem Bhat

81. Gurubani Sangeet and Society

6

Jasmeet Kaur

90. Different types of folk songs prevalent in the Dugger area and their classification

Mukesh Kumar

.

Foreword

It’s my pleasure to welcome you to the inaugural issue of JK Music Initiative, a

quarterly English Peer-Reviewed Music Research Journal. This is a welcoming step by the Department of Higher Education, Govt. of J&K, which has taken special initiative to publish this research journal.

To encourage research work amongst the college and university faculty and students, the Department of Higher Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir has introduced a number of journals covering various areas and subjects. JK Music Initiative, which is in fact the first ever music journal (covering all performing arts styles) being published by the J&K Government, is another jewel in its crown and one of its flagship Journals.

While the journal aims to provide an intellectual platform to the researchers, academicians and scholars of music and performing arts to present and disseminate new research findings and ideas in music& performing arts, it will also take the cultural ethos of J&K State to international level with articles and research papers from scholars and authors within the State as well as outside J&K. It will also be helpful and encouraging to young students to come forward and contribute to the journal. The Journal offers an opportunity to publish well-researched and academically rich papers on all the aspects of world music and performing arts in general and traditional music of J&K in particular. The Editorial Board of the Journal shall follow a pure peer-review process to maintain the quality of the journal.

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I thank Ms. Mehbooba Mufti, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir, Shri
Syed Mohammad Altaf Bukhari, Hon’ble Minister for Education, Govt. of J&K and Smt. Priya Sethi, Hon’ble Minster of State for Education & Culture, Govt. of J&K for their

support in this direction. I congratulate the Editor Dr. Asgar Hassan Samoon, IAS, Principal Secretary to the Government, Department of Higher Education, Govt. of J&K and the entire team of the journal along with all the authors whose papers have been selected for the inaugural edition of the journal.

There are thousands of journals that are printed across the world. I hope JK Music Initiative will soon be amongst the top sought after journals of the world.

Abhay Rustum Sopori

Santoor Maestro & Music Composer,
Member, Editorial Board

EDITORIAL

Department of Higher Education is tirelessly working for promotion of learning in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. In recent past, the Department has taken many pathbreaking initiatives to take the education system to newer heights. In a historically significant decision, the Department has begun promoting quality research in colleges with publication of a galaxy of research journals in sciences, social sciences, humanities, and languages started recently. The Department is constantly striving to create new avenues to benefit students and society at large. Apart from conventional subjects, the Department is keen to promote music education in all educational institutions of the State. To streamline music education, music initiative has been included as part of the Knowledge Initiative Platform .The Department has taken a pledge to revive music education from elementary level to higher education level in the State for which Chief Minister of J&K, her Advisor and Education Minister have extended full support.
Some recent revolutionary steps taken by the Department for Music promotion include the introduction of Music in thirty-five new colleges and creation of twentyFive Posts of Assistant professor Music. To modernize music education in the State, the Department has also initiated establishment and up gradation of music studios in the colleges. We are keen to promote the traditional folk and Sufiana Music of the State. A film and Television Institute is also being set up to promote employability of our graduates.
JK Music Initiative, one of the leading journals of the State Higher Education
Department is a quarterly Research Journal of Music with international dimensions. It is our endeavor to provide an intellectual platform to the teachers, scholars and students

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of music to explore the Universe of music through intensive research, discussions and debate. As scanty scholarly reference/research work is available on music of Jammu & Kashmir; therefore, to fulfill this gap, our Department has taken this taken initiative to publish a quarterly research journal on music to provide opportunity to our professors and scholars who are inclined towards research, to project their research work on an international platform.
School Education Department shall soon introduce Music and Performing Arts as a subject at primary/middle/ high/higher Secondary school levels across the State; for this purpose, music teachers shall be provided to start with six state of art music studios (3 in Kashmir, 2 in Jammu and 1 in Ladakh) to be set up soon by the School Education Department.
We need to fast track setting up of a J&K Institute of Music and Faculty of Music to offer full time professional courses in Music and Performing Arts, Graduate courses like B.A music, PG (Integrated), M.A music and PhD through capable professors who can also offer diplomas and professional courses in sound engineering with skilled technicians to maintain our music studios.
With introduction of classical Music as a subject in 11th and 12th standards, interested students can graduate in music can have basic study as prescribed by the board and minimum qualification for graduate courses in music as per UGC norms. We need to recognize the fact that music cannot be just a substitute or the last option to be offered to students and it should be offered to those who wish to take Music as a degree course.
We may soon introduce BA music as full-time graduate course with full respect and honour like any other course" in Santoor, Vocal, Sitar, Tabla, Violin and the concerned officers should lay emphasis on initiating Music courses in institutions with established Music Faculty like Govt college for women – Maulana Azad Road, Navakadal College, Anantnag college, Baramulla, etc in Kashmir and likewise in Jammu in institutes like Parade College, MAM College, Gandhi Nagar Women's college.
We need to strengthen Music and Fine Arts Institutes of University of Kashmir and
University of Jammu. Professional Music courses such as BA Music, integrated PG, and PG music shall be introduced in Cluster / Central Universities of Kashmir and Jammu. "Sufiana Mausiqui" is being introduced in our colleges as optional subject along with

classical Music. We need to create “Tabla assistant” posts in colleges where music is

taught. Our endeavor is to promote local regional and folk music and instrumental music as add on courses in Cluster Universities.
We need to enhance quality of education in music, quality of instruments, modernization of music studios and class rooms and use ICT in years to come for better quality music. We shall be inviting visiting faculty from outside to our colleges and organize visits of students of State colleges to outside Universities very soon. I am privileged to present you first Issue of JK Music Initiative started with main objective of critically engaging with issues related to world music in general and traditional music of J&K in particular. Inaugural issue of the journal carries a broad spectrum of papers on music of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. It also carries papers on some critical issues related to music education. I wish this Journal to be amongst the topmost scholarly Journals of the world

Editor

Dr. Asgar Hassan Samoon (IAS)
22 April 2018

12

Modern Approach to Music Education: A Comprehensive Study

Gaveesh Rai

Modern Approach to Music Education: A Comprehensive Study

Gaveesh Rai

Assistant Professor Music,
Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab.

ABSTRACT

No doubt Institutional formal Music education system is providing music education all over India but still there are some areas in which this system is lagging behind. Due to changed situations and new challenges this system also need modifications so that it can equip students with musical and general knowledge so as to make them face challenges of life. This article focuses on some areas and issues in our education system which needs modifications. This article provides some remedies how our education can be modified so as to make students earn their livelihood.

Keywords

Music Education, Approach to Music, Practical & Vocational Education

Introduction

From ancient times the teaching of Indian classical music is based on the Guru Shishya
Prampara system. Teacher, the Guru, transmit the musical knowledge to the student [1]. In this

system, dedicated students used to go to guru‘s place (Gurukul) and by full dedication, hard work

and persistence they learn from guru. Gurukul system of learning music helped a lot in preservation of proper style and purity of Classical music. This system went well till end of 19th century. [2]. Next to guru shishya prampara, is Gharana prampara. It is interesting to trace the history of the tradition of the Gharana, which came to be of such importance from the sixteenth century onwards. This was not purely an event of the mediaeval period. Right from the earliest times, there have always different schools of music in our country [3]. In the ancient times, the word used for Gharana was "Samuday". During the times old dhrupad, the word "bani" came into vogue and after the advent of Khayal, the concept of Gharana came into light. In this way the presence of different classes originated in Hindustani Music. [4] In Gharana system teaching was although similar to Gurukul prampara, but with passage of time lot of complications and shortcomings aroused in Gharana system like, jealousy, favoritism, narrow-mindedness and inaccessibility of music education to masses. Dr. Subhadra Chaudhary writes that limited

14 scope, various social and political reasons paved the way to Institutional music education system in India. [5] So in this way for making music education accessible for all, Institutional education system was developed. In this system fixed curriculum, time limit and proper theory and practical examinations were there. Although this system removed some of shortcomings of Gharana prampara but this system has its own shortcomings. Students taught in institutional system are generally seen underdeveloped. They are usually found unable to develop as good artist as well as good teacher. Hence there is a great need to do in-depth research regarding this topic and to find out a new approach which can lead to a new, overhauled system of music education which helps music students to flourish as eminent artists and musicologists.
Anything that is stagnant and not updated with the changing time is likely to be degenerated and parish. For survival and growth with the present time, music education has to be developed in such a fashion that it must cover all the requirements and needs of present day music society. Therefore the time has arrived to review the objectives of music education and techniques of