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Region Skåne . . , . , . 2014 TRITASOM ISSN ISNR KTH/SOM//SE ISBN Vision och verklighet i Denna rapport är resultatet av ett forskningsprojekt som Kungliga Tekniska Öresundssamarbetet Högskolan (KTH), Institutionen för Samhällsplanering och Miljö, genomfört Vision och verklighet i Öresundssamarbetet i verklighetoch Vision under åren -. Uppdragsgivare har varit Region Skåne. Forskningsrapport om samarbete Syftet har varit att med utgångspunkt i en vetenskaplig referensram, ekono- och utvecklingspotentialer miska och andra utvecklingsdata samt intervjuer med ett stort antal verk- samma i Öresundsregionen diskutera möjligheter att stärka pågående och i Öresundsregionen framtida utbyten och samarbeten över Öresund. Den förbättrade tillgänglighet som Öresundsbron inneburit skapar potential- GÖRAN CARS, BJÖRN HASSELGREN er för utökat samarbete, men dessa möjligheter realiseras inte med automa- MALIN HANSEN, MAIA ROSTVIK tik. En ökad tillgänglighet leder också till att olikheter och tidigare outfor- skade konª iktytor blir uppenbara på ett nytt sätt. Vår ambition har varit att studera olika möjligheter att med hjälp av formella eller informella insatser realisera utvecklingspotentialer i samspelet mellan Själland och Skåne. Vår bedömning är dels att samarbetet över Öresund varit framgångsrikt, utifrån de givna förutsättningarna, dels att det ¬ nns goda möjligheter att utveckla samarbetet vidare. Den enskilt viktigaste lärdomen av vår studie är samtidigt att det är angeläget att anpassa samarbetsformer och mål till det aktuella samarbetsområdet. Liksom att vara medveten om att det tar tid att nå mer ambitiösa samarbetsmål. KTH www.kth.se Vision och verklighet i Öresundssamarbetet Forskningsrapport om samarbete och utvecklingspotentialer i Öresundsregionen Uppdragsgivare: Region Skåne 2013-12-30 Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH) Samhällsplanering och miljö Stockholm TRITA-SoM 2014-01-27 ISSN 1653-6126 ISNR KTH/SoM/14-01/SE ISBN 978-91-7595-015-0 © Göran Cars, Björn Hasselgren, Malin Hansen & Maia Rostvik Omslagsbild: Från bilddatabasen Stock.XHNG (www.sxc.hu) Tryck: Universitetsservice US-AB Innehållsförteckning Förord ........................................................................................................................................5 Sammanfattning ......................................................................................................................7 1. Inledning ...............................................................................................................................11 1.1 Syfte och uppdrag ..........................................................................................................11 Syfte ......................................................................................................................................................11 Bakgrund ..............................................................................................................................................11 Uppdraget ...........................................................................................................................................12 1.2 Val av studerade områden i projektet ....................................................................... 13 1.3 Metod och material – kvalitativa djupintervjuer och dokumentstudier................. 14 1.4 Vad bidrar denna rapport med? ..................................................................................14 1.5 Rapportens upplägg ..................................................................................................... 15 2. Vision och verklighet i Öresundssamarbetet ................................................................... 17 2.1 Från nationellt till lokalt .............................................................................................. 17 Från statligt till regionalt samarbete i Öresund ................................................................................. 19 Från regionalt till kommunalt samarbete ...........................................................................................21 2.2 En sammanfattande bild .............................................................................................22 3. Synsätt och teorier om gränsöverskridande samverkan och institutionsbyggande ....25 3.1 Samverkan i olika form - den institutionella ramen .................................................25 3.2 Olika samarbetsformer i en gränsöverskridande region ......................................... 29 3.3 Konkurrens, komplement och samverkan ................................................................. 31 3.4 Incitament – piska eller morot? .................................................................................33 3.5 Olikheter driver samverkan ........................................................................................34 4. Samarbeten – förhoppningar och verklighet ..................................................................35 4.1 Iakttagelser från området Kultur och Evenemang ...................................................35 Samverkan – Komplement - Konkurrens ...........................................................................................36 Incitament – piska eller morot ...........................................................................................................38 4.2 Iakttagelser från området Näringsliv .......................................................................40 Samverkan– Komplement – Konkurrens ........................................................................................... 41 Att bemöta institutionella hinder och kulturella skillnader .............................................................. 44 4.3 Iakttagelser från området Forskning och Utbildning ...............................................45 Samverkan – Komplement – Konkurrens ..........................................................................................47 Incitament – piska eller morot .......................................................................................................... 49 Att bemöta institutionella hinder ..................................................................................................... 50 5. Sammanfattande lärdomar inför det fortsatta Öresundssamarbetet ...........................53 5.1 ”Situationsanpassat samarbete” ................................................................................54 5.2 Reflektioner och förslag ............................................................................................. 56 5.3 Tidsperspektiv på integration .....................................................................................58 Bilaga 1: Indikatorer på utvecklingen i Öresund fram till 2012 .......................................... 65 Resandeströmmarna ..........................................................................................................................65 De nya generationerna – språkförståelse och intresset för andra sidan ...........................................68 Bilaga 2: Exempel på Öresundssamarbeten .........................................................................73 Kultur- och Evenemangsområdet ....................................................................................73 Inledning ............................................................................................................................................. 73 Evenstrategin ......................................................................................................................................78 Malmö Arena .....................................................................................................................................80 Copenhagen Arena ............................................................................................................................. 81 Handbolls-VM 2011 .............................................................................................................................83 Eurovision Song Contest .................................................................................................................... 84 Operasamarbetet .............................................................................................................................86 Moriska Paviljongen ...........................................................................................................................87 Öresundsfestivalen .............................................................................................................................87 Näringslivsområdet ..........................................................................................................89 Inledning ............................................................................................................................................89 Copenhagen Malmö Port – ett lyckat gränsövergripande samarbete ..............................................96 Fields och Emporia – två stora köpcenter belägna på var sin sida om brofästet .............................102 Medicon Valley Alliance – Tripel Helix-samverkan inom Life Science ............................................. 106 Positiva erfarenheter sett utifrån ett samarbetsperspektiv ............................................................107 Hinder för samarbete utifrån MVAs synvinkel ................................................................................ 108 Forsknings- och Utbildningsområdet ...........................................................................
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