DOCSLIB.ORG

Farmers' Crop Varieties and Farmers' Rights

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Farmers' Crop Varieties and Farmers' Rights Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Michael Halewood Edited by ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY ver the last 50 years there has been a growing appreciation of the important role that farmers play in the development and conservation of crop genetic diversity, and the Ocontribution of that diversity to agro-ecosystem resilience and food security. This book examines policies that aim to increase the share of benefits that farmers receive when others use the crop varieties that they have developed and managed, i.e., ‘farmers’ varieties’. In so doing, the book addresses two fundamental questions. The first question is ‘how do farmer management Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Rights practices – along with other factors such as environment and the breeding systems of plants – affect the evolution and maintenance of discrete farmers’ varieties?’ The second question is ‘how can policies that depend on being able to identify discrete plant varieties accommodate the agricultural realities associated with the generation, use and maintenance of farmers’ varieties?’ This focus on discreteness is topical because there are no fixed, internationally recognized taxonomic or legal definitions of farmers’ varieties. And that presents a challenge when developing policies that involve making specific, discrete farmers’ varieties the subject of legal rights or privileges. The book includes contributions from a wide range of experts including agronomists, anthropologists, geneticists, biologists, plant breeders, lawyers, development practitioners, activists and farmers. It includes case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe where, in response to a diversity of contributing factors, there have been efforts to develop policies that provide incentives or rewards to farmers as stewards of farmers’ varieties in ways that are sensitive to the cultural, taxonomic and legal complexities involved. The book situates these initiatives in the context of the evolving discourse and definition of ‘farmers’ rights’, presenting insights for future policy initiatives Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Michael Halewood is a senior scientist and leader of the Genetic Resources Policies, Institutions and Monitoring Group at Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. Farmers’ Rights CHALLENGES IN TAXONOMY AND LAW EDITED BY Michael Halewood ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABILITY / Cover photos: (clockwise from top) Bhuwon Sthapit, Bioversity International; FAO/Giulio Napolitano; Francesco Finocchio, Bioversity International; IRRI AGRICULTURE & FOOD / LAW Photos/Samjhana Shrestha www.routledge.com Routledge titles are available as eBook editions in a range of digital formats Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Over the last 50 years there has been a growing appreciation of the important role that farmers play in the development and conservation of crop genetic diversity, and the contribution of that diversity to agro-ecosystem resilience and food security. This book examines policies that aim to increase the share of benefits that farmers receive when others use the crop varieties that they have developed and managed, i.e., ‘farmers’ varieties’. In so doing, the book addresses two fundamental questions. The first question is ‘how do farmer management practices – along with other factors such as environment and the breeding systems of plants – affect the evolution and maintenance of discrete farmers’ varieties?’ The second question is ‘how can policies that depend on being able to identify discrete plant varieties accommodate the agricultural realities associ- ated with the generation, use and maintenance of farmers’ varieties?’ This focus on discreteness is topical because there are no fixed, internationally recognized taxonomic or legal definitions of farmers’ varieties. And that presents a chal- lenge when developing policies that involve making specific, discrete farmers’ varieties the subject of legal rights or privileges. The book includes contributions from a wide range of experts including agronomists, anthropologists, geneticists, biologists, plant breeders, lawyers, devel- opment practitioners, activists and farmers. It includes case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe where, in response to a diversity of contribut- ing factors, there have been efforts to develop policies that provide incentives or rewards to farmers as stewards of farmers’ varieties in ways that are sensitive to the cultural, taxonomic and legal complexities involved. The book situates these initiatives in the context of the evolving discourse and definition of ‘farmers’ rights’, presenting insights for future policy initiatives. Michael Halewood is a senior scientist and leader of the Genetic Resources Policies, Institutions and Monitoring Group at Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Issues in Agricultural Biodiversity Series editors: Michael Halewood and Danny Hunter This series of books is published by Earthscan in association with Bioversity International. The aim of the series is to review the current state of knowledge in topical issues associated with agricultural biodiversity, to identify gaps in our knowledge base, to synthesize lessons learned and to propose future research and development actions. The overall objective is to increase the sustainable use of biodiversity in improving people’s well-being and food and nutrition security. The series’ scope is all aspects of agricultural biodiversity, ranging from conservation biology of genetic resources through social sciences to policy and legal aspects. It also covers the fields of research, education, communication and coordination, information management and knowledge sharing. Published titles: Crop Wild Relatives A manual of in situ conservation Edited by Danny Hunter and Vernon Heywood The Economics of Managing Crop Diversity On-Farm Case studies from the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative Edited by Edilegnaw Wale, Adam Drucker and Kerstin Zander Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security Stakeholder perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Edited by Christine Frison, Francisco López and José T. Esquinas Crop Genetic Resources as a Global Commons Challenges in international law and governance Edited by Michael Halewood, Isabel López Noriega and Selim Louafi Community Biodiversity Management Promoting resilience and the conservation of plant genetic resources Edited by Walter S. de Boef, Abishkar Subedi, Nivaldo Peroni and Marja Thijssen Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Diversifying Food and Diets Using agricultural biodiversity to improve nutrition and health Edited by Jessica Fanzo, Danny Hunter, Teresa Borelli and Federico Mattei Community Seed Banks Origins, evolution and prospects Edited by Ronnie Vernooy, Pitambar Shrestha and Bhuwon Sthapit Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Challenges in taxonomy and law Edited by Michael Halewood Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Challenges in taxonomy and law Edited by Michael Halewood Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Bioversity International All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Farmers’ crop varieties and farmers’ rights : challenges in taxonomy and law / edited by Michael Halewood. pages cm. — (Issues in agricultural biodiversity) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Plant varieties—Protection. 2. Agrobiodiversity conservation—Law and legislation. 3. Farmers—Legal status, laws, etc. 4. Agriculture and state. I. Halewood, Michael, 1963– editor. K3876.F37 2016 343.07'6—dc23 2015036553 ISBN: 978-1-84407-890-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-84407-891-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-84977-566-3 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Contents Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgements and dedication xiv 1 Farmers’ varieties and farmers’ rights: challenges at the crossroads of agriculture, taxonomy and law 1 MICHAEL HALEWOOD AND ISABEL LAPEÑA PART I Dynamism in the field: factors affecting the evolution and maintenance of distinct traits in farmers’ varieties 25 2 Technical challenges in identifying farmers’ varieties 27 JEREMY CHERFAS 3 The farmer’s role in creating new genetic diversity 43 CARLO FADDA PART II Case studies at the interface of farmer variety enhancement efforts and national policies 57 4 Leveraging the successful participatory improvement of Pokhareli Jethobudho for national policy development in Nepal 59 PRATAP KUMAR SHRESTHA 5 Promoting policy support for the enhancement
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sja V 18 I 1 2020.Pdf
    SAARC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE (SJA) Volume 18, Issue 1, 2020 ISSN: 1682-8348 (Print), 2312-8038 (Online) © SAC The views expressed in this journal are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of SAC Published by SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Phone: 880-2-8141665, 8141140; Fax: 880-2-9124596 E-mail: [email protected], Website: http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/SJA/index Editor-in-Chief Dr. Mian Sayeed Hassan Director, SAARC Agriculture Centre BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Managing Editor Dr. Ashis Kumar Samanta Senior Program Specialist, SAARC Agriculture Centre BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Associate Editor Fatema Nasrin Jahan Senior Program Officer, SAARC Agriculture Centre BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Printed at Natundhara Printing Press, 277/3, Elephant Road, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh Cell: 01711019691, 01911294855, Email: [email protected] ISSN: 1682-8348 (Print), 2312-8038 (Online) SAARC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE VOLUME 18 ISSUE 1 JUNE 2020 SAARC Agriculture Centre www.sac.org.bd EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Dr. Mian Sayeed Hassan Director, SAARC Agriculture Centre BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Managing Editor Dr. Ashis Kumar Samanta Senior Program Specialist, SAARC Agriculture Centre BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Associate Editor Fatema Nasrin Jahan Senior Program Officer, SAARC Agriculture Centre BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Members Dr. M. Jahiruddin Dr. Muhammad Musa Professor Deputy Director (Research) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural Faisalabad, Pakistan University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding
    BSCBO- 302 B.Sc. III YEAR Economic Botany, Genetics And Plant Breeding DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY SCHOOL OF SCIENCES UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding BSCBO-302 Expert Committee Prof. J. C. Ghildiyal Prof. G.S. Rajwar Retired Principal Principal Government PG College Government PG College Karnprayag Augustmuni Prof. Lalit Tewari Dr. Hemant Kandpal Department of Botany School of Health Science DSB Campus, Uttarakhand Open University Kumaun University, Nainital Haldwani Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany School of Sciences Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani Board of Studies Prof. Y. S. Rawat Prof. C.M. Sharma Department of Botany Department of Botany DSB Campus, Kumoun University HNB Garhwal Central University, Nainital Srinagar Prof. R.C. Dubey Prof. P.D.Pant Head, Department of Botany Director I/C, School of Sciences Gurukul Kangri University Uttarakhand Open University Haridwar Haldwani Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany School of Sciences Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani Programme Coordinator Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany School of Sciences Uttarakhand Open University Haldwani, Nainital Unit Written By: Unit No. 1. Prof. I.S.Bisht 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR) & 8 Regional Station, Bhowali (Nainital) Uttarakhand UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 1 Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding BSCBO-302 2-Dr. Pooja Juyal 04 Department of Botany Uttarakhand Open University Haldwani 3. Dr. Atal Bihari Bajpai 9 & 11 Department of Botany, DBS PG College Dehradun-248001 4-Dr. Urmila Rana 10 & 12 Department of Botany, Government College, Chinayalisaur, Uttarakashi Course Editor Prof. Y.S. Rawat Department of Botany DSB Campus, Kumaun University Nainital Title : Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding ISBN No.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenario of Plant Breeding in Nepal and Its Application in Rice
    Hindawi International Journal of Agronomy Volume 2021, Article ID 5520741, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5520741 Review Article Scenario of Plant Breeding in Nepal and Its Application in Rice Bigyan K. C. ,1 Rishav Pandit ,1 Bishnu Prasad Kandel ,2 Kanchan Kumar K. C. ,3 Arpana K. C. ,4 and Mukti Ram Poudel 5 1Department of Plant Breeding, PG Program, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal 2Purwanchal Agriculture Campus (PAC), Gauradaha, Jhapa, Nepal 3Department of ICT and Extended Learning, NIST Foundation, Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal 4Department of Environmental Science, PG Program, Goldengate International College, Tribhuvan University, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal 5Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Campus, Siddharthanagar-1, Rupandehi, Nepal Correspondence should be addressed to Bigyan K. C.; [email protected] Received 13 February 2021; Accepted 19 June 2021; Published 30 June 2021 Academic Editor: Neeti Sanan Mishra Copyright © 2021 Bigyan K. C. et al. +is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Rice, the number one staple food crop of Nepal, contributes nearly 20% to the agricultural gross domestic product, almost 7% to gross domestic product, and supplies with 40% of the food calorie consumption of Nepalese people. Despite of increasing production, the national demand of rice cannot be fulfilled, and billions of rupees are spent yearly for importing rice from India. +is article reviews history, recent scenario, prospects, and importance of rice breeding research in Nepal for self-sufficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of a Nepali Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Population
    Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of a Nepali Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Population by Kamal Khadka A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Agriculture Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Kamal Khadka, May, 2020 ABSTRACT GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF A NEPALI SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) POPULATION Kamal Khadka Advisor(s): Dr. Alireza Navabi University of Guelph, 2020 Dr. Manish N. Raizada Nepal has been completely dependent on introduced wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for variety development despite having >500 landraces in the national genebank. No Nepali wheat genetic resources were involved in the development of any of the 43 varieties released in Nepal for commercial cultivation. Nepal’s capacity to genotype and phenotype its wheat germplasm, in order to utilize it for breeding, is in its infancy due to a lack of resources. To assist breeding efforts for Nepal, here, I hypothesized that: (1) Nepali spring wheat germplasm is genetically and phenotypically diverse; (2) that the important physio- morphological traits have a genetic basis; and (3) that promising accessions for future targeted breeding can be identified using such genotyping and phenotyping. I assembled the Nepali Wheat Diversity Panel (NWDP) consisting of 318 spring wheat accessions including landraces, CIMMYT lines and released varieties. The NWDP was phenotyped in four different field experiments (2 each in Nepal and Canada) and also under controlled conditions. Analysis of 95K high density GBS markers showed greater genetic diversity in the Nepali landrace group compared to modern germplasm. Unexpectedly, the population structure analysis revealed four, rather than 3 subpopulations as was originally expected based on breeding history, with significant admixture within each subpopulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 November 15-18 Chitwan, Nepal
    “Enhancing Buffalo Production for Food and Economy” Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 November 15-18 Chitwan, Nepal Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries Agriculture and Forestry University Chitwan, Nepal Symposium Advisors: Prof. Ishwari Prasad Dhakal, PhD Vice Chancellor, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal Prof. Manaraj Kolachhapati, PhD Registrar, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal Baidhya Nath Mahato, PhD Executive Director, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Dr. Bimal Kumar Nirmal Director General, Department of Livestock Services, Nepal Prof. Nanda P. Joshi, PhD Michigan State University, USA Director, Directorate of Research & Extension, Agriculture and Forestry Prof. Naba Raj Devkota, PhD University, Chitwan, Nepal Symposium Organizing Committee Logistic Sub-Committee Prof. Sharada Thapaliya, PhD Chair Prof. Ishwar Chandra Prakash Tiwari Coordinator Bhuminand Devkota, PhD Secretary Dr. Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai Member Prof. Ishwar Chandra Prakash Tiwari Member Prof. Mohan Prasad Gupta Member Prof. Mohan Sharma, PhD Member Matrika Jamarkatel Member Prof. Dr. Mohan Prasad Gupta Member Dr. Dipesh Kumar Chetri Member Hom Bahadur Basnet, PhD Member Dr. Anil Kumar Tiwari Member Matrika Jamarkatel Member Ram Krishna Pyakurel Member Dr. Subir Singh Member Communication/Mass Media Committee: Manoj Shah, PhD Member Ishwori Prasad Kadariya, PhD Coordinator Ishwori Prasad Kadariya, PhD Member Matrika Jamarkatel Member Rajendra Bashyal Member Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD Member Dr. Dipesh Kumar Chetri Member Himal Luitel, PhD Member Dr. Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai Member Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD Member Reception Sub-Committee Dr. Anjani Mishra Member Hom Bahadur Basnet, PhD Coordinator Gokarna Gautam, PhD Member Puskar Pal, PhD Member Himal Luitel, PhD Member Dr. Anil Kumar Tiwari Member Shanker Raj Barsila, PhD Member Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Plant-Breeding R&D in Tractor Adoption
    IFPRI Discussion Paper 01719 April 2018 The Role of Plant-Breeding R&D in Tractor Adoption among Smallholders in Asia: Insights from Nepal Terai Hiroyuki Takeshima Yanyan Liu Development Strategy and Governance Division Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI’s strategic research aims to foster a climate-resilient and sustainable food supply; promote healthy diets and nutrition for all; build inclusive and efficient markets, trade systems, and food industries; transform agricultural and rural economies; and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is integrated in all the Institute’s work. Partnerships, communications, capacity strengthening, and data and knowledge management are essential components to translate IFPRI’s research from action to impact. The Institute’s regional and country programs play a critical role in responding to demand for food policy research and in delivering holistic support for country-led development. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world. AUTHORS Hiroyuki Takeshima ([email protected]) is a Research Fellow in the Development Strategy and Governance Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC. Yanyan Liu ([email protected]) is a Senior Research Fellow in the Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC. Notices 1 IFPRI Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results and are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. They have not been subject to a formal external review via IFPRI’s Publications Review Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • 34 Adapting Crop Varieties to Environments and Clients
    January 2006 ADAPTING CROP VARIETIES TO ENVIRONMENTS AND CLIENTS THROUGH DECENTRALIZED - PARTICIPATORY APPROACH M.T.K.Gunasekare 1 ABSTRACT Since 1990s, participatory approaches have became a driving force for agricultural research and rural development. The participatory approach in crop improvement involves the client-farmer in the cultivar selection or breeding and highly appropriate for increasing food security and improving livelihoods of subsistence farmers in developing countries. This has developed over the past decades as an alternative and complementary breeding approach to formal plant breeding to effectively address the needs of the farmers, especially in marginal or resource poor areas. In pursuit of this concept, this paper discusses the trends, advantages and challenges in this approach highlighting the contemporary evidence of success case studies commissioned by various authorities worldwide. While successful experiences are evident, the potential of such applications are still to be explored. Among the key challenges to the approach, this article pays attentions especially to technical, economic and institutional challenges that need to be overcome to integrate end-users based participatory approaches into the formal plant breeding systems. The paper concludes by describing synergies that can potentially be achieved by linking centralized and decentralized plant breeding models over biotechnological methods. Key words : Formal plant breeding, Participatory plant breeding, Participatory Vareital Selection, marginal environments, decentralized testing, modern varieties INTRODUCTION south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (Pinstrup-Andersen et al., 1999). The Crop improvement plays an important necessary increase in agricultural role in the development and production represents a huge challenge strengthening of local agricultural to the local farming systems and must systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Genetic Resources: ASIAN PERSPECTIVES
    Plant Genetic Resources: ASIAN PERSPECTIVES (1) Second National Focal Point Meeting (GCP/RAS/240/JPN) (2) Asian Consultation on updating the Global Plan of Action for Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA (3) Workshop on the International Treaty on PGRFA Chiang Mai, 6-10 September 2010 Plant Genetic Resources: ASIAN PERSPECTIVES viii Plant Genetic Resources: ASIAN PERSPECTIVES Record of the Meetings: (1) Second National Focal Point Meeting of Project GCP/RAS/240/JPN (2) Asian consultation for the update of the Global Plan of Action on the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA (3) Workshop on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 6-10 September 2010 Chiang Mai, THAILAND i Plant Genetic Resources: ASIAN PERSPECTIVES This publication is printed by The FAO Regional Project “Capacity building and enhanced regional collaboration for the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources in Asia” (GCP/RAS/240/JPN) The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variability and Correlation Coefficients of Major Traits in Cold Tolerance Rice (Oriza Sativa L.) Under Mountain Environment of Nepal
    NH Ghimire and PM Mahat (2019) Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(4): 445-452 DOI: 10.3126/ijasbt.v7i4.26922 Research Article Genetic Variability and Correlation Coefficients of Major Traits in Cold Tolerance Rice (Oriza sativa L.) Under Mountain Environment of Nepal Netra Hari Ghimire1*, Paras Mani Mahat1 1Agriculture Research Station, Vijaynagar, Jumla, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Article Information Abstract Received: 21 September 2019 This study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Vijayanagar, Revised version received: 09 November 2019 Jumla Nepal comprising fifteen genotypes of cold tolerance rice during regular Accepted: 13 November 2019 rice growing season of high hill in 2015 in RCBD (Randomized Complete Published: 28 December 2019 Block Design) with three replications to observe genetic variability, correlation, heritability, genetic advance and clustering of genotypes in relation Cite this article as: to yield and yield associated traits and selection and advancement of early NH Ghimire and PM Mahat (2019) Int. J. Appl. Sci. maturing, high yielding, disease resistant, and cold tolerance genotypes for high Biotechnol. Vol 7(4): 445-452. mountain area. Analysis of variance revealed that all characters except number DOI: 10.3126/ijasbt.v7i3.26922 of panicle per hill were significantly different indicating presence of variation in genetic constituents. Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher *Corresponding author than genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all the corresponding traits Netra Hari Ghimire, under study indicating environmental influence for the expression of the traits. Agriculture Research Station, Vijaynagar, Jumla, Nepal Higher PCV and GCV value were obtained in grain yield (Yld), number of grain Agricultural Research Council Nepal per panicle (NGPP) and number of panicle per hill (NPPH).
    [Show full text]
  • Farmers and Plant Breeding
    ‘Engaging farmers and their families in all stages of the global effort to make agricultural systems more sustainable and productive is a vital prerequisite to success. This timely and remarkable book focuses on collaborations between farmers and plant breeders across all types of agroecosystems, and offers real hope for widespread redesign and transformation’. Jules Pretty, University of Essex, UK ‘Addressing the Grand Challenges faced by agriculture under a global chang- ing climate requires a highly client- oriented, participatory research- for- development approach. This book provides insights on, and lessons learnt from ‘citizen science’ for both decentralized plant breeding and on- farm variety testing. It further shows how genetic diversity may remain in agro- ecosystems by involving the farming community in crop betterment and deployment. This publication also highlights the hurdles to overcome when pursuing participatory plant breeding. Its analytical and clearly written text along with the examples given by various authors in each chapter demon- strates the advantages of this citizen science approach for variety replacement elsewhere’. Rodomiro Ortiz, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ‘This book will be of interest not only to researchers working directly on crop improvement, but also to policy makers and other professionals involved in food and nutritional security. The authors amalgamate knowledge from decades of farmers’ participation in plant breeding, as a major component of improving various crops around the world. For generations, farmers have been advancing their varieties through on- farm mass selections while also conserving seeds. Therefore, it is highly prudent to enhance the partnership between farmers and plant breeders. The publication contributes to this goal by providing insight into approaches, concerns, new perspectives and legal contexts for effective farmer- breeder collaborations’.
    [Show full text]
  • 05 72 Nepal Vol 2 COVER.Indd
    On-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Nepal Volume II. Managing diversity and promoting its benefits Proceedings of the Second National Workshop 25–27 August 2004, Nagarkot, Nepal B.R. Sthapit, M.P. Upadhyay, P.K. Shrestha and D.I. Jarvis, editors SWISS AGEN CY FOR DEVELOP M E N T A N D COOPERAT ION SDC Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development Cooperation IPGRI is a Future Harvest Centre supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) IPGRI is a Future Harvest Centre supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) On-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Nepal Volume II. Managing diversity and promoting its benefits Proceedings of the Second National Workshop 25–27 August 2004, Nagarkot, Nepal B.R. Sthapit1, M.P. Upadhyay2, P.K. Shrestha3 and D.I. Jarvis4, editors 1 IPGRI Regional Office for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania (IPGRI–APO) 10 Dharmashila Budhha Marg, Nadipur Patan Ward No. 3, Kaski district, Pokhara, Nepal 2 Agriculture Botany Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council PO Box 1135, Kathmandu, Nepal 3 LI-BIRD PO Box 324, Pokhara, Nepal 4 IPGRI Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy ii On-farm Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity in Nepal. Volume II. Managing Diversity and Promoting its Benefits The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 Future Harvest Centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Ssr Markers Based Genetic Diversity in Nepalese Maize Landraces
    SAARC J. Agric., 18(1): 23-37 (2020) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i1.48379 Research Article SSR MARKERS BASED GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NEPALESE MAIZE LANDRACES B.K. Joshi1*, J. Rawat2, B. Adhikari1 and R. Pokhrel1 1National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center, NARC; Khumaltar, Kathmandu, Nepal; 2Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (HICAST), Kalanki Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT Knowledge on genetic diversity is necessary for developing new varieties and managing diversity for future use. Five SSR markers were used to develop the DNA finger prints and to assess the diversity of 23 Nepalese maize landraces. Five locus-based DNA finger prints have distinguished majority of the landraces. The average number of alleles was 2 per locus. Umc1333 marker had shown the highest gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC). At landrace level, the highest gene diversity, heterozygosity and PIC values were found in Seto Local and Seti Makai-3. 23 maize landraces formed four clusters and these clusters were related with seed color. Name of landraces also reflected genetic similarity. Genetically similar landraces can be pooled for conservation and creating dynamic diversity rich population. Distantly related landraces (Bhirkaule, Local Seto Makai, Seto Makai-1, Makai Makai-1761) can be used in breeding program. Detection of low genetic diversity might be due to bottleneck effects during the collection of these landraces from farmers. Therefore, collection strategy needs to be revised for capturing maximum diversity. Keywords: Gel analysis, Gene diversity, Maize landrace, SSR marker, DNA finger print INTRODUCTION Maize is the second most important staple food crop in Nepal and is grown under a wide range of agro-climatic and ecological conditions both in hill and plain areas under rainfed complex farming system.
    [Show full text]