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Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 November 15-18 Chitwan, Nepal “Enhancing Buffalo Production for Food and Economy” Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 November 15-18 Chitwan, Nepal Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries Agriculture and Forestry University Chitwan, Nepal Symposium Advisors: Prof. Ishwari Prasad Dhakal, PhD Vice Chancellor, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal Prof. Manaraj Kolachhapati, PhD Registrar, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal Baidhya Nath Mahato, PhD Executive Director, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Dr. Bimal Kumar Nirmal Director General, Department of Livestock Services, Nepal Prof. Nanda P. Joshi, PhD Michigan State University, USA Director, Directorate of Research & Extension, Agriculture and Forestry Prof. Naba Raj Devkota, PhD University, Chitwan, Nepal Symposium Organizing Committee Logistic Sub-Committee Prof. Sharada Thapaliya, PhD Chair Prof. Ishwar Chandra Prakash Tiwari Coordinator Bhuminand Devkota, PhD Secretary Dr. Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai Member Prof. Ishwar Chandra Prakash Tiwari Member Prof. Mohan Prasad Gupta Member Prof. Mohan Sharma, PhD Member Matrika Jamarkatel Member Prof. Dr. Mohan Prasad Gupta Member Dr. Dipesh Kumar Chetri Member Hom Bahadur Basnet, PhD Member Dr. Anil Kumar Tiwari Member Matrika Jamarkatel Member Ram Krishna Pyakurel Member Dr. Subir Singh Member Communication/Mass Media Committee: Manoj Shah, PhD Member Ishwori Prasad Kadariya, PhD Coordinator Ishwori Prasad Kadariya, PhD Member Matrika Jamarkatel Member Rajendra Bashyal Member Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD Member Dr. Dipesh Kumar Chetri Member Himal Luitel, PhD Member Dr. Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai Member Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD Member Reception Sub-Committee Dr. Anjani Mishra Member Hom Bahadur Basnet, PhD Coordinator Gokarna Gautam, PhD Member Puskar Pal, PhD Member Himal Luitel, PhD Member Dr. Anil Kumar Tiwari Member Shanker Raj Barsila, PhD Member Dr. Jiban Adhikari Member Dr. Ananta Dahal Member Technical Sub-Committee Bhuminand Devkota, PhD Coordinator Post Symposium Tour Sub-Committee Dr. Subir Singh Member Prof. Mohan Sharma, PhD Coordinator Manoj Shah, PhD Member Mr. Ramasis Shah Member Ishwori Prasad Kadariya, PhD Member Mr. Mukesh Singh Member Dr. Rajesh Bhatta Member Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD Member Gokarna Gautam, PhD Member Webpage Management Team Himal Luitel, PhD Member Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD Coordinator Shanker Raj Barsila, PhD Member Gokarna Gautam, PhD Member Himal Luitel, PhD Member Finance Sub-Committee Prof. Sharada Thapaliya, PhD Coordinator Local Transportation Management Team Hom Bahadur Basnet, PhD Member Dawa Tshiring Tamang Coordinator Matrika Jamarkatel Member Santa Bahadur KC Member Dr. Subir Singh Member Umanath Pokhrel Member Symposium Secretariat Assistants: Deepak Lamsal and Shatrughan Shah Citation: The Proceedings of the International Buffalo Symposium (Eds. Devkota, B.; Bhattarai, N.; Gautam, G.; Sah, M.K.; Luitel, H.) Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, November 15-18, 2017. Disclaimers: The opinions expressed or the interpretations of findings in the articles/papers in this publication are those of the author(s). They neither necessarily reflects the views of the organization they belong to, nor the editor(s) and publisher. Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 “Enhancing Buffalo Production for Food and Economy” Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 November 15-18 Chitwan, Nepal Editorial Board Bhuminand Devkota, PhD [email protected] Nirajan Bhattarai, PhD [email protected] Gokarna Gautam, PhD [email protected] Manoj Kumar Shah, PhD [email protected] Himal Luitel, PhD [email protected] Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries Agriculture and Forestry University Chitwan, Nepal November, 2017 iii Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 iv Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 v Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 WELCOME TO IBS2017 Respectable chief guest, special guests, distinguished Nepalese and foreign delegates, participant scientists and media representatives! I am pleased to welcome you all here on behalf of the Organizing Committee of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 (IBS2017). I want to extend my sincere felicitation and wish you for a contributing and most memorable time in the IBS2017, and the beautiful touristic hub of the region, Sauraha! Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) is the first state-owned technical University in Nepal. It was established in 2010 by the Act of Government of Nepal. AFU envisions being a preeminent university for making Nepal into food-secure, economically vibrant, environmentally sustainable and socially equitable nation. We are committed to improving quality of life for the people of Nepal through agriculture including livestock and fisheries, and forestry education, research and extension. AFU, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries in its history of establishment, has been proudly involving as an organizer of this International Symposium whereas the co-organizers are- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Livestock Development; Nepal Agriculture Research Council; and Michigan State University, USA. This symposium is also supported by Feed the Future Innovation Lab (USAID) of University of Florida and other several organizations across the globe. The theme of symposium is "Enhancing Buffalo Production for Food and Economy". It is devoted to five thematic areas such as Policy and Socioeconomic; Genomics and Biotechnology; Nutrition and Production management; Buffalo Reproduction and Breeding, and Buffalo Health management. There are 14 keynote addresses; 34 oral presentation and 35 posters display. It is my immense pleasure to state that about two hundred participants are taking part in the symposium including foreign delegates from 11 countries including USA, India, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Thailand, Philippines, Italy, UK and Canada. I strongly believe that next four days of deliberation, interaction and discussion on the different aspects of buffalo rearing during the Symposium will bring concrete suggestions and recommendation related to policy formulation and broadly cover the pertinent areas for future research on buffalo production and management, breeding, health and other pertinent and allied issues. I hope the symposium will be a valuable and stimulating experience to you all. I also hope that you will get a chance to enjoy the natural beauty and wildlife of Sauraha where the Symposium is being held. I sincerely acknowledge the contribution of the co-organizers and supporters. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank and congratulate the organizing secretary, sub- committee chairs, members, colleagues and faculties who have put in tireless effort into preparation for this symposium, to make it a grand success. This would not have been possible without your hard work. Once again I extend my warm welcome to all of you. Thank You !! Sharada Thapaliya IBS2017 Organizing Chair vi Proceedings of International Buffalo Symposium 2017 EDITORIAL Welcome to Chitwan, and the International Buffalo Symposium 2017 (IBS2017). The IBS2017 has been organized from November 15-18, 2017 by Agriculture and Forestry University, in collaboration with Ministry of Livestock Development, Nepal Agriculture Research Council and Michigan State University, USA. The symposium is the first of its kind organized in Nepal. The Feed the Future Livestock Systems Innovation Lab, University of Florida, USA is supporting the symposium. The theme of the symposium is “Enhancing Buffalo Production for Food and Economy” and the overall objective is sharing and generating knowledge among national and international scientists working on this field. The mission of the symposium is developing AFU as a “Center of Excellence” for multi-dimensional buffalo research activities. We are highly encouraged to see that the symposium has attracted many foreign professional dignitaries, scientists and participants from India, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Thailand, Philippines, Italy, UK, USA and Canada. Similarly, there are many Nepalese scientists and professionals participating in the symposium. We have four days program, first day for registration and inauguration, second and third full days for plenary sessions, and closing and the last day a post-symposium tour. Altogether, we have 5 special papers and 14 keynotes, 34 oral and 35 poster presentations/ papers in six different thematic areas of buffalo health, nutrition and management, reproduction and breeding, genomics and biotechnology, policies and socio-economics, and buffalo as a source of food and nutrition. The papers are all good quality papers selected through a thorough blind review process. The technical committee of the IBS2017 has been solely responsible for the review of the abstracts and full papers contained herein. The editorial team is responsible for editing and formatting of the papers. The Editorial Committee would like to thank the advisors, chair and other members of the Organizing Committee for their valuable contribution. We also thank the authors for their great contribution with papers, the session chairs, the keynote lecturers, oral and poster presenters and the participant scientists/dignitaries of the symposium. We are indebted to the reviewers for valuable evaluation and contribution to enhance the quality of the papers. We offer our special thanks to our co-organizers and supporters. We duly acknowledge
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