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(Gullding,1828)* The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan nes vENus (Jap. Jour. Marac.) Vol. 3S, No. 2 (1979) : 135-140 t] v 7" h" i Crass ostrea rhizophorae (GUILDING,1828) ot9W pt pt pt .(: . k7V F. Ti7Lttr"-`p , M. E. v Y 7IL= 'f-iY ･ £ ' A. 7 fj"!vpt' 7d if'7-, M. 7' u'ri tJk The Karyotype of CTassostTea rhizophorae (GulLDING, 1828)* Faustino RoDRIGuEz-RoMERo, Manuel URIBE-ALCocER, Alfredo LAGuARDA-FIGuERAs and Maria Esther DIUPOTEX-CHoNG (Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolegia, Mexico, D.F., Mcxice) Abstraet The chromQsomes of Ce"assostrea rhizophorae (GulLDING, 1828) from Estero del Pargo, Isla del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico, were analysed by using routine eytogenetie teehniques of genadal tissue to obtain mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. The diploid number (2n) was 20. All chromosomes were biarmed and the arm number was 40. From the cytogenetic point of view, the karyotype of this species was only metacentrie and submetacentric chromosomes as in the ease of other Crassostrea species alreudy studied. Introduction Cra,ssostrea rhizophoo'ae, as other speeies of the genus, has been confused with respect to the identifieation ef its populations in the different localities where they are found. This problem has been solved in part by studies of the morphology of the shell. Nevertheless, these studies have not been useful when the charae- teristics of each species are not well defined. For this reason it has been necessary to consider other aspects related to the biology of these molluscs. 0ne important aspeet that has helped to deterrnine whether an individual belongs to the genus Crassostrea or the genus Ost?'ea is the differenee in internal anatomy. In seareh of features at the eytological level that can be utilized in resolving the systematics Qf oysters of closely related populations, AHMED and SpARKs (1967a, 1967b), LoNGwELL et al. (1967), MENZEL (1968a, 1968b) and others, made studies at the ehrornosomic level in order to compare the ';` Contribution 189 of the Centro de Cicncias del Mar y Limno]ogfa, U.N.A.M. NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan l36 VENUS: Vol. 38, No.2(1979) eytotaxonomy of these organisms. However, karyotypic studies of the two genera have not been completed and although various Crassostrea species have been already studied (LoNGwELL et al., 1967; RoDRIGuEz-RoMERo et al., 1979), the genus Ostrea has been less studied from the eytogenetieal point of view. These chromosomic studies, and others dealing with physiology (STAuBER, 1947) and biochemistry (WILKINs and MATHERS, 1972; NASCIMENTO and RODRIGuEs, 1976), ean be valuable in eomparing and better understanding the biology and taxonomy of the Ostreidae at interespecifie Ievel. For these reasons, it is of interest to know the characteristies of the ehromosomie cernplement of these speeies in order to have cytogenetie data that can add to the knowledge of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the oysters. In this present work, the results of karyotypie analysis of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea･ rhi2ophorae are reported for specimens of populations located in Isla del Carmen, Campeche, Mexieo. Material and methods Ten specimens from Estero del Pargo, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeehe, Mexico, were proeessed to obtain chromosomes by the air drying technique used by RODBIGuEz-RoMERo et al. (1978). In each organism, the ehromosomes of one mitotic field were measured, statistically analyzed and classified aecording to LEvAN et at., (1964) and AL- AIsH (1969). Results The diploid number obtained was 20 (2n). All ehromosomes were biarmed asxtK"2 k" } as IS 3 4 s "･k "K7 IX -x as s 6 8 g !e Fig. 1.The"pkaryotype of Crassostrea rhi2obhorae -7" h' i･ 0 ･tu' av NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan RODRIGuEz-RoMERo et al. :Karyotype of Crassostrea rhixophorae 137 tt/t.t/tt ..tt .tt/.. tt.t. tt tt t. t.t tt ,e '///'/"'. ti,titl':,,t.; '.1;'.. i/'.' ,. "'i ' '"' ttttt ttt"t tt t/ t/ t t/ tt e tt lsi:･'';i･ ' 'ti''":/1"1'11"'l''" s ' "' ".tw, 'tt pt - \k. 1･ /xi･ , ilSki･fieN'"xs"!x,''k/ - '1,･,･k ,,' ･ ･"･ n-･ ts t t/ ' ' ' '･t/it.L･,i･･･,',/,,/,･･';',･,l,･･ /ttt"･,?'/, ,i,-.-.･･, ･,･. , st1 ,,t; ttt/ ,, ttt tt.tttt .//tt//ttt/ ttt. tt tt ' ''.lnt./// ,," /t/ t /t ttt./ ttt..t.ttttt.. t/ //t tt,' t/ ',,',t t '', .,',L/, t, ,, ,, tttt. t..t.tt ,, ttt tt ttt ttt t t., .. , ,ttt/. , /,. /, / t t., ,,. ,. t/ ., ./., //t=, t tt , t/tttt, 'lx･- t , . , .g, te $eqesasts ･ tltt/t/t t /,t//,,./t,. '"' ' ""ts ･ t t"'tt tt tt tt t/ / tt tt t tt/ Nsiyt/ t tt ttt ' ,,,. ･11･ k*ts ,.,,,･･,,,･･1,,' ,Xl･ag.･･-,･ .t ',l ttt t/ t/tt / tttt .t tttt . tt t t ttt.tttt . /t .t t/t . ttt .//tt t ,, t '.tt//'tl. 't/ti.t/t/,.,.ttt /t,,;',t'' ' t,' t/ ,'t '.. , /t,,' t /t /t t t ,as,.-, 'Se}''i t /t t t tttttt ttt/t t ,wk',･･''i,･'IL,//,,i,Y,'.'',':'･/i.,'-/1, ,',' 1,i'' ttt ' t tt tt t ttll/"ttt '. ttt ',,, - ･ # s'.' ･'･ -',･ pt tt t '.･･'･ ,,,i;' r.,,,,,,'i:.･ ,{ t･'' /･t/t't'"r:..tt/''/t,/' t./t,'t,ttt, ,' ,ta. ,,? ," ,' ny, ts'･･'l･,t･lit･,1,,･l-ill･･i･,,eq･;l}･ll･Elilliiii･', Sgi//i,?rcee Waseei',,t/t t "'''"""S,:i',-'i,l'{,tsigeliee',.t.t...t,t,t,.t.t/:,..,/t:./t.ll:l.' ,. ･., ,,/･,,,･ }･Silifii,eex- , t".,,l, ,/.･ t,,l, /tttttt/t!tttttil/ttt/tttt: ' t/t tt t/t/tt ･ tttttt t tttt / /''t'''tt't;'''tt'/t''//ti"'t'//"'t"/' ,, l,iiillg,･x･ig,,:,{,･ , ,;si//i Fig. 2. Mitotlc fields of Crassostrea rhi=oPhorae. h V 7' V)'i Ol>paue 2a-d: 2n-20. 2e: Tetrapleid g!iNPS and the arm number was 40, The ehromosomes of C. rhi2ophorae differ little in size except for the first and the last pairs. The pairs 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 are metacentries and the pairs 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9 are submetaeentrics (Table 1, Fig. 1). Other features of ehromosome morphology, sueh as seeondary eonstrictions, satellites and sexual ehromosomes, were not identified (Figs. 2-3). Meiotic eomplexes at diakinesis showed 10 bivalent figures. Discussion Sincethe original descriptiens of GulLDING in 1828, populations of NII-Electronic Library Service The malaoologioalmalacological societysooiety of Japan VENUS ： VoL 38 No ．2 1979 138 ， （ ） lDEOGRAM OF Fig ．3． The iCleogram of Crassostrea rhizoPhorae showing only biarmed chromosomes ordered in two groups ： metacentrlcs and submetacentrics ． カ リ ブ ガ キ の 染 色 休 図 つ 2 表 。 双 腕 を も 群 （中 部付 着， 次 中 部 付 着 ） の み か ら な る 。 Table 1． Relative values for the identification of the chromosomes of CrassostrearhigoPhorea （GulLDING ， 1828 ）． カ リ ブ ガ キ 各 染色 体 同定 の た め の 相 対 値 Total Chromosome P11 Q Length RL138 CI AR Classificatien 1 ．727 13 ．7813 25．5021 ．86116 45．9634 1．171 m 2 ．59 ，9811 ．4820 ．97113 ．9145 ．861 sm 3 ．56 ．3312 ．8319 ．43108 ．6034 ．101 m 4 ．938 ．9410 ．8718 ．20102 ．8745 ．861 sm 5 ，516 ．3811 ．8917 ．8697 ，0534 ，2J1 m 6 ．175 ．8011 ．9716 ，8589 ．3332 ．912 sm 7 ，276 ．118 ．3815 ．2085 ．1743 ．IOl sm 8 ．784 ．949 ．7314 ，6680 ，1032 ，312 m 9 ．735 ．956 ．7012 ．0566 ，1744 。101 sm 10 ．5 ，78 ．28 ．87 ．78 ．23 m 183 ．63 999 ，95 P ；Length of the shQrt arm 短 腕 長 ； Q Length of the long arm 長 腕 長 Total length” ’ 総 染色 体長 に 対 す る 各 染 色 体 の 比 長 RL ＝R ・ 1・ tive 1・ ngth ＝ × 1・ OOO ・ S 。 th 。 f T6fit ［ e 。g th （千 分 比 ） ＝ P CI ＝Centromeric index × 100 短 腕 比 （動 原体指数 ） Total length PQ AR ＝Arm ratio ＝ 染 色 体 の 腕 長 比 一 NII-ElectronicN 工 工 Eleotronio Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan RoDRIGuEz-RoMERo et al.: Karyotype of Crassostrea rhizophorae 139 CTassostrea rhizophorae (named Ostrea Thizophorae by the author) have been reported in other areas of the Caribbean i. e. in Venezuela, Cuba and Brazil. The reports, in some eases, have referred to this speeies under different seientific names, thereby causing confusion as to its nomenclature (MATTox, 1949; BoNILLA, 1969). This eonfusion has hindered the efforts to have a better understanding of organisms. From the aquaculture point of view, these oysters are of eonsiderable importance as there now exists the possibility of experi- mental eultivation as is done in Venezuela (MANDELLI and ACUNA, 1975; VELEz, 1968) and Cuba (NIKOLIc and MELENDEz, 1968). This interest in aquaculture motivated studies, partieularly eeological and of seasonal gonadic changes, that led to a better understanding of the requirements necessary for good suceess with experimental eultivation (MATTOX, 1949; ANGEL, 1972; VELEz, 1972; VELEz and BoNILLA, 1972). However, other biologieal studies of Crassostrea rhi2ophorae are searce. of chromosome Studies analysis have produced the cytotaxonomy whieh ean be used to solve similar problems with other oyster species. In the genus CrassostTea it is possible to apply this criterion onee the studies on the karyotypes of this taxon have been eompleted. In the ease of C. rhizophoTae, the presenee in its karyotype of a diploid number of 20, an arm number of 40, and a chromosomic morphology integrated exclusively by metaeentric and submetaeentric chromosomes, indicates that it is closely related to other parental speeies already studied. This has been confirmed in part by MENzEL (1968li), in studies on experimental interspecific hybridization. It is of furidamental importanee to know the karyotypic features of all the species of this genus to determinate the various similarities and differenees that ean be used to recognize eaeh speeies by means of this eytotaxonomie method, even in the Iarval stages.
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