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Comentarios De Películas / Film Reviews HAOL, Núm. 8 (Otoño, 2005), 249-252 ISSN 1696-2060 Comentarios de Películas / Film Reviews Rome. Apted, Michael; Farino, Julia; Coulter, his grip on the people of Rome, becoming dictator Allen; Poul, Alan; Van Patten, Tim; Shill, Steve; and maybe even hoping to be king one day. The Podeswa, Jeremy; Taylor, Alan and Salomon, life and deeds of Caesar present a perfect exam- Mikael (DIRS.); HBO/BBC (Prod.); Heller, ple of a recurrent phenomenon in human history: Bruno; Milius, John; Frankel, David; Macdo- the willingness of the masses to be ruled, and the nald, William J.; Cunningham, Alexandra and eventually nearly always unavoidable forced death Hodges, Adrian (SCRIPT). United Kingdom, of the authoritarian ruler, victim to his own mega- 2005: SON., COL. lomania, or, in Latin, superbia. As such, the figure of Caesar can count as the prototype and prefigu- Por Jan Nelis ration of many later political leaders, especially (Universiteit Gent) those who will use the masses as the base for their, in various degrees exclusive, claims to power. To It might seem unusual to review a subject belon- give but one clear example: the dictator of Italian ging to the faraway world of Antiquity in a con- fascism, Benito Mussolini, declared on various ac- temporary history journal, but when one considers counts that the only real example he drew from the that the object of interest is thé historical prototy- past was… Caesar. pe of a dictatorial leader, as well as the fact that it concerns a modern time tv-series destined to be The first episode starts at the Battle of Alesia (52 broadcast around the world, this first impression b.C.), after which Gallic king Vercingetorix was is somewhat altered: by adapting the life of Julius taken prisoner and the whole of Gaul finally broug- Caesar, the makers of ‘Rome’ have, even if maybe ht under Roman control. The fighting and ultima- not willing to do so, appropriated a part of the past te victory of Caesar are less central than the story to the present. ‘Rome’ tells the story of Gaius Ju- of the two soldiers we will encounter in the follo- lius Caesar, from just before his passing the river wing episodes: Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo. It Rubicon until his untimely death in 44 b.C. It is is mainly from the point of view of their story that however not just the story of one man, but that of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey is told, a nation evolving: expanding militarily but at the thus offering the spectator a fine look on daily life in ancient Rome, focusing on the higher as well as same time longing for peace and room to breathe. on the lower classes. We also get a quite accurate In this climate of powerlessness of the old ruling depiction of the politics of the times, which were class (the Senate and those surrounding Pompey) still –for a short while- predominantly the business and the steady, although slow and difficult, rise to of the upper, senatorial, class. In so doing, the first power of the Roman masses (the plebs), old va- episode prefigures the strength and backbone of lues were substituted by new ones, old certainties this whole series: historical both on a high and a disappeared and made way for a new society. This lower, popular level. It is clear from the beginning was a very promising, critical period in the history that the centrepiece will be Caesar, but the prota- of Rome. Leaders were now more than ever sub- gonist is never portayed in a one-sidedly positive ject to popular acclaim, which put the masses at the manner, as the makers of ‘Rome’ highlight the fu- centre of politicians’ concerns, as obtaining the fa- ture dictator’s generousness as well as for example vour of the masses was often decisive. Julius Cae- his excessive pride and the selfishness inherent to sar was the quintessential populist leader, swaying a leader who seeks to rule large parts of the known the masses into being ruled. Steadily, he enforced world. © 2005 Historia Actual On Line 249 Comentarios de Películas / Review of Films The second episode then prepares the great conflict sarian) politics and the life of the popular classes. between Caesar, the new man, and Pompey, a relic The viewer gets a good insight of the way in which and representative of the old ruling class, even if Caesar, who presented himself as the only repre- he himself also has popular origins and was a ‘new sentative of the people, from the very beginning man’ one day. The scene shifts to Rome and illus- had to deal with the classical problems of politics, trates the homecoming, after nearly eight years, of namely bribes and ‘networking’. In a parallel way, the two legionnaires. The viewer is not only con- the scenes from the lives of the lower classes, more fronted with the problems involving a marriage specifically those involving legionnaires Vorenus that was put on hold for eight years, but also gets and Pullo, show how the political change may have a good idea of dayly (and night-) life in ancient seemed ‘revolutionary’, but had little or no directly Rome. The parallel storyline is the attempt by the positive effect –except for fear and uncertainty- on rather vulgar but loyal Marc Anthony to negotiate the lower social classes. Caesar’s immunity, which in the end fails. This re- sults in the final scene, the crossing of the Rubicon, The fifth chapter then prepares the beginning of the the official start of Caesar’s March on Rome and of hostilities which will lead to the end of Pompey’s the civil war. life, as it starts and ends with a focus on the latter’s more and more precarious situation. The episode it- The third chapter begins and ends with Caesar’s self presents many themes, as the storyline is quite scouts rapidly approaching the capital, in the end multidirectional. One aspect is the recurrent theme retrieving the gold Pompey had taken from the of the preparation of Octavian, Caesar’s heir and treasury. In an incisive fashion, the viewer gets a eventual successor, by his mother Atia. The love good idea of one of the main conflicts causing the theme is introduced by the episode of legionnaire civil war: the contrast between the old political Pullo falling in love with a slave woman and by ruling class, desperately holding on to power and Caesar’s passion for noblewoman Servilia, whom common law, and emerging, ‘charismatic’ political he will eventually repudiate for political reasons. forces, which were ‘revolutionary’ in the sense that The fate of Servilia illustrates the pettiness of Ro- they didn’t play the game according to the rules, to man high society as well as, in general, the tragedy legal procedures. Herein lies the great power and of (aristocratic) women in ancient Rome: even if attraction of Caesar: he represents hope and action there is reason to believe they sometimes had con- and, paradoxically not at all in a legal way, the pro- siderable influence on their husbands and lovers, mise of change and basic justice. An unexpected such cases were rare, as women’s fate was never changing of the guards is at hand, and the senato- certain, and their legal position weak. This counted rial oligarchy is taken aback by its swiftness. Even even more so for slaves, male as well as female, as if he is at the centre of attention, Caesar is not an can be seen in the episode where legionnaire Vo- unquestionable, ‘clean’ hero: in private he appears renus, who has put his hopes in slave trade, loses calculated, proud and egocentric, especially when nearly all of his slaves to a mortal disease. The loss put next to his at the same time friend and nemesis, is not seen as human loss, but as the loss of a lucra- the conscientious Brutus. Thus, from the very be- tive investment, causing the struggling centurion to ginning the possibility of Caesar’s eventual down- re-inlist in the army… fall is evoked. On a higher level, a more universal message is conveyed, as the example of Caesar’s The sixth episode is in many ways one of the less rise and fall will inevitably lead to the somewhat interesting ones. First of all, the storyline is qui- ‘positivist’ conclusion that the attribution of poli- te weak, as the whole chapter focuses on Marc tical power should be the result of honest, to a cer- Anthony in Rome, awaiting Caesar’s call to arms tain extent ‘democratic’ elections, an idea of course in order to fight Pompey’s armies in Greece. The more linked to present-day political theories than it whole fifty minutes are filled with the stories of was a political reality in Antiquity. Marc Anthony, who will try to succeed Caesar af- ter his death, and those of young Octavian, future While the former episode focused on the contrast opponent of Marc Anthony, and his mother Atia. between the two political factions, the next one The latter’s importance seems exaggerated throug- moves to another level and shifts between (cae- hout the whole series, on the one hand for narrative HAOL, Núm. 8 (Otoño, 2005) 250 Comentarios de Películas / Review of Films reasons, that is so as to act as a counterweight to has often led to interpretations of her role as being other noble female protagonists such as Servilia totally subordinate to Caesar, her character being and plebeian women such as Vorenus’s wife Nio- that of the luxurious, oriental style queen.
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