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Reliability Evaluation for Different Power Plant Busbar Layouts by Using Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation ⇑ M Electrical Power and Energy Systems 53 (2013) 987–993 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Electrical Power and Energy Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijepes Reliability evaluation for different power plant busbar layouts by using sequential Monte Carlo simulation ⇑ M. Moazzami a, , R. Hemmati a, F. Haghighatdar Fesharaki a, S. Rafiee Rad b a Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran b Power Electricity Distribution Company of Isfahan Province, Isfahan, Iran article info abstract Article history: In deregulated electricity market environment, the power system works with lower stability margin due Received 13 March 2012 to demand fluctuations. Therefore, in restructured power systems all generation companies attempt to Received in revised form 14 June 2013 increase reliability of their own power plants. The arrangement of the busbar layouts in power stations Accepted 24 June 2013 has a great effect on the power system reliability. This paper develops a sequential Monte Carlo simula- tion (SMCS) to evaluate the effect of generator breaker and bus-section on the reliability indices of one and half and two-breaker busbar layouts. Karun III power station layout in Iran national grid (ING) is con- Keywords: sidered as a real world system case study. The most commonly used reliability indices such as loss of load Reliability expectation (LOLE), expected energy not supplied (EENS) and expected load curtailment (ELC) are used to Generator breaker Bus-section evaluate the reliability in this paper. Economic and technical evaluations of reliability indices variation in Sequential Monte Carlo simulation presence of generator breaker and bus-section are presented. Simulation results show that how variation of forced outage rate (FOR) of generator and generator breaker affect on the reliability indices. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction compared. Also reliability of eight basic industrial substation configurations is analyzed in [6]. The effect of generator breaker, In modern electric power systems, the peak load value is power plant transformers including main transformer (MT), unit usually increased and stressed conditions are occurred more than transformer (UT), station transformer (ST) and their numbers on past [1–3]. In this condition, the occurrence of any contingency the reliability of different types of busbar layouts is evaluated in may lead to instability. Power plants are the most strategic points [4].In[7], an approach to incorporate switching actions with dis- in power systems and their reliability has a great effect on the connects switches and circuit breakers in the reliability evaluation power system performance. Therefore, in recent years, studying of substation topologies are presented. In [8] the impacts of ele- the performance of power plants with the highest possible avail- ments active and passive failures on the performance of power ability has become one of the interesting subjects for researchers plant layout are examined. A tie-set based comprehensive method- [1]. Various factors affect on the reliability of an electrical substa- ology for quantitative reliability assessment of substation automa- tion or switchyard facility, one of them is the arrangement of tion systems is presented in [9]. The influence of HV breakers switching devices and buses. For the sake of busbar layouts effects advanced auto-diagnostic systems for improving the reliability of on the reliability, some modifications for busbar schemes have power-plant layout is discussed in [10]. As shown in [11], the gen- been suggested [1]. Also, additional parameters such as mainte- erator breaker has a great effect on the fault occurrence in power nance, operational flexibility, relay protection, cost and line con- transformer. It should be noted that, using the generator breaker nections should be considered in reliability assessment of improves the power plant availability and provides the possibility different substation configurations. The effect of substation type, of direct plant auxiliaries to-be-fed from the main net (EHV, trans- from view of insulation, for air insulation substation (AIS) and mission system) which is more reliable than the reserve net (local gas insulation substation (GIS) has been investigated in [4].In[5] sub-transmission system). Moreover, interruption due to short cir- the availability of various power substation architectures has been cuit currents in generator-fed is reduced. Also, the damages due to faults in being out of service duration are reduced, that increases the availability of the power-plant [1].In[1,12], the authors pres- ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: Daneshgah Boulevard, Islamic Azad University, ent a method based on the cut and path set theory to evaluate the Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran. Tel.: +98 331 2291111-2522; fax: +98 influence of the generator breaker on the reliability of power plant 331 2291016. layouts. Although the cut–set theory is a basic method for reliabil- E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (M. Moazzami), [email protected] (R. Hemmati), [email protected] ity evaluation, but this method is restricted especially when the (F. Haghighatdar Fesharaki), rafi[email protected] (S. Rafiee Rad). number of elements is increased in under study test system. For 0142-0615/$ - see front matter Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.06.019 988 M. Moazzami et al. / Electrical Power and Energy Systems 53 (2013) 987–993 Nomenclature AC-OPF alternative current optimal power flow LOLE loss of load expectation AIS air insulation substation MT main transformer EENS expected energy not served MTTR minimum time to repair EHV extra high voltage OPF optimal power flow ELC expected load curtailment SMCS sequential Monte Carlo simulation FOR forced outage rate ST station transformer GIS gas insulation substation UT unit transformer ING Iran national grid solving this problem, in this paper SMCS is used to reliability tion layouts such as two-breaker layout topology that simulta- assessment. SMCS is a suitable tool to deal with large scale system neously are equipped with generator breaker and bus-section. [13]. Although the simulation time in SMCS is more than the ana- Different cases with and without presence of bus-section and gen- lytically methods; but the reliability assessment is an off-line pro- erator breaker are investigated. The most commonly used reliabil- cedure and time is not an important factor [13–19]. ity indices such as EENS, LOLE and ELC are used to evaluate the This paper deals with reliability assessment in different types of reliability. Economical evaluation of the different layouts is power plant substation configurations. Karun III as one of the most studied. important hydro power plants in ING is considered as case study. Apart from above introductory, this paper is arranged in follow- Regarding the importance of the reliability, one and half circuit ing sections: In Section 2, different layout models are briefly breaker topology has been used in this substation. The main introduced. Reliability evaluation with SMCS is presented in purposes of this study are to evaluate the effect of the other substa- Section 3. Section 4 is devoted to the proposed method and system (A) (B) Fig. 1. (A) One and half-breaker system with bus-section set and generator breaker. (B) The general schematic of busbar layout in two-breaker system. D: disconnector; B: breaker; G: generator; L: line; T: transformer. M. Moazzami et al. / Electrical Power and Energy Systems 53 (2013) 987–993 989 data are given in Section 5. Eventually the simulation results are Step 4: Remedial actions are performed. This is often an OPF provided in Section 6. model. The purpose of the model is to reschedule genera- tions, alleviate line overloading or voltage limit violations, 2. Different busbar layouts in substation and avoid load curtailments if possible, or minimize the total load curtailments if unavoidable. The basic structure of the busbar layouts in one and half and Step 5: Reliability indices based on results in Step 4 is updated. two-breaker power plants are depicted in Fig. 1. The Generator Step 6: Steps 1–5 are repeated until a stopping criterion is met. and transformer set are connected to the busbar layout through lines L11 and L12. The lines L21 and L22 are also external lines 3.1. Calculation of the reliability indices from busbar, which connect the power-plant to the main network. It should be noted that in ordinary condition, generator breakers In this paper the reliability of system is evaluated by EENS, and bus-sections are not available in all under study topologies. LOLE and ELC indices. EENS index is the expected amount of power The breaker-and-a-half scheme is configured with a circuit be- that is not supplied and LOLE is loss of load expectation and ELC tween two-breakers in a three-breaker line-up with two buses. In is expected load curtailment. These indices are calculated as many cases, this is the next development stage of a ring bus follows: arrangement. The configuration of one and half-breaker busbar P N Total amount of loss of load which is usually used in power-plant substations has high reliabil- EENS ¼ j¼1 ðMW h=yearÞð1Þ ity and flexibility. In this layout, three breakers are used for two Ns feeders that all breakers are normally closed. In this topology, even P if one of the buses be failed, the transmission power will be N Total hours of loss of load LOLE ¼ j¼1 ðhours=yearÞð2Þ provided without any interruption. This configuration provides NS suitable reliability; with proper operating relay protection and a P single circuit failure will not interrupt any other circuits. Further- N j¼1Total loss of MW more, a bus-section fault, unlike the ring bus layout, will not inter- ELC ¼ ðMW=yearÞð3Þ NS rupt any circuit loads. The structure of two-breaker busbar layout, which is common in extra high voltage power-plant substations, In all equation NS is the under study time period that is a year has very high reliability and flexibility.
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