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Chapter-3 Methodology, Objectives and Hypothesis Impact of People Capability Maturity Model on Individual and Organizational Effectiveness With Reference To P-CMM Certified Units In Rune City Chapter-3 Methodology, Objectives and Hypothesis Page 67-109 Ph.D. In Management Chapter 3 Methodology, Objectives and Hypothesis Section Title Page No 3.0 Relevance of the topic 68 3.1 Type of research 69-72 3.2 Objectives of the study 72-73 3.3 Hypothesis of the study 73 3.4 The population and sample 73-75 3.5 The instrument: Its development and validation 75-78 3.6 The procedure for collecting the data 78-80 3.7 The procedure for analyzing the data 80-82 3.8 Limitations of the study 83 67 Chapter 3 Methodology, Objectives and Hypothesis 3.0. Relevance of the topic People CMM model was adopted by the leading US organizations like IBM, Boeing etc. It is believed that People CMM helped the organizations to improve its workforce processes and also attract and retain skilled employees. Indian software companies started adopting this model to achieve the benefits mentioned above. After reviewing literature on the subject the researcher felt it necessary to trace how far People CMM resulted in improved individual and organizational effectiveness. This chapter explains the procedures followed in conducting the study. Details are provided on the techniques used to develop the research instruments, the selection of sample groups, the procedures for collecting the data, and the procedures for analyzing the data. 68 3.1 Type of research 3.1.1 A research is design of tlie arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. Ref: Sellitz, etc, al: op.cit,p 50. The major decisions are in reference to the following aspects a) What the study is about and what are the types of data needed? b) Why the study is being made? c) Where the data needed, can be found? d) Where and in what area the study will be carried out? e) What periods of time the study will include? f) How much material or how many cases will be needed? g) What bases will be used for selection of cases? h) What techniques of gathering data will be adopted? i) How the data will be analyzed j) How best can these above questions be decided upon and decisions articulated in a manner that the research will be achieved with minimum expenditure of money, time and energy? The decision in respect of data to be collected, the sample to be selected, the manner in which the collected data is to be organized etc. constitutes the trunk of the research design. This must be based on good grounds hence there is a need for methodologically designed research. 69 The practical research design may be conceived of, as con:iprising the following: a) The sampling design, which deals with the method of selecting the subjects to be observed for the given study. b) The observational design, which relates to the conditions under which the observations are to be made or the data are to be secured c) The statistical design, which deals with the question of how many subjects are to be observed and how the observations are to be organized with a view to securing answers to the research problems d) The operational design, which deals with the specific techniques by which the problems specified in the sampling, statistical and observational designs can be carried out 3.1.2 In view of the foregoing and the research topic, the ideal design for the research was identified as descriptive and causal. The studies designed to portray accurately the characteristic of particular situation or group of individuals are known as descriptive studies. The descriptive research on the topic enabled the researcher identify characteristic of the respondents and what they tell about the impact of People CMM/ CMM on individual and organizational effectiveness. The literature provided some idea about the nature of research problem. Descriptive research attempted to determine whether the general understanding was true in respect of the sample chosen for study. The main objective of causal research is to find out the cause and effect relationship. The present study tries to explain whether the expected relationship exists or not. It also attempts to establish whether adoption of People CMM leads to improvement in individual and organizational effectiveness. The data provides evidence to test the causal relationship. 70 Chapter 3 Methodology, Objectives and Hypothesis 3.0. Relevance of the topic People CMM model was adopted by the leading US organizations like IBM, Boeing etc. It is believed that People CMM helped the organizations to improve its workforce processes and also attract and retain skilled employees. Indian software companies started adopting this model to achieve the benefits mentioned above. After reviewing literature on the subject the researcher felt it necessary to trace how far People CMM resulted in improved individual and organizational effectiveness. This chapter explains the procedures followed in conducting the study. Details are provided on the techniques used to develop the research instruments, the selection of sample groups, the procedures for collecting the data, and the procedures for analyzing the data. The descriptive as well as causal studies share common requirements with regard to the study design. The research questions in descriptive and causal studies demand much prior knowledge of the problem to be investigated .It needs to be defined clearly what is to be measured and identify proper method of measurements. The researcher must be able to specify who are to be included in the definition of the given population with reference to which conclusion is drawn .In collecting evidence for this type, clear formulation of what is to be measured is needed .The techniques to be adopted must provide precise, valid and reliable measurements. These are explained in the following pages. 3.1.3 The procedure to be used in descriptive study must be carefully planned since here the aim is to obtain complete and accurate information. The research design for these studies must make a much greater provision for protections against bias .The first step in descriptive research is to define the questions that are to be answered. The questions are formulated with sufficient precision to ensure relevance of the data to the questions. It is necessary to formally define the concepts entering the questions and also to indicate how the concept is to be measured. This restricts the area of the study to the bounds of manageability. The research questions formulated in view of the above are mentioned in chapter 1. After the problem has been formulated specifically enough to indicate what data would be required, the methods by which the data can be obtained must be selected. Tools for collecting the information must be devised if suitable ones do not already exist. Each of the various methods of the data collection - observation, interview, and questionnaire etc.-has its peculiar advantage and limitations. Nature of the problem, the scope of the study, nature of respondents, type of information needed, the degree of accuracy needed etc- are to be considered to select method of data collection. 71 The process of analyzing the data involves coding the respondents and responses i.e. placing each item in the appropriate category, tabulating the data and performing statistical computations. The methods of collecting and analyzing the data are given in the following pages. 3.1.4 Sources of Data Following sources were used to collect the data (ii) Prinfiary sources; Data is collected through Interviews and questionnaire given to People CMM core group members and their associates from People CMM assessed companies and CMM core group members and their associates from CMM assessed companies. The respondents were having a fair understanding of Human Resource processes and worked more than one year in the organizations. (iii) Secondary sources: The following sources were used to obtain pertinent data: a) Published data through books b) Articles on People-CMM c) Software Engineering Institute Website d) Nasscom Website e) Business India & Business World magazines f) People-CMM assessed organizations' websites 3.2 Objectives of the Study The study was undertaken with the following objectives: 1) To find whether the adoption of People CMM enhance the image of the company as a preferred employer. 2) To trace whether the adoption of People CMM help organization to reduce employee turnover. 3) To identify the relationship between the adoption of People CMM and employee satisfaction. 72 4) To know the limitations of People -CMM with reference to the Indian context. 5) To find out if the adoption of People CMM helps organizations achieve business objectives. 3.3 Hypotheses of the study The study investigated whether adoption of People CMM model has any impact on organizational and individual effectiveness. Following hypotheses were derived on the basis of literature review. The study is based on perceptions of employees on specific parameters to test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis I: Adoption of People -CMM model leads to increased individual effectiveness. Hypothesis II: Adoption of People -CMM model leads to increased organizational effectiveness. 3.4 The Population and Sample 3.4.1 This study was geographically limited to the Pune based People CMM assessed organizations with maturity level 2 and above. Databases of Software Engineering Institute, QAI, KPMG and NASSCOM's are used to identify these companies .The universe, i.e. People CMM assessed organizations in Pune area consisted of: 1) Wipro - Maturity Level-5 2) Patni -Maturity Level -3 3) Infosys - Maturity Level -5 4) Tata Consultancy- Maturity Level -5 5) Tata Technology- Maturity Level -5 6) Cognizent Technology- Maturity Level -5 7) IBM-Maturity Level-5 73 Cognizant Technology and IBM declined to participate in the research.
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