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Balochistan Review—ISSN: 1810-2174 Balochistan Study Centre, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Pakistan - 1 - ISSN: 1810—2174 Balochistan Review Volume XXIV No. 1, 2011 (HEC RECOGNIZED) Editor Naseeb Ullah BALOCHISTAN STUDY CENTRE UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN, QUETTA-PAKISTAN - 2 - Published bi-annually by the Balochistan Study Centre, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Pakistan. @ Balochistan Study Centre 2011-1 Subscription rate (per annum) in Pakistan: Institutions: Rs. 300/- Individuals: Rs. 200/- For the other countries: Institutions: US$ 50 Individuals: US$ 30 Contact: Balochistan Review—ISSN: 1810-2174 Balochistan Study Centre, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Pakistan. Tel: (92) (081) 9211255 Facsimile: (92) (081) 9211255 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Website: uob.edu.pk - 3 - - 4 - Editorial Board Patron in Chief: Prof. Dr. Abdul Nabi Vice Chancellor, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Pakistan. Patron Prof. Dr. Abdul Razzaq Sabir Director, Balochistan Study Centre, UoB, Quetta-Pakistan. Editor Naseeb Ullah Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mass Communication, UoB, Quetta-Pakistan. Members: Prof. Dr. Andriano V. Rossi Vice Chancellor & Head Dept. of Asian Studies, Institute of Oriental Studies, Naples, Italy. Prof. Dr. Saad Abudeyha Chairman, Dept. of Political Science, University of Jordon, Amman, Jordon. Prof. Dr. Bertrand Bellon Professor of Int’l, Industrial Organization & Technology Policy, University de Paris Sud. Dr. Carina Jahani Inst. of Iranian & African Studies, Uppsala University, Sweden. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Khan Director, Taxila Institute of Civilization, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Prof. Dr. Rajwali Shah Khattak Professor, Pashto Academy, Peshawar University Pesh-Pakistan. Mr. Ayub Baloch Member, Balochistan Public Service Commission, Quetta. Prof. Dr. Mehmood Ali Shah, Professor Emeritus, University of Balochistan, Quetta. - 5 - Guidelines/Parameters for the Contributors: Following are the Guidelines/Parameters for the scholars/researchers contributing articles to the bi-annual research journal of BSC “BALOCHISTAN REVIEW ISSN: 1810-2174”. The article should be in a ready to print form Authors are entitled to five free off-prints and a copy of the issue in which their article is published. The articles should accompany a soft copy as well; to be sent through email preferably in PDF file format. Articles must focus on latest researches made in different fields/areas i.e. arts and crafts, architecture, archaeology, literature, language, economy, management, heritage and culture, politics, media, history etc. relevant to Balochistan. Any queries regarding the publication or acceptance of the article can be sought at the given address: Editor “Balochistan Review”, Balochistan Study Center, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Pakistan. [email protected] Style The title should appear at the middle position of the first page The brief title (5 to 7 words) with author’s name also appearing in the top-left header position in the rest of the pages (running head). All authors’ full name and affiliations should also be explicit on the first page with the corresponding author’s postal and email addresses. The article should comprise an abstract, introduction (including review literature and rationale), results, discussion (including limitations and suggestions), and the references. The abstract should be of about 150-170 words. The article should be of maximum 4000 words in New Times Roman, font 12 with 1.5 line Spacing. Main heading should be bold with italic subheadings. Tables and figures should be in a separate file, in a ready to print form with sources given below the tables. All statistical symbols present in the article should be italic. References should be in author/date style throughout the text in the APA format - 6 - - 7 - BI-ANNUAL RESEARCH JOURNAL “BALOCHISTAN REVIEW” ISSN 1810-2174”, BALOCHISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UOB, QUETTA (PAK) Vol. XXIV No.1, 2011 Comtents Page No(s) Economics “MICRO– CREDIT” A STRATEGY FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION 9 AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN BALOCHISTAN Shakira Bukhari & Jahangir Achakzai Education TEACHING OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AS A SUBJECT IN 19 THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND MADARIS IN PAKISTAN Dr.Abdul Razzaq Sabir Abdul Nasir Geography THE QUETTA CITY SPATIAL BUSINESS INTENSITY PATTERN 31 Muhammad Nawaz History AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT THEORIES 45 ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE PASHTOONS Dr. Hanif Khalil Javed Iqbal TREATY OF KALAT 1758 BETWEEN QANDHAR 55 AND KALAT AND ITS IMPACTS Ghulam Farooq Baloch Language & Literature SOME COMMENTS ON INVALID HYPOTHESIS ABOUT BRAHUI LANGUAGE 71 Liaqat Ali Sunny Shabir Ahmed Shahwani Manzoor Ahmed Baloch AN OLD PHONOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEW PERSIAN AND 79 BALOCHI Hamid Ali Baloch Dr. Abdul Saboor Dr.Bilal Ahmed Media FM RADIO AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN QUETTA CITY 89 Sadaf Naqvi, Mohammad Fahim Baloch Babrak Niaz Mirwais Kasi - 8 - Philosophy THE RISE AND IMPACT OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM 101 IN PAKISTAN AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION IN AFGHANISTAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KHYBER PUKHTOONKHWA AND BALOCHISTAN Malik Mohammad Tariq Psychology BULLYING AMONG PRISON INMATES IN PAKISTAN 119 AN EXPLORATION OF THE PROBLEM Dr. Muhammad Azam Tahir & Bairakataris Konstantinos - 9 - BI-ANNUAL RESEARCH JOURNAL “BALOCHISTAN REVIEW” ISSN 1810-2174”, BALOCHISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UOB, QUETTA (PAK) Vol. XXIV No.1, 2011 “MICRO– CREDIT” A STRATEGY FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN BALOCHISTAN Economy Shakira Bukhari & Jahangir Achakzai* ABSTRACT: Pakistan being an under developed country is faced with many socio-economic challenges. Among them the issue of poverty ranks at the top. The available statistics confirm an increase in the incidence of poverty in the country in recent years. Furthermore, rural women are the most vulnerable groups to the poverty incidence. They are denied access to productive resources most especially credit. Micro credit is now a proven strategy for the poverty alleviation among poor rural women. In other words, the micro- credit enables the beneficiaries get out of the vicious circle of poverty. The conventional credit programs only provide a limited amount of credit to rural women. The establishment of special credit programs targeting poor rural women is the need of the hour. Both Government and Non Government Organization need to handle this problem. Women Development: Pakistan is confronted with many social as well as economic problems. The root cause of almost all these issues is the rapidly growing poverty in the country which has now arrived at an alarming situation. To combat this menace the country requires exploitation of all its resources in order to attain the desirable level of socio-economic development. In a situation where capital resources are very scarce, human resources can go a long way in * The authors are lecturer Commerce Department and Assistant Professor Economics Department University of Balochistan , Quetta respectively. - 10 - attaining such objectives. In Pakistan, human resources are in abundance and extensive efforts are required for the development and utilization of such useful asset. The women folk form about 50% of the total population of the country, whereas their participation in economic activities is minimal. If seen in historical perspective, it becomes clear that the situation with regard to female labour force participation has not improved much. Keeping in view the above historical fact, there is now a growing realization in the country that the dream of sustainable development cannot materialize until and unless women are made to play an active role in the economy. Situation Analysis in Balochistan: It is a common concept in Balochistan that women are “just housewives and are not playing any significant role at the economic front. But various studies show that women play a crucial role in the rural economy, including agriculture, livestock, and cottage industries. They play far more active role in the rural economy than is generally believed. Women undertake a wide range of activities both in the field and at home. Although their involvement in farm work is lowest in the earlier stages of crop production when field preparation is largely undertaken by men but in the later stages of the production cycle in the harvesting and post harvesting phase their participation is very high. Home based post harvest operations such as drying, cleaning, and storage of grains are almost exclusively carried out by women. Their contribution is also significant in seed preparation, collecting farm yard manure, weeding, harvesting, and various other farm operations. Their involvement towards looking after the livestock and poultry is remarkable. Women take primary responsibility for cutting fodder, cleaning sheds, processing of animal products and care of sick animals. They look after the herds, do the milking, collect wool, spin it and make bi- products, and are also involved in weaving and so on. Besides the above mentioned economic activities, on direct income generating side many women are engaged in rural non-farm economic activities like handicrafts, embroidery, quilt making, wool spinning, and tailoring, etc. The irony is that, most of the official data on women’s work in the rural economy do not present the real picture of women participation in economic activities and show unbelievably low female labor force participation rates. Even the Annual Labour Force Surveys gives a low rural female labour force participation rate. More or less the same is the case of population census which shows a massive underestimation regarding the rural female labour force participation rate. - 11 - In spite
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