Die Flexible Welt Der Simpsons

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Die Flexible Welt Der Simpsons BACHELORARBEIT Herr Benjamin Lehmann Die flexible Welt der Simpsons 2012 Fakultät: Medien BACHELORARBEIT Die flexible Welt der Simpsons Autor: Herr Benjamin Lehmann Studiengang: Film und Fernsehen Seminargruppe: FF08w2-B Erstprüfer: Professor Peter Gottschalk Zweitprüfer: Christian Maintz (M.A.) Einreichung: Mittweida, 06.01.2012 Faculty of Media BACHELOR THESIS The flexible world of the Simpsons author: Mr. Benjamin Lehmann course of studies: Film und Fernsehen seminar group: FF08w2-B first examiner: Professor Peter Gottschalk second examiner: Christian Maintz (M.A.) submission: Mittweida, 6th January 2012 Bibliografische Angaben Lehmann, Benjamin: Die flexible Welt der Simpsons The flexible world of the Simpsons 103 Seiten, Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences, Fakultät Medien, Bachelorarbeit, 2012 Abstract Die Simpsons sorgen seit mehr als 20 Jahren für subversive Unterhaltung im Zeichentrickformat. Die Serie verbindet realistische Themen mit dem abnormen Witz von Cartoons. Diese Flexibilität ist ein bestimmendes Element in Springfield und erstreckt sich über verschiedene Bereiche der Serie. Die flexible Welt der Simpsons wird in dieser Arbeit unter Berücksichtigung der Auswirkungen auf den Wiedersehenswert der Serie untersucht. 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ............................................................................................. 5 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .................................................................................... 7 1 Einleitung .................................................................................................... 8 2 Die Serie "Die Simpsons"... ..................................................................... 10 2.1 Allgemeine Daten ..................................................................................... 10 2.2 Die Handlung ........................................................................................... 12 2.3 Die Hauptcharaktere ................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 Homer J. Simpson .................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Marge Simpson ........................................................................ 17 2.3.3 Lisa Simpson ........................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Bart Simpson ........................................................................... 20 2.3.5 Maggie Simpson ...................................................................... 22 3 "Die Simpsons" im Wandel der Zeit..... ................................................... 24 3.1 Die Eröffnungssequenz ............................................................................ 24 3.2 Die Geschichten ....................................................................................... 26 3.3 Das Design der Figuren ........................................................................... 37 3.4 Die Funktionen der Charaktere ................................................................ 44 4 Wiederkehrende Stilmittel..... ................................................................... 54 4.1 Drei-Akte-Struktur .................................................................................... 54 4.1.1 Die Besonderheit des ersten Aktes .......................................... 54 4.1.2 Hauptplot und Nebenplot .......................................................... 55 4.2 Flexible Realität ........................................................................................ 57 4.3 Die richtigen Gags .................................................................................... 65 4.4 Running Gags .......................................................................................... 70 4.5 Wiedersehenswert ................................................................................... 73 5 Zukunft von "Die Simpsons"..... .............................................................. 76 6 Fazit..... ...................................................................................................... 80 Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................................................ 82 Quellenverzeichnis .......................................................................................... 83 Medienverzeichnis (audiovisuelle Medien) .................................................... 85 Anlagen ............................................................................................................ 86 6 Eigenständigkeitserklärung ......................................................................... 103 7 Abkürzungsverzeichnis z.B. = zum Beispiel s.o. = siehe oben o.g. = oben genannt(en) bzw. = beziehungsweise bspw. = beispielsweise etc. = et cetera (und so weiter) ca. = circa o.ä. = oder ähnliches AK = Audiokommentar USA = United States of America (Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika) US = United States (Vereinigte Staaten) S. = Seite S. (X)f = Seite (X) und folgende OT = Originaltitel Vgl. = Vergleiche (bei Quellenangaben) DVD = Digital Versatile Disc CE = Collector’s Edition K = Kurzstaffel (aus der „Tracey Ullman Show“) HD = High Definition (hochauflösende Bildqualität) 8 1 Einleitung „Die Simpsons“ haben seit ihrer Erstausstrahlung im Jahre 1989 (gemeint ist die TV- Serie) die Fernsehlandschaft geprägt wie kaum eine andere Zeichentrick-Comedy- Serie im internationalen Fernsehen. Verschiedene Elemente der „Simpsons“ haben mich schon seit ein paar Jahren interessiert, wie zum Beispiel die Vielfalt der behandelten Themen und Konflikte, die hohe Gagdichte aus temporären Witzen und Running Gags und der unvorhersehbare Handlungsablauf, den man sich selbst nach mehrmaligem Ansehen der gleichen Episoden kaum komplett merken kann. Natürlich ist auch die enorme Zahl an Anspielungen auf die Geschichte und Kultur der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit ein großes und interessantes Thema bei den „Simpsons“. Aus diesem Grund ist es kaum möglich, sämtliche Themen effizient in einer einzigen Ausarbeitung unterzubringen. Darum habe ich mich für den Themenkomplex entschlossen, der mich am meisten interessiert. In meiner Bachelorarbeit möchte ich auf die Entwicklung der Serie in ihren ersten Jahren eingehen. Ich werde dann noch kleine Ausblicke auf den weiteren Verlauf der Serie geben und kurz auf ihre mögliche Zukunft eingehen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird darauf gelegt, welche Mittel die Macher der Serie genutzt haben, um die Effekte zu erzielen, die ich oben beschrieben habe. Hierbei möchte ich ein Element genauer untersuchen, das ich in dieser Arbeit als Flexibilität bezeichne. Dafür werde ich einige dramaturgische Elemente der Serie näher betrachten, wie z.B. die Geschichten und die Funktionen der Charaktere. Dabei werde ich immer das Thema Flexibilität im Auge behalten und herausfinden, inwiefern dieses Element die Serie beeinflusst bzw. bestimmt. Mit dem Begriff „flexible Welt“ möchte ich erklären, wie die vielen Veränderungen im Laufe der Serie eingetreten sind. So werde ich z.B. aufzeigen, dass am Anfang der Serie noch Wert auf eine Kontinuität der Orte und der Figuren gelegt wurde. Dann werde ich die ersten flexiblen Elemente vorstellen, die dazu führen, das Springfield zu einem Ort wird, der von den Machern beliebig verändert werden kann. Dasselbe gilt dann auch für die Charaktere, die plötzlichen Änderungen und Stimmungsschwankungen unterliegen, die ebenfalls der Flexibilität zugeordnet werden können. Um das zu beweisen, brauche ich die dramaturgischen Analysen in den folgenden Kapiteln. Zum Schluss möchte ich dann aufzeigen, in welcher Weise die flexiblen Elemente den Wiedersehenswert der Serie unterstützen. 9 Somit komme ich zu meiner Fragestellung: Inwiefern lässt sich die Welt der Simpsons bzw. Springfield als flexible Welt bezeichnen, wie hat sich dieser Faktor in den ersten Jahren entwickelt und wie unterstützt er den Wiedersehenswert der Serie? Um flüssigeres Lesen zu gewährleisten, werde ich in dieser Arbeit auf Trademark- und Copyrightzeichen verzichten, wenn ich den Titel der Serie nenne. Ich beschränke mich darauf, an dieser Stelle darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Serie „Die Simpsons“ und alles, was damit zu tun hat, Eigentum und Handelsmarke des Senders Fox und 20th Century Fox allgemein ist. Das Urheberrecht von „Die Simpsons“ liegt bei Fox. Dazu möchte ich noch erwähnen, dass ich mich in dieser Arbeit ausschließlich mit der Serie „Die Simpsons“ befasse und den Kinofilm „Die Simpsons – Der Film“ (2007) kaum thematisieren werde. Der Grund dafür ist, dass das Thema Flexibilität, mit dem ich mich hier beschäftigen möchte, sowohl für die Serie als auch für den Kinofilm gilt. Die genannten Beispiele werden sich fast ausschließlich auf die Serie „Die Simpsons“ beziehen und werden ebenfalls kaum die ganze Serie abdecken können, da diese inzwischen mehr als 494 Episoden in 23 Staffeln umfasst und ich nur sorgfältig ausgewählte Beispiele daraus nennen werde. Wenn ich in dieser Arbeit von bestimmten Episoden spreche, dann werde ich den Episodentitel und eine Nummer angeben. Diese Nummer setzt sich aus einer römischen und einer arabischen Zahl zusammen, die durch einen Schrägstrich getrennt sind. Die römische Zahl steht für die Staffel, die arabische Zahl für die Episode. Die Reihenfolge ist nach dem Erstausstrahlungsdatum in den USA festgelegt und stimmt mit der Episodenreihenfolge auf den DVD-Staffeln von „Die Simpsons“ überein. Wenn ich also von Episode I/8 „Bart köpft Oberhaupt“ spreche, dann handelt es sich um die achte Episode aus der ersten Staffel.
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