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Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos Caracterización Morfológica De Las Accesiones De Dos Especies Del Género Cyclanthera

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Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos Caracterización Morfológica De Las Accesiones De Dos Especies Del Género Cyclanthera Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad del Perú. Decana de América Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas Caracterización morfológica de las accesiones de dos especies del género Cyclanthera de las colecciones del Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) TESIS Para optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo con mención en Botánica AUTOR Benjamin Samuel MEZA QUISPE ASESOR Dr. Enoc Efer JARA PEÑA Lima, Perú 2020 Reconocimiento - No Comercial - Compartir Igual - Sin restricciones adicionales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Usted puede distribuir, remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir del documento original de modo no comercial, siempre y cuando se dé crédito al autor del documento y se licencien las nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones. No se permite aplicar términos legales o medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otros a hacer cualquier cosa que permita esta licencia. Referencia bibliográfica Meza, B. (2020). Caracterización morfológica de las accesiones de dos especies del género Cyclanthera de las colecciones del Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). Tesis para optar el título profesional de Biólogo con mención en Botánica. Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Hoja de Metadatos complementarios Código ORCID del autor 0000-0002-3923-5267 DNI o pasaporte del autor 70543643 Código ORCID del asesor 0000-0002-3264-3145 DNI o pasaporte del asesor 08456362 Grupo de investigación Recursos Genéticos Agencia financiadora Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria La investigación se realizó en el departamento de Recursos Genéticos, de la Estación Experimental Ubicación geográfica donde se Agraria Donoso-Huaral, del Instituto Nacional de desarrolló la investigación Innovación Agraria, con sede en Huaral (Latitud: -11 31º y longitud: -77 14º). A una altitud media de 188 metros sobre el nivel del mar (m.s.n.m.). Año o rango de años en que se De agosto hasta diciembre del 2018 realizó la investigación OCDE: Ciencias Agrícolas Disciplinas OCDE URIS: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.06 Nota: tomar en cuenta la forma de llenado según las precisiones señaladas en la web (las tablas OCDE están incluidas). https://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/archivos/documentos/recepcion_investigacion/Hoja%20de%20metadatos%20co mplementarios_30junio.pdf DEDICATORIA A Dios, a Jesús y a la Virgen, por darme la fuerza espiritual necesaria para cumplir mis metas trazadas. De manera muy especial a mis padres queridos, que supieron apoyarme en todo momento y guiarme por el camino del bien. A mis hermanos y familiares, quienes han estado siempre a mi lado, brindándome su apoyo en los buenos y malos momentos de mi vida. ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero dejar constancia de mi profundo y sincero agradecimiento a quienes de una y otra manera colaboraron en la realización de esta tesis: A la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos por brindarme de excelentes profesores que me guiaron y prepararon no solo en el plano académico, sino también en el ámbito de realización personal. De manera muy especial al Dr. Enoc E. Jara Peña, responsable del Laboratorio de Fitología Aplicada de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, por su apoyo y guía constante durante la elaboración de esta tesis. Al Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria-Donoso, Huaral; particularmente al Departamento de Recursos Genéticos. A la Ing. Mavel Marcelo, responsable del Departamento de Recursos Genéticos-Donoso, por la oportunidad brindada en el desarrollo de esta tesis y su apoyo durante la elaboración de esta tesis. A todos los integrantes del área de Recursos Genéticos-Donoso del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria-Donoso, Huaral. De manera muy especial al Téc. Fidel Macha y a la Téc. Teodora Vega, quienes me apoyaron constantemente durante la elaboración de esta tesis. Al Mg. Alfredo Berrocal por su asesoramiento en el análisis estadístico. iii CONTENIDO DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................................... ii AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................................... iii ÍNDICE DE CUADROS ................................................................................................................ vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................................... ix ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS ..................................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................................3 1.1. OBJETIVOS ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1. Objetivo general ............................................................................................... 5 1.1.2. Objetivos específicos ....................................................................................... 6 1.2. HIPÓTESIS ...................................................................................................................... 6 2. MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................................................................7 2.1. ORÍGEN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DEL GÉNERO Cyclanthera. ...................... 7 2.2. TAXONOMÍA DEL GÉNERO Cyclanthera ....................................................................... 7 2.3. ESPECIES CULTIVADAS Y SEMICULTIVADAS DEL GÉNERO Cyclanthera ............... 7 2.4. RECURSO FITOGENÉTICO ......................................................................................... 12 2.5. EROSIÓN FITOGENÉTICA ........................................................................................... 12 2.6. DIVERSIDAD Y VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA................................................................. 13 2.6.1. DIVERSIDAD FITOGÉNETICA ...................................................................... 14 2.6.2. VARIABILIDAD FITOGENÉTICA ................................................................... 14 2.7. BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA ....................................................................................... 14 2.7.1. GERMOPLASMA ........................................................................................... 15 2.7.1.1. MANEJO DEL GERMOPLASMA ................................................................... 16 2.8. AGROECOLOGÍA .......................................................................................................... 24 2.9. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO .............................................................................................. 25 2.9.1. MATRIZ BÁSICA DE DATOS (MBD) ............................................................. 25 2.9.2. ESTADÍSTICA SIMPLE .................................................................................. 26 2.9.3. ESTADÍSTICA NOMINAL .............................................................................. 26 2.9.4. CORRELACIÓN SIMPLE ............................................................................... 26 2.9.5. ANÁLISIS MULTIVARIADO ........................................................................... 27 2.9.5.1. ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL .................................................................................. 27 2.9.5.1.1. PRUEBA DE KAISER-MEYER-OLKIN (KMO) Y DE ESFERICIDAD DE BARTLETT 27 3. MATERIALES Y METODOLOGÍA ...................................................................................... 30 3.1. LOCALIZACIÓN ............................................................................................................. 30 3.2. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ........................................................... 30 3.2.1. SUELO ........................................................................................................... 30 iv 3.2.2. CLIMA ............................................................................................................. 31 3.3. PREPARACIÓN DEL TERRENO .................................................................................. 31 3.4. PREPARACIÓN DE LAS SEMILLAS ............................................................................. 31 3.5. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LAS SEMILLAS ............................................................................. 32 3.6. DELIMITACIÓN DEL TERRENO ................................................................................... 33 3.7. MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS ............................................................................................ 33 3.7.1. MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ................................................................................ 33 3.7.2. MATERIALES DE LABORATORIO................................................................ 33 3.7.3. PESTICIDAS PARA EL CONTROL FITOSANITARIO .................................. 34 3.7.4. FERTILIZANTES PARA Cyclanthera ............................................................. 34 3.7.5. MATERIALES DE CAMPO ............................................................................ 34 3.7.6. MAQUINARIA
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