Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey Has Been Carefully Revised, Remodeled, Set in New Type, and Is Printed on an Extra Quality of Paper
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'.UGRA\'ED BY J A.0T4EI LL.KOBOKEN. N, J. -e^?l^ State of New Jersey. MANUAL Legislature of New Jersey. ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH SESSION. 4885. BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATURE. COPYRIGHT SECURED. TRENTON, N. J.: Fitzgerald & Gosson, Legislative Eeporters, Compilers and Publishers. Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1884, by THOMAS F. FITZGERALD AND ^ LOUIS C. GOSSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 4®^ The newspaper press are welcome to use such parts of the work 5 they may desire, on giving credit therefor to the Manual. Wo^U PREFACE. THIS volume of the Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey has been carefully revised, remodeled, set in new type, and is printed on an extra quality of paper. An improvement has also been made in the binding. Its contents present an array of facts, data and statistics which are of great value and interest to every Jerseyman. Among the additions will be found the Declaration of Independence and the Con- stitution of the United States. The aim of the compilers to make the work superior to all preceding volumes, it will be admitted, has been successful, and it is therefore presented to the Legislature with full confidence that its worth will insure a continuance of the good will and kind appreciation hereto- fore bestowed on the other editions. We return our thanks for favors received from the Governor, the Legislature, State officials, and other friends. Very respectfully, THE COMPILEKS. January 13th, 1885. JOHN L. MURPHY, FINE BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, OPPOSITE CITY HALL, TRENTON, N. J. 1885 ;; HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. In 1606, King James of England granted a new patent for Virginia (ignoring that of Sir Walter Ealeigh, dated in 1584), in which was included the territory now known as the New England States and Kew York, jS'ew Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The possession of Kew Jersey, Pennsylvania and the adjacent lands was claimed respectively by the Dutch and Swedes. The former built Fort Nassau, on the Delaware, near Gloucester ; Fort Orange, on the Hudson, near Albany and the Hirsse of Good Hope, on the Connecticut. Disputes as to the rightful possession of territory continued for years, until the early summer of 1664, when Charles II. sold to John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret " all that tract of land adjacent to New England, and lying and being to the westward of Long Island ; bounded on the east part by the main sea and part by the Hudson river, and hath upon the west Delaware bay or river, and extendeth southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware bay, and to the northward as far as the northernmost branch of said bay or river of Delaware, which is forty-one degrees and forty minutes of latitude, and worketh over thence in a straight line to Hudson river, vhich said tract of land is hereafter to be called by the name, or names, of Noya C^esarea or Netv Jersey." The name was given in honor of Carteret, on account of his gallant defense of the Island of Jersey, at the time he was Governor of the island. This grant regarded the Dutch as intruders, and Berkeley and Carteret not only became rulei-s, but acquired the right to transfer the privilege to others. Measures were speedily devised for peopling and governing the country. The pro- prietors published a constitution, dated February 10th, 1664, by which the government of the province was to be exercised by a Governor and Council and General Assembly. The ^ Governor was to receive his appointment from the proprietors the Council was to be selected by the Governor, who might make choice of six Councillors, at least, (or twelve, at most,) or any even number between six and twelve. On the same day that the instrument of government Avas signed, Philip Carteret, a brother of one of the proprietors, received a commission as Governor of New Jersey. He landed at Elizabeth in August, 1665. (7) 8 HISTOR Y OF NEW JERSEY. The precise date of the first settlements in New Jersey is not known, though it is Ijelieved that the Danes or Norwegians, who cross-ed the Ath\ntic with the Dutch colonists, began a settlement at Bergen about the year 1624. Ten years previous, an attempt was made to form a settlement at Jersey City. In 1623, the Dutch West India Company sent out a ship under the command 'of Capt. Cornelius Jacobse Mey, who entered the Delaware bay and gave his name to its northern cape, and, sailing up the river to Gloucester, built Fort Nassau, which may be considei'ed the first permanent settlement of the State. Upon the arrival of Governor Carteret, he entered at once upon a vigorous discharge of his duties. A large number of settlers flocked thither, and at an early period the executive authority of the province was established by the appointment of a Council, composed of Captain Nicholas Yarlett, Daniel Pierce, Kol)ert Bond, Samuel Edsall, Kobert Vanquellen and William Pardon. James Bollen was appointed Secretary of the province. The first Legislative Assembly in the history of New Jersey met at Elizabethtown, on the 26th of May, 1668. The session lasted four days, and was characterized by harmony and strict attention to the business for which the Burgesses and Eepre- sentatives were summoned by Governor Carteret. It may be noted that this Assembly passed laws by which twelve distinct offenses were made punishable Avith death. The Assembly adjourned siny. die, and seven years elapsed before another convened. The capture of New York by the Dutch, July 30th, 1673, was followed l)y the subjection of the surrounding country, including the province of New Jersey. 1 he whole of the territory, hoAvever, swung back to the jxtssession of the English crown, bv the treaty of peace with Holland, on the 9th" of February, 1674. The second General Assembly began its session on the 5th of November, 1675. Eight members of Council, including the Governor, were present, and fourteen Representatives appeared from the towns. Laws Avere enacted looking to the proper military defense of the province, for the institution of regular courts, and for the assessment of taxes. A code of capital laws Avas also adopted, similar in its provisions to that passed in 1668. On the 18th of March, 1673, Lord Berkeley, one of the original proprietors of Ncav Jersey disposed of his right^ and interest in the province to John Fenwick and Edward Byllinge, members of the Society of Quakers, or Friends, Avho ])aid the sum of one thousand pounds for the same. Jolni FenAvick received the couA^eyance in trust for Edward Byllinge, and a dispute as to the terms having arisen, William Penn Avas called HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. 9 in as arbitrator. He gave one-tenth of the province and a considera])le sum of money to Fenwick, and the remainder of the territory was adjudged to be the property of Byllinge. A permanent settlement was made at Salem, in June, 1675. Owing to the continued disputations and dissensions, a divis- ion of tlie territory of the province was agreed upon. By this ''Indenture Quintipartite," dated July 1st, 1676, the line of division was made to extend across the province, from Little Egg Harbor to a point in the Dehiware river in forty-one degrees of north latitude. These divisions were known respect- ively as East and West Jersey, until the charters of both were surrendered, and the two portions included together under a royal government. By the retercession of New Jersey to Great Britain, by the treaty of 1674, the cjuestion arose whether the title returned to the proprietors or to the King. To avoid all difficulty, the King recognized the claim of Carteret, and made a new grant to the Duke of York, who also executed a fresh conveyance to Carteret, covering, hoAvever, only a part of the original territory of New Jersey. But, before making this conveyance, the Duke included the 2"»rovince in a commission given to Sir Edmimd Andros, Governor of New York, who refused to recognize the authority, as Gov^ernor, of Philip Carteret, arrested all magistrates Avho would not submit to his own jurisdiction, and finally, on April 30th, 16S0, carried Carteret himself prisoner to New York. The Duke was finally pre- vailed upon to acknowledge the claims of the proprietors, and in 1681 the government of Andros came to an end. West Jersey, in Fel)ruary, 1682, was purchased by W^illiam Penn and eleven other Quakers. The first Governor under the new propiietors was Eobert Barclay, a Scotchman, and one of the twelve purchasers, vnjder whom the country became an asylum for the oppressed members of his creed, and for a time enjoyed great prosperity. But the number of proprietors, the fre(iuent sub-divisions and transfers of shares, and various other difficulties in the way of good government, soon involved the province in trouble, and in 1702 the proprietors surren- dered the rights of government to the Crown. Queen Anne appointed Loi'd Cornbury Governor of New York and New Jersey, but each continued to have a separate Assembly. In 1738, New Jersey petitioned for a distinct administration, and Lewis Morris was appointed Governor. The i3opulation was then about 40,000. The last Eoyal Gov- ernor was William Franklin, the natural son of Benjamin Franklin. A State Constitution was adopted in 1776, and some of the most important battles of the Revolution took 1* 10 LIST OF GOVERNORS.