DECEMBER 2016

NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF THE Company of master mariners OF Australia

www.mastermariners.org.au

n Putting you to sleep n Navigation teamwork n Australia’s own Cutty Sark n A branch is lost

Fremantle Ports supports the Company of Master Mariners of Australia EDITORIAL From the Federal Master

The convention effectively applies to all We have learned much from the Civil seagoing ships including some commercial Aviation Industry, perhaps this is another fishing vessels. The limits are prescribed area where the maritime regulator could be for maximum hours of work and minimum proactive and devise programs that regu- hours of rest. late the work during the critical circadian Research programs focussing on ‘critical rhythm periods of 2300 through to 0600. vessel accidents’ concluded that 16 percent Unfortunately for us seafarers, maritime were fatigue related and more worrying regulators have taken a reactive approach some 33 percent of personal injuries con- to those subjects, while on the airline indus- tributed through fatigue. try, these issues are apparently taken much Perhaps we can persuade the regulator to more seriously (I wonder if it’s because review its practices and policies with regard regulators are travelling by plane…) I wish to seafarer fatigue. I would like to see an AMSA well in their efforts to make prog- introduction of a maritime-related comput- ress in this area. er-based fatigue modelling program. This Once again, I would like to wish all our would be used to develop work schedules readers a safe and happy Christmas and atigue and fatigue management has and be integrated with other risk manage- a healthy, prosperous and happy New been an important issue in the past ment strategies addressing fatigue. Year. n F few years. Many accident/incident investigations in the maritime industry link this problem to the ever-present human error cause. Unfortunately, there are many reports of collisions and groundings because the offi- cer of-the-watch was sleeping or distracted by other non-navigational duties. Fatigue at sea can be caused by poor sleep quality and other environmental fac- tors such as high stress and excessive work load, often due to inadequate manning levels on some ships. IMO (International Maritime Organisation) has been aware of this prob- lem and tried to address this with the introduction of ILO (International Labour Organisation) Convention -Seafarer’s Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships Convention 1996 (No 180) that took effect from August 2002 after 15 countries ratified the convention. Interestingly, none were in the Asia Pacific Region.

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Readers will notice that The Master Mariner has Advertising revenue will be used to increase the grown by four pages. The aim is for this to be a number of magazines printed and circulated within permanent change, and is made possible thanks to the industry. the support of our new advertisers. There is still a limited number of advertising spaces If you are interested in advertising, please contact available at extremely affordable rates. Significant the editor on [email protected] to discounts are available for CMMA members. request a rate card.

Cover Photo: Editor: Joanna Carson publication are not necessarily the Things are looking up. E [email protected] opinions of the Company of Master Three of City of Adelaide’s P 0468 388866 Mariners of Australia. Please direct staunch supporters, (from left) any correspondence regarding Robert Davis, Russell Penney and This publication relies on content to the editor. Lionel Elmore, discuss how they contributions and all efforts are intend to improve her lot. made to ensure fairness and Contact: Hon Federal Secretary: See story on page 10. accuracy. However CMMA cannot Capt Frank Kaleveld. guarantee articles do not contain E [email protected] Photo Joanna Carson errors, mis-statements or omissions. PO Box 474 Opinions expressed in this Fremantle WA 6959

PAGE 2 FEDERAL NEWS Congress Delayed a Year

World-class marine & navigation expertise.

Worldwide, when you need it.

Navigation safety

Port design & development

Expert witness/peer review Accident investigation

Regulatory & compliance Risk assessment/reduction

Shiphandling/simulations Attendees at the last CMMA congress in 2015. A decision has been made to defer the next congress for a year to allow for the industry’s economic state to improve. Training & team building

he state of the industry has resulted held at the Australian Maritime College in For sound and tested advice from in the biennial CMMA Congress Tasmania last year. a highly experienced team plus Tbeing delayed until 2018. While the industry was facing many word-perfect reports, visit Federal secretary Capt Frank Kaleveld challenges, this would ensure there was no said the decision was made in order to shortage of conference themes to choose www.northandtrew.com ensure the third congress was as successful from in due course. An announcement on Captain David Shennan, Principal as the first two. Had it been held on the main theme would be made later next schedule in early 2017, this would not year, he said. have been guaranteed, due to the uncertain state of the industry at the moment. AGM on track It was important for the congress to Meanwhile plans for the next AGM are attract good numbers and if this could on track, with the event to be hosted not be assured, there was a risk of it not by the Sydney Branch on April 8th next covering its costs, which would prove year. The AGM is attended by Federal detrimental to the Company’s coffers. office holders and Branch Masters, and Capt Kaleveld said the WA branch any member of the Company can, and had bid to hold the congress in April is encouraged to, attend as an observer. 2018. The branch held the successful first More details will be posted on the website Practical and cost-effective congress in 2013, with the last one being closer to the date. n maritime law, engineering and consulting services

Our firm is owned and operated by Seasonal Greetings specialist Maritime Lawyers, Master Mariners and Marine Engineers.

Experienced advice across the The Federal Court wishes all branches and all members are very marine, government, energy and legal environments including: safe and happy Christmas and a successful 2017. To all branch office holders and contributors to our Facebook page, website • Ports & terminals and magazine, you are most appreciated – thank you all. • Offshore oil & gas • Wharf & Terminal • Marine Insurance • Salvage & incidents

Contact: 04 81170373 [email protected] www.mer-solutions.com

PAGE 3 FEDERAL NEWS

Due to its immediacy, the Facebook page Mobile Friendly Website Gives is the best place to give your feedback on what you read in the magazine or on the website, and what you think about what Company a Fresher Look is happening in the industry. Otherwise, as in the case of magazine letters, those embers logging on to the CMMA newsletter, which has now developed into responses could be three months out of website in recent weeks will have a glossy colour magazine that is circulated date before they can be expressed – a long M noticed a smart new look. widely in the industry. A thousand copies time in today’s world! A project to update the website, in order of The Master Mariner are now published Facebook allows members, as well as to make it mobile friendly and refresh the and distributed to members and indus- Company office holders, to respond to post- design, has recently been completed by try bodies free of charge, with the cost ed comments, which will hopefully result in webmaster Capt Michael Tyler and Jeremy being subsidised by advertising and Federal constructive and useful discussions. Price of Kitestring Creative. funds. As well as enabling the size and The goal is for Facebook to also become The new look is aimed at making it number of magazines to increase, advertis- the Company’s ‘water cooler’, and used as easier for members to find the informa- ing has allowed the magazine to be posted a noticeboard by branches - for example tion they want, and non-members to learn centrally, and provided a saving in postage by branch secretaries giving reminders something about the Company. to all branches. of meetings and events, and by members The Federal Court’s goal is for mem- The magazine is an excellent way to wishing to, for example, seek transport bers to find the website a useful source of increase awareness of the Company, and to events, advise fellow members of non- information, and to use it more for enter- when prospective members search for us CMMA events of interest or seek other tainment as well. Capt Tyler is tasked with online their impression will continue to be assistance. keeping an ongoing stream of interesting a positive one, thanks to the new website. The page will still share some of the industry news available for reading. He However while promotion is important, news feeds you are used to seeing, if they would like to receive interesting histories some things are best kept in-house, for are of particular relevance to members, but and maritime stories that members pro- privacy reasons and to allow free-and-frank for general updates on what is happening vide, and will also upload material that discussion. Branch newsletters are still only in the industry, members are encouraged doesn’t make it into the magazine but is sent to members and the public/private to make regular visits to the website. still of interest to members. aspects of the website are sensitively man- For those members who have a com- Capt Tyler spends many hours managing aged by Capt Tyler with guidance from the puter but have never ventured into the the website and uploading the material, Federal Court. world of Facebook, we recommend having which includes copies of branch newslet- With the introduction of social media somebody set you up and point you to the ters and electronic copies of The Master came the Facebook phenomenon, which CMMA page. It is easy to use once you Mariner (which are uploaded after hard the Company has recognised as providing know how, and can help you feel more copies are delivered). In the past some a valuable fourth tool in our efforts to com- connected to your peers. Otherwise we branches have become a little forgetful municate with members, and allow you to hope you get more value out of our new about forwarding their newsletters for communicate with each other. website, and continue enjoying the more uploading, and if this does not occur, the in-depth articles in the magazine. n website is more likely to be viewed as incomplete and therefore visited less often. Instant connection The refreshment project is a new start What: Facebook. in this regard, and efforts will be made How: Enter your Facebook page and search for ‘Company Ongoing connection to ensure it is kept up-to-date at all times. of Master Mariners of Australia’. Administrator will accept. What: Website. www.mastermariners.org.au Branch editors can help in this by adding Information such as meeting reminders can be posted How: General information is public. Branch newsletters, directly by members. All members of group can comment Capt Tyler to their electronic circulation Company communiques and archived material can be on posted items. accessed by members – password required. Contact the list, thus saving him much time in follow- Who: Administered by Capt Stuart Davey website administrator for access. ing up. [email protected] Who: Administered by webmaster Capt Michael Tyler When first launched, the [email protected]

AUGUST 2014 website became the third AUGUST 2014 AUGUST 2014 tool in the Company’s AUGUST 2014 NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF THE COMPANY OF MASTER MARINERS OF AUSTRALIA communications kit bag, NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF THE COMPANY OF MASTER MARINERS OF AUSTRALIA NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF THE COMPANY OF MASTER MARINERS OF AUSTRALIA www.mastermariners.org.auwww.mastermariners.org.auwww.mastermariners.org.au after the branch news- www.mastermariners.org.au NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF THE COMPANY OF MASTER MARINERS OF AUSTRALIA letters and the national IN THIS ISSUEIN THIS: ISSUEIN THIS: ISSUE: IN THIS ISSUE: n Groundbreakingn Groundbreaking Initiativesn Groundbreaking Initiatives Initiatives n Groundbreaking Initiatives in our Portsin our Portsin our Portsin our Ports n Trinity nHouse Turnsn 500 n Trinity House TurnsTrinity 500 HouseTrinity Turns House 500 Turns 500 n n n n DefendingDefending a MerchantDefending a Merchant MarinerDefending a Merchant Mariner a Merchant Mariner Mariner n n n The nMerchant The Merchant NavyThe TurnsMerchant NavyThe Turns Merchant Navy Turns Navy Turns the Tidethe of Tide War theof WarTidethe of TideWar of War

Four monthly connection

Fremantle Ports supports the Company of Master Mariners of Australia

Fremantle Ports supports the Company of Master MarinersFremantle of Australia Ports supports What: National Magazine The Master the CompanyFremantle ofPorts Master supports Marinersthe Company of Australia of Master Mariner. Mariners of Australia How: Public magazine with in-depth articles on maritime issues plus coverage of federal and branch events. Sent free to all members and circulated to policy makers, companies in the industry and maritime colleges. Who: Edited by Joanna Carson [email protected]

PAGE 4 FEDERAL NEWS Editor, Prime Warden and Branch Master becomes Life Member

publication of the company’s history of the same name. His writing and editing skills have benefited CMMA through his editor- ship of the Newcastle newsletter 1983- 88 and national magazine 1988-91, and as editor for the Nautical Association of Australia (The Log, 1998). He still regularly contributes to that publication, as he does The Master Mariner, and is currently co-authoring the ANL history. Capt Steverson has belonged to a wide range of nautical organisations, and been an office holder or panel member in many of them, culminating in, on two occa- (Right) CMMA’s latest life member, Newcastle’s Capt Iain Steverson FNI on receipt of his first cadet’s uniform, and (above) in more recent times. sions, membership of the Australian del- egation to the United Nations International s the Newcastle Branch dissolves followed the next day by a few corrections Maritime Organisation (IMO) London, as and becomes part of Sydney, the – just enough of them to confirm that for Technical Adviser, Maritime Environmental Aefforts of the man at the helm have Iain the storytelling was the important bit, Protection Committee (MEPC), on matters been recognised with a life membership of and the facts will be checked afterwards. pertaining to problems associated with the Company. However checked they always are, and shipboard carriage of ballast water. Capt Iain Steverson has fought hard to along with his extensive collection of histor- Somehow Capt Steverson has found keep the branch viable in recent years ic shipping photos he has saved the day for the time to throw his passion and energy and has always had an opinion to offer on the magazine team on many an occasion. behind other pursuits outside of ship- affairs of the Company and the direction of Capt Steverson wrote of his early days at ping, including the scouting movement, in the industry, both of which he is passionate sea in the December 2015 edition of The which his children followed his footsteps, about. Master Mariner. From Palmerston North Rotary and Probus, from which he has also His main interest is in preserving and in NZ, he started out with The Union received official recognition. promoting the cause and achievements of Company in 1955 on the Koromiko - green His interest and involvement in maritime the merchant mariner, and he has regu- around the gills from inexperience and history and museums also extends to the larly expressed disillusionment over the seasickness - but he survived both to end aviation, rail and military arenas. dwindling recognition the Merchant Navy up in Newcastle as Marine Superintendent Capt Steverson, who has in the past receives on commemorative occasions. of BHP’s Australian fleet from 1973-1988. lobbied for other members to receive life The larger-than-life former Kiwi has a In getting there, Capt Steverson put in memberships, said he was genuinely sur- long history of serving the Company, both stints with Australian National Line, Pacific prised to be offered one himself, although locally and at a Federal level, with stints Steam Navigation Co, General Steam he felt it was his wife Auriel who most as Federal Prime Warden (Vice President) Navigation Co, Port Warratah Stevedoring deserved it. 1993-95 and The Master Mariner editor and then Port Jackson Stevedoring. “The long hours I’ve spent away from the 1988-91. Prior to his retirement in 2002, Capt family during my career has in many ways His galloping writing style brings to life Steverson was variously Deputy Secretary inhibited her,” he said. the forgotten deeds of mariners and their and Operations Manager for the Queensland “I’ve been going through old Master vessels, and these stories can still be found Coast & Torres Strait Pilot Service, which Mariners and the life members include in most issues of the magazine today. was later renamed Queensland Coastal such important individuals as Capt Boulton Capt Steverson’s articles are often Pilots and then Torres Pilots. and other luminaries. It’s very nice to be received a just day or two after the topic Capt Steverson’s storytelling ability has put in a group of people of that calibre and has been agreed upon, and give the sense been put to further good use as editor of considered a peer.” n they were dashed off at speaking speed BHP’s fleet house magazine Iron Ships, from razor-sharp recall. They are often and he was instrumental in the eventual By Joanna Carson

PAGE 5 FEATURES

to get about eight hours sleep per day, Becoming Alert to Fatigue and anywhere between seven and nine hours is considered normal. Whilst some people say that they don’t need seven or eight hours, their performance is still likely to be degraded. They may have learnt to adjust their behaviours to deal with the effects of constant low-grade fatigue. Our studies consistently demonstrate impaired performance in real-world work environ- ments. For example, on the flight-deck of a commercial airliner, if a crew member has had less then five hours sleep, they will make twice as many errors as someone with more than five hours sleep. The next cause of fatigue is any disrup- tion to our circadian rhythm. As a species we have evolved over millions of years as diurnal (daytime) hunter-gatherers. We aren’t designed to be awake at night, just look at how our eyes are only really effec- tive in the daytime. We slept safely in caves during the night, and also took an No matter how ‘easy’ afternoon nap to rest in the heat of the day. When modern 24/7 society screws with the hours may look, a this innate design, we are forced to operate roster is never enough under the specter of fatigue. to effectively manage The final cause of fatigue is time on task. Our mental or physical performance fatigue on its own. cannot be maintained at optimal levels for extended periods of time. Just like digging in the garden leads to physical fatigue, so t was 0300 on a warm December morn- were propelled forward against the bridge do extended periods of mental work. ing, and everything seemed a little too windows or whatever caught them in between. It is often quoted, usually by someone in I easy as the pilot boat rocketed out to the The ship had caught the starboard edge of the a management role, that it’s not an issue boarding ground. Hardly a whisper of wind, channel… All hell broke loose, and it wasn’t of fatigue, it’s just that people are tired. little swell, and favorable tides had all come until some days later that it became apparent However, it is never that simple. Feeling together. John was celebrating his 10th year rudder failure was the cause. tired is one of the most obvious symptoms as a pilot in what was an increasingly busy Or was actually the real case that no one on of fatigue. Similarly, when we measure port, and as he prepared to board yet another the bridge had noticed? fatigue, if someone scores themselves as Capesize ship his mind drifted to the fact he high on a subjective fatigue scale (feeling needed to make some plans for taking some In so many industries, we look to the tired or sleepy) more often than not their long service leave. roster to determine if fatigue is a problem. performance will be impaired on an objec- The shipping had been pretty easy for the In this case study, 16 hour off is surely tive measure of reaction time, vigilance, last few days, and John’s last pilotage had enough? In fact it might be considered a memory or decision-making. been just before lunchtime the day before, giv- little ‘cushy’ – a few hours of work – 16 If someone is feeling tired, it is a sure ing him a good 16 hours between jobs. Plenty off… Easy! sign that they are at serious risk of perfor- of time to rest, except that it had been hot. But in reality the roster is a very blunt mance impairment associated with fatigue. Stinking hot, and the teenage kids next door tool to manage the risks associated with had been going hard in the pool well into the fatigue. Not good for safety – even evening. It was 2300 by the time their party worse for your health… wound down, and John had managed to get What is fatigue? We all know the potentially catastrophic just a couple of hours sleep before the alarm Fatigue is a state of performance impair- impacts of fatigue on safety, as illustrated woke him for the next pilotage. ment, and affects many aspects of our in the opening case study. Our high-risk The Master-Pilot exchange was pretty stan- safety-critical work. It is associated with work is generally protected by a variety of dard, the vessel was in good condition, and slower reaction times, decreased vigilance, safety mechanisms, from bridge resource the bridge crew seemed fairly switched on all slower reasoning and problem solving, management picking up the error of a things considered. John was satisfied. With lit- poor memory, and changes in mood and fatigued Master, through radar and depth tle current at the turn of the tide, and no wind communication. Fatigue is to our mental warning systems to prevent mishaps. So it is to speak of, he was able to get the ship onto state what a clogged artery is to our circula- generally thought that the effects of fatigue the lead lights with little effort. The bridge was tion - it reduces the overall throughput and are masked by these protections when we quiet, and warm, and John started to feel the performance. are at work. However, you are not as well effects of little sleep. It seemed everyone on the protected when driving home, and we bridge was struggling, so much so that no one What causes fatigue? often say that this is your highest risk task. noticed the lead lights begin to separate, nor There are three main factors that lead But, the news gets worse. More and more the subtle turn to starboard. Suddenly John to fatigue. The first of these is not getting research is highlighting that people who was snapped out of daze as the bridge crew enough sleep. As humans we are designed work irregular hours have higher preva-

PAGE 6 FEATURES lence of all sorts of health impacts, includ- related risk. Sure, the roster can really have BECOMING ALERT TO FATIGUE ing cardio-vascular disease, gastrointestinal an impact, but there are many more issues, This article has been written by disorders, reproductive issues, diabetes and as highlighted in the opening case study, Associate Professor Matthew Thomas some forms of cancer. While the exact that determine the level of fatigue that we of the Appleton Institute in Adelaide, mechanisms are not yet fully understood, it bring to work. Therefore, smart organisa- which is part of the Health, Medical is likely that sleep restriction and circadian tions build into their fatigue management and Applied Sciences school at CQ disruption are part of the equation. system tools that enable and empower University. Along with Professor Sally people to determine their individual fitness Ferguson, he has advised a number of So what are companies doing for duty on any given day. ports and marine services companies to better manage fatigue? The process of self-monitoring or self- about how to manage fatigue issues in Over the last few decades, companies assessment of fatigue levels is actually pret- this challenging industry. in all manner of high-risk industries have ty simple. Several maritime organisations His primary been developing new ways to identify and in Australia embed this in policy, including research manage fatigue-related risk. Some players some well known pilotage services. These interests revolve in the maritime industry have kept up with organisations have a policy that every time around human best-practice, and some Australian opera- an employee signs on for work, they are error and fatigue, tors are doing really good work in identify- promoted to recall the amount of sleep and includes ing and responding to the risks posed by they have had in the past 24 and 48 several decades fatigue. hours, and think about how long they will of experience The basic starting point is that the man- have been awake at the completion of the working in high- agement of fatigue-related risk should be job. There are set threshold values for the risk industries integral to the whole operation in organ- amount of sleep or wakefulness that indi- Prof Matthew Thomas such as maritime, isations that utilise any form of shiftwork cate if an individual at sign-on might be at aviation, rail and or non-standard work hours. You don’t elevated levels of fatigue-rated risk. These healthcare. He focusses on areas such manage risk with a well-written policy or risk thresholds then trigger actions to make as incident investigation, non-technical guideline document on the shelf; you man- sure that high-risk jobs are only performed skills (BRM) and the development of age that risk like any other risk within your by people with sufficient prior sleep and systems to better manage human factors safety management system. not too much prior wake. The science tells risks. Basically, fatigue management it is a us, as we highlighted before, that if you Prof Ferguson, who is also Deputy matter of thinking about fatigue in terms have had less than 5 hour sleep in the prior Dean Research, has a background in of increased risk from a safety and produc- 24 hours, you will most likely make twice circadian biology and understanding tivity perspective. This means identifying the number of errors than someone who how the body clock helps keep us instances of increased fatigue and respond- has had a normal amount of sleep, which synchronised, and what happens when ing appropriately. is 7-9 hours for a healthy adult. we work against our clocks. In the There are a number of maritime opera- Another tool used in the Australian last ten years this has led to questions tors in Australia who do this well, and can maritime industry for self-assessment is about the relationship between sleep, be considered as adopting best-practice in the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Checklist. This tool wake and work patterns, particularly fatigue risk management. In the interests requires individuals to simply choose the for those working of objectivity, we won’t name them, but most appropriate descriptor of their alert- shift work. Sally those in the know will be familiar with their ness state at a given time point. The 7-point has worked with systems. Here are some of the basic things scale ranges from 1 = fully alert, wide industry partners they do to manage fatigue… awake, through to 7 = completely exhausted, in mining, rail, unable to function effectively. Scores are healthcare, Making fatigue a ‘day of recorded at the start and end of shifts, and marine pilotage, operations’ issue – not just a can be used in two main ways – to make aviation and ‘roster design’ issue. strategic modifications to operations or to the emergency Every day, each of us as an individual, make tactical decisions that manage risk in services. signs on to work with a level of fatigue- that moment. Strategic modifications may Prof Sally Ferguson She has received funding support from the National Health and Toughen up buddy – Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Australian Research Council (ARC), you’re not fatigued – the Bushfire CRC and the CRC for Rail you’re only tired! Innovation. The Appleton Institute combines excellence in research, teaching and community engagement across a range of scientific areas including safety science, sleep and biological rhythms, applied psychology, occupational health and safety, human factors, risk management, cultural anthropology and immigration. It is overseen by renowned fatigue and human factors expert Professor Drew Dawson and consists of a 30-person research team, including 10 PhD students. n

PAGE 7 FEATURES include things such as changes to the roster The diary and activity monitor data are goes well beyond the roster that a particu- or work hours, or changes to work prac- combined and analysed for key markers lar seafarer worked. tices, or changes to crewing complement. of fatigue such as total sleep time in the Tactical decisions involve the implementa- 24-hour period prior to the start of shifts The bottom line… tion of control strategies in the moment to (or work periods), length of wake periods, Today, the scientific evidence is indis- manage the risk and may include task rota- and sleep quality measures. Such data putable with respect to fatigue and safety. tion or other fatigue-proofing strategies, a can be used to check the roster is provid- First, the causes of fatigue are not simply break or nap, or stopping work. Self-report ing adequate opportunity for sleep and is all about the roster. Rather, how much data can be collected routinely and anal- invaluable as evidence that an organization sleep you have had and how long you ysed as part of a continuous improvement is continually reviewing its systems. have been awake are better indicators process in the safety management system. of risk than the roster you have worked. In a similar way to self-report data, “But we haven’t had any Second, the impacts of fatigue are not organisations can also conduct monitor- reports of a fatigue-related just about an immediate safety issue, but ing of objective markers of fatigue-related incident…” also about the significant implications risk. We have worked with a number of Unfortunately, from a liability perspec- for your health and well-being. There is maritime operations to collect and analyse tive, there is now plenty of legal precedent an increased prevalence of major health sleep/wake and work information. Such to suggest that an organization will be conditions in shift-working populations. data is used to check to what degree the found wanting if all they are doing is rely- Finally, there are a number of maritime sleep opportunity provided by the roster ing on rostering to manage fatigue. organisations in Australia who deal with actually translates to sleep. Personnel wear The report from the Australian Transport fatigue on terms beyond simple roster an activity monitor on their wrists for 2-4 Safety Bureau (ASTB) into the grounding design. We should look to these organisa- weeks to measure sleep and wake. The of the Shen Neng 1 in April 2010 high- tions as leading the way with best-practice activity monitor is similar to the current lighted a number of issues that implicated fatigue management. n suite of wearables such as Garmins or fatigue as a contributory factor in this acci- Fitbits and is validated against the gold dent. The ATSB has a well-developed In the next edition of The Master Mariner we standard laboratory-based sleep measure- framework that is used to assess whether will take a closer look at how well the new ment. Personnel also complete a daily sleep fatigue is a potential contributory factor fatigue tools are working for the companies and work diary across the study period. in an incident of accident. This framework who have adopted them.

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) review its 15-year-old fatigue guidelines, Australia First to Wake Up but offered to facilitate the process. Receiving approval to do so was a major to Fatigue On Board step, but agreeing on the new content has not been as easy. The process has involved the setting up of a correspondence group coordinated by Australia that consists of over 30 different countries and 11 different industry interest groups. So far, it has been a three-year process that has included three IMO sessions, many changes to the proposed guidelines and, with the fourth and last section looming, a number of sections on which no agreement has been achieved. Dr Grech admits it has been an extraor- dinary challenging process, with many members of the sub-committee having a different take on the issue, and others with specific interests to protect. It is hoped that consensus on the content of the new guideline will be reached at the next sub-committee meeting, however it is possible that this may be wound up after the next session, and need to be set up again to complete the job. So why is a country that has few ships and a shrinking number of mariners going to so much trouble to improve standards hile a growing number of Aus- dwindling, our regulatory authority, AMSA, worldwide? tralian port services operators is working hard to modernise thinking in “These ships are coming into Australian W are paying more attention to this area – and thus improve conditions waters, and into our ports, so that worries fatigue, what about the bridge team they on board. us,” Dr Grech says. are working with? AMSA’s Head of System Safety, Michelle “There is huge commercial pressure in Fatigue on board has its own set of Grech, is in charge of an Australian delega- this industry, and the first things to give issues, and although Australia’s fleet is tion which not only recommended that the are people.”

PAGE 8 FEATURES

age the risk of fatigue – useful for both this would be the responsibility of each Companies in giving seafarers appropriate member country. rest conditions, and seafarers needing to One difficulty for the guidelines is that manage their rest periods appropriately. while fully up-to-date, they will sit within What it doesn’t include are specific laws such as STCW which are older, and recommendations for what schedules are unlikely to be changed to reflect the latest best – for example whether the traditional in fatigue knowledge. four-on, eight-off watch schedule is the “It’s true that these laws represent the most ideal, or should be replaced. floor and the floor is likely to stay where it That, according to Dr Lutzhoft, is because is. What we are doing may only raise the there is not enough definitive research to ceiling,” Dr Lutzhoft says. make such a call, although there is much However she believes there are ways to knowledge to help companies get it right. motivate shipping companies to set their “We do know that with four-on, four-off sights higher – for example reduced insur- you get some creep. With four-on, eight- ance premiums for companies who success- off you will also get creeping sleep debt. fully manage their fatigue-related risk. With six-on, six-off there will be affects Meanwhile AMSA’s dedicated fatigue over time.” team will continue tirelessly down the long She said while young people are consid- road to IMO success – and they’re going to Professor Margareta Lutzhoft ered the most energetic by society, they need their rest. n need the most sleep, yet are often given the Luckily, Australia is well served with hardest shift - the night watch. in-country fatigue expertise, and she has “We also know that when you get older called on several researchers to provide you get less deep sleep, which is balanced the scientific basis for the new guidelines. by your long experience, helping you know AMSA is funding work being carried out how tired you are. But traditionally we’ve at AMC by Professor Margareta Lutzhoft, put the youngest and least experienced Deputy Director, National Centre for Ports people on those watches.” and Shipping, and has also involved Dr To address the problem of there being no Matthew Thomas from QC University’s one easy answer, the proposed guidelines Appleton Institute. Together with research recommend taking a risk-based approach findings from around the world, they have to addressing fatigue on board. It’s an informed the sub-committee about the lat- approach well understood in Australia est understanding of fatigue impacts caused and used by many ports and port service by a wide range of factors, such as work providers, who are aware that they face scheduling, operating conditions, environ- liability implications if they cannot prove mental disturbances, workload, emotional they took all possible safety precautions. stresses and personal health. While the guidelines don’t provide a The guidelines started out as something specific set of tools for completing a risk of a fatigue encyclopaedia, but have since assessment, suitable bio mathematical cal- been simplified and streamlined as a result culators are available, and formal train- Dr Michelle Grech representing Australia of sub-committee feedback. However it is ing – both in risk assessments and fatigue at IMO while lobbying for better fatigue still a mine of information on how to man- itself - is strongly recommended, although guidelines.

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PAGE 9 FEATURES

‘The frame is of iron with teak wood plank- Australia’s Cutty Sark, and ing, 195 feet over all, 19 feet depth of hold, and 33 feet 6 inches beam, with lines and the Team Who Will Get proportions which will ensure fast sailing. Nor is speedy progress the only aim, for in her passenger appointments every means have Her to the Ball been taken to ensure perfection. ‘Her appearance to a nautical man is extremely pleasing, for while possessing the fine lines of a clipper vessel, there is a neat- ness about the spars and rigging which adds materially to her appearance. ‘…a glance at the craft decided her supe- riority, and aroused pleasurable feelings that the Port Adelaide trade warranted the build- ing of such a ship.’ Unfortunately, after a few different careers and two sinkings, she was not, on her last arrival in SA, the beautifully dressed clipper that appeared over the hori- zon on her first. That metamorphosis is going to take far longer than it has for the Cutty Sark, but there is no doubt in the minds of her small but dedicated group of guardians, the more than 50 volunteers who make up Clipper Ship City of Adelaide Limited (CSOAL), that it must, can and will be done. And it seems plenty of people agree. Visitors, both national and foreign, have slowly accumulated until they number over 100,000, and they’ve all dipped into their pockets for a little something, raising $250,000 so far, which has gone towards

ship cleaning and preservation, access and Photo Sandra Mead Photo Gary Chrystal The City of Adelaide (italics) as she stands today. Not at her brilliant best, but still a facilities for visitors, and the mounting of dramatic and imposing sight. displays inside the ship. Director Peter Christopher has a saying here’s a global Cinderella story play- is, and where she is getting a very different for those who doubt the team can turn ing itself out right now. It’s a story makeover to her younger sister. Not for what little they get into something rivalling Tabout sisters, but even more it’s the her are there any government or museum a Cutty Sark or SS Great Britain experience. story of Cinderella before the ball and Cin- grants. Restoring her 152-year-old iron derella after. bones and timber body, which is about One sister, the northern-hemisphere 85 percent original compared with Cutty Cutty Sark, is already a great beauty. She’s Sark’s approximate 13 percent (thanks to very rare. Almost, in fact, the oldest com- several major fires) has been left to a team posite sailing ship still around. She’s well- of passionate volunteers. She isn’t even known, well visited, well-funded and, well, considered, by some in South Australia, a famous. particularly local heritage project. In con- She’s younger than her sister and has cer- trast, Cutty Sark, a tea clipper which never tainly aged better – even if that’s because carried passengers, is UK Heritage 1 listed she’s had a whole lot more replacement and has received over £11.5m in Heritage surgery. But in the world of antiquities, age Lottery funding alone. is everything, so it would stand to reason If the significance of their clipper is lost that Cutty Sark’s older sister, the southern on the powers-that-be in South Australia, one that actually is the oldest composite they are at odds with the news reporterwho, sailing ship in the world, was even more upon seeing her for the first time, wrote: famous and revered. ‘It is many years ago since Captain Bruce But she’s not. She sits in a country whose took up his station on the berth from Adelaide population is, for the most part, oblivious to London, and after giving general sat- to her existence, let alone her significance. isfaction in the Irene, he resolved to build The many Australian tourists who’ve visited expressly for the trade a new vessel in which the Cutty Sark in her impressively-appointed all the requirements his experience could sug- home in Greenwich, London, had really gest should be met… the result has been the only needed to go as far as Adelaide. production of a ship of which the colony may A resplendent Cutty Sark in her million pound home in Greenwich, London. Because that’s where the City of Adelaide well be proud.

PAGE 10 FEATURES

only difference is that no one is paid.” by a keen volunteer who said he couldn’t At the entrance to the gangway, where do anything else for the ship but he could the ship is resting on a barge (one day do this. The appeal smashed its target, leav- the plan is to get her onto dry land), there ing money in the kitty for the next step. is a shipping-container shop packed with The deck will mean a local firm’s promise souvenir items. Three tours every day are to recreate several first class cabins can run over the vessel, which is very much in now be called in. Enthusiasm and passion her ‘before-the-ball’ shape, but fascinating and hope is everywhere. nonetheless. Events have already been held The ultimate dream is for the vessel to on her - the modern decorating trend of be the centrepiece of a heritage enclave ‘industrial chic’ playing well into CSOAL’s at Port Adelaide, which benefits local busi- hands. nesses and other historical projects.

Photo Shane Reid Firms and clever individuals have donat- If this happens, or, as CSOAL would This ship is not going down. The music being played on City of Adelaide is strictly upbeat, as ed their time and expertise just to make this say, when, this 152-year-old marvel of funds are raised for her restoration. thing happen - it’s just happening in mul- engineering will surely have earned her tiples of hundreds and thousands, rather citizenship as much as anyone who sailed “We are volunteers, we are not amateurs. than millions. out on her. n We have always run this project as a busi- A recent crowdfunding appeal, for ness and we know what we are doing. The $12,000 for a new saloon deck, was set up By Joanna Carson

Life and times of City of Adelaide CSOAL lipper Ship City of Adelaide was con- structed by William Pile, Hay and C Company in Sunderland, UK, to carry passengers and goods to Adelaide. Launched in 1864, she was designed by part-owner Captain David Bruce expressly for the route, and improved on his existing trading ship Irene. Of composite construction (iron frame with timber hull), she was the pinnacle of sailing ship design. Her length overall was 244ft, length of hull 177ft, beam 33ft and draft 19ft. She initially had 14 first class cabins and carried 270 second class pas- sengers. Complete with her bowsprit she was longer than a 747 and three times the weight. She was among the fastest clippers on City of Adelaide in her heyday, painted by Ed Walker the London-Adelaide run, sharing the record of 65 days with Yatala, which was and 1893. For the next 30 years she served the Scottish Maritime Museum (SMM). She later broken only by the Torrens. She made as an isolation hospital off Southampton. At was salvaged at a cost of £500,000 and a total of 23 return voyages from England this time some of her materials, including received a further £1m grant for restora- to South Australia, carrying largely immi- her masts, were remade into hospital furni- tion works. For various reasons restoration grants one way and wool and copper the ture and fittings. eventually ground to a halt and the SMM other. After two years on the route she In 1923 the Royal Naval Volunteer applied twice for permission to dismantle was refitted to carry a larger number of Reserve (Scottish Division) purchased the her, as the ship was on private property. assisted immigrants, and today an esti- ship for use as a naval training ship. As In 2000, groups from Sunderland and mated 250,000 Australians can trace their there was already an HMS Adelaide, she Adelaide started campaigns to save her. ancestry to the clipper. was re-named HMS Carrick. During the Adding his voice to the efforts was the Her only major problem occurred in war she was used as an accommodation Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, who, 1887 when she lost her rudder during a ship, before being given to the Royal when the Adelaide bid prevailed and the storm south of Kangaroo Island while load- Naval Reserve Club (Scotland) where she ship eventually started her voyage home, ed with copper. The crew battled to avoid was refitted as a handsome clubhouse, formally re-named her City of Adelaide in a rocks for three days; limping into port a complete with bar and accommodation, ceremony on the River Thames, in view of week later, steered by dragging chains over and moored on the Clyde in Glasgow. She her younger sister Cutty Sark. the side. Her Captain Alston was awarded stayed in this role until 1989, when she City of Adelaide arrived home on February a silver salver and 100 sovereigns for became trapped under the wharf at low 3rd 2014, on board the MV Palanpur, after this feat, while a new rudder was built of tide and flooded. a nerve-wracking journey around Cape of Australian grey ironbark. This is the ship’s To ensure the historic vessel was not Good Hope that had been three-and-a-half rudder today. lost, she was given a Category A historic years in the making. At 150 years old, it The clipper was repositioned to the UK listing and sold to the Clyde Ship Trust for would be her last time on the open sea. n and used as a collier and on the North a pound. Sadly she sunk again in 1991 American timber trade route between 1887 and her guardianship was taken over by By Joanna Carson

PAGE 11 FEATURES Photo Matt Turner

Pam Whittle with a photograph of her great grandfather, Capt David Bruce. Photo Gina Sergent The Ship in the Family he Whittle family from Adelaide has there was even a reference to Captain more reason than anybody else to Bruce’s great granddaughter. Tfeel a proprietary pride in the City of As if this knowledge was not enough, Adelaide, but for reasons they almost never they were shocked to be told the vessel still found out. existed – in fact was still afloat in Scotland. Luckily, however, a chain of seemingly However it was not until 1982 that Pam unrelated events turned into a ‘Who set eyes on her great grandfather’s ship, Do You Think You Are’ experience for and before that there was much to learn The Carrick is re-homed in Glasgow. matriarch Pam, who now pays weekly about her seagoing ancestors. visits to the ship that changed her life, and Captain David Bruce went to sea at 10 Pam first saw her great grandfather’s who is one of CSCOAL’s most passionate years old. At 20 he was given his first legacy in 1982 in Glasgow, where the volunteers. command, the William Pitt. Capt Bruce vessel was serving as a Royal Navy Reserve In 1962 Pam’s daughter asked for first visited Adelaide as master of the clubhouse called the Carrick. She was something old to take to school for show Irene, the start of an obvious attraction warmly hosted by the club, and six years and tell. Her grandmother commented to the territory. In 1863 Capt Bruce, in later, on a second visit, slept aboard for that she had just the thing – an old leather partnership with Messrs Devitt & Moore, two nights, albeit in a ‘Royal Ark’ bunk. wallet – but she had just thrown it in the ordered a composite construction clipper When the Carrick sunk at her moorings a incinerator for burning. The object was ship to be built at Sunderland. It was year later, Pam could have been excused fished out and found to contain a copy completed in 1864 and sailed for South for believing her relationship with the of an Agreement of Indenture for an Australia with Capt Bruce in command, family legacy had ended. However the Alexander Bruce, Pam’s grandfather, and bearing the name of her destination, which oldest composite sailing ship in the world a Master’s Certificate for David Bruce, he had chosen as most appropriate for her. is simply far too valuable to give up that Pam’s great grandfather. Also found in the The cargo carried on the first homeward lightly, and as fortune would have it, her incinerator was a lithograph of a sailing voyage included 100 tons of copper, 10 salvation would lie downunder at Port ship. These items were a mystery as her tons of ore and 300 bales of wool. The Adelaide, just a short drive from where father had never spoken of the family beautifully-appointed ship generally made Pam lives in the Adelaide foothills. history. her passage within 100 days, her fastest Pam and her two daughters spend a A year later Mrs Whittle and her being 65 days. day of each week passing their love of husband found themselves visiting the Capt Bruce married and had three the vessel on to the increasing number Cutty Sark at Greenwich, when they saw a sons, one of whom died of pleurisy aged of visitors who are coming to have a look painting of a ship that looked remarkably 21. Both his remaining sons, John and at this piece of nautical history; many of like the lithograph they still had at home. Alexander (Pam’s grandfather), followed in whom may well find their own family story The vessel’s captain, ironically an unrelated their father’s footsteps and became master as ancestors of immigrants. Captain Bruce, referred them to the mariners, with both later commanding City For Pam, the ship is a tangible link librarian, who identified the ship as the of Adelaide. to both her past and the future. The City of Adelaide. Pam’s father did not go to sea and the vessel has played host to family reunions Amongst the records were other pictures story was not passed down to his children. and been the source of much pride and of City of Adelaide, along with the histories It might never have been known had that a great sense of belonging. Like any of its masters. From the beginning, the small leather wallet not been saved from family member, Pam couldn’t imagine life name Bruce featured prominently, and the incinerator just in time. without her. n

PAGE 12 FEATURES

Hartog Voyage a Monumental Success hursday 18th August 2016 saw the Taking her into Denham was a challeng- Island it was obvious we would not make culmination of many months of ing experience, due to the narrow entrance Geraldton with the fuel reserve we had on Tpreparation for Duyfken’s participa- channel and limited area for manouvering board, so the decision was made to return tion in the Dirk Hartog 400th Anniversary off the berth, all of which could only be to Denham under sail and then to take on celebrations. negotiated at high water. more fuel and wait for weather conditions The departure ceremony was attended She was warmly received by the large to improve. by 300 well-wishers along with invited number of holidaymakers who had trav- On Saturday 29th October, with the guests that included the Ambassador to elled to Shark Bay especially for the ship now replenished with fresh provi- the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the celebrations, and remained there on exhi- sions, an extra 2,000l of fuel contained Honorary Consul of the Netherlands. bition for five days before leaving on 24th in portable fuel cells and both main fuel Dufken, under the command of CMMA October for Turtle Bay to be part of the tanks full, the ship was once again ready member Capt Robin Chester, was towed 400th Anniversary the next day. for departure. Local knowledge had been off the berth in the traditional manner by Dirk Hartog’s landing on 25th October obtained regarding transiting the South two St Ayeles skiffs, to begin a ten-week 1616 was commemorated by the unveil- Passage south of Dirk Hartog Island. This voyage that would test both the voyage and ing of replica pewter dishes near the cleft, would save at least a day off our passage land crews. and interpretive panels at the Lighthouse time south compared to rounding Cape The first port of call was Bunbury, to Keepers Cottage. The Minister for Culture Inscription again. At midday lines were be followed by Mandurah, Hillarys, Jurien and the Arts hosted the commemorative let go and we were on our way once Bay, Dongara, Geraldton, and Denham. function and was joined by nearly 400 again. After clearing South Passage we At each port a shore-based exhibition, members of the public. headed south, once again encountering depicting the history of the discovery of At 1100 hrs on 25th October, Duyfken heavy swells which restricted our speed Australia, was set up by our land crew. Just fired her cannon to mark the culmina- and caused the ship to pitch and roll quite under 15,000 visitors paid to step aboard tion of the ceremonies. This also marked heavily at times. This time we made it past Duyfken; 4000 school children embraced the start of the ship’s return voyage to Geraldton to Dongara, where we called in our educational component and we believe Fremantle, which was always anticipated on Thursday 3rd November to allow some that further 15,000 visitors engaged with to be very difficult, but not as difficult as it crew members to return to Perth by road the free exhibition, storyboard walk and actually turned out to be. and be replaced by a fresh team of volun- the opportunity to photograph and admire Due to the strong southerly winds the teers. Duyfken left Dongara on Saturday 5th the ship. ship was not able to sail, so used her November and then made slow but steady The ship was able to sail between each engines. The winds were also accompa- progress to Fremantle, arriving on Monday port on the voyage north, giving our vol- nied by a heavy swell that severely restrict- 7th November and so completing a journey unteer crew the opportunity to experience ed the ship’s speed of progress, which that had begun 10 weeks previously. n sailing in more trying conditions than they varied between 1 and 2kts. By the time had previously been used to. we reached the southern tip of Dirk Hartog By Capt Robin Chester Photo Richard Polden

West Australia pushed the boat out to commemorate Dirk Hartog’s 1616 voyage of discovery. SS Duyfken was one of three sailing ships to follow his route, being joined by SS Leeuwin and SS Young Endeavour.

PAGE 13 FEATURES

the next stage of the research will look closely at what normally happens. “The next stage of the research project consists of naturalistic observation of navigating and manoeuvring ships in port waters. “The aim is to capture how this activity is carried out under actual conditions. “While there are numerous accounts, such as accident investigation reports, of how this activity occasionally goes wrong, there are few accounts of how this usually goes right, ie how it typically works.” Mr Trygg Mansson said this was important Navigation Teams Looking because accounts of how things typically work form a better basis for improvements than accounts of how things occasionally go Outside the Toolbox To Get wrong. Understanding this well allowed for proactive rather than reactive interventions. the Job Done Studying the team involved in navigation and manoeuvring of ships could also esearchers at the Australian Maritime maritime pilots, tug masters and VTS contribute to existing knowledge on a College have found navigation teams operators’ perceptions of this joint activity, theoretical level. R are sometimes using tools beyond he said. “Teams consisting of culturally, those intended in order to get the job done. Preliminary results indicated that to get linguistically, socially, and professionally The preliminary finding is the first from the job done, these maritime professionals diverse members, who are geographically a staged research project being undertaken employed tools and procedures beyond distributed, are increasingly common in by AMC, and focussing on navigation teams those intended to be used, varied their level contemporary settings. in the port environment. of participation in the activity, assumed “There may be valuable lessons to learn The study was begun in early 2015, and roles which differed from those prescribed, from the maritime industry, which have the first stage aimed to gain an insight into sometimes based their assumptions and dealt with these challenges for a long time.” the way navigational teams operated in port expectations on poor quality evidence, Such lessons may be transferable to other waters. and occasionally avoided communication. industries, Mr Trygg Mansson believes. More than 60 Australian maritime While these adaptations may be necessary “The maritime industry is sometimes professionals were interviewed in depth, to get the job done, they also reduce the thought of as progressing slower than other both in individual and group settings, to participants’ ability to establish common industries, but it has dealt with challenges form a picture of the activity of navigating ground – which is essential for coordination for decades, if not for centuries, which and manoeuvring ships in port waters. and hence for teamwork. other industries have not experienced until PhD candidate Joakim Trygg Mansson, “The challenge lies in enabling these recently. himself a master and VTS operator, said the maritime professionals to be sufficiently In that sense the maritime industry is a first stage of the research project had now flexible, and at the same time be sufficiently forerunner.” been completed. predictable,” he said. The research project was expected to be This stage focussed on ship masters, But rather than delving into the failures, completed by the end of 2017. n

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PAGE 14 FEATURES Honorary Member Authors Navy League History

Britain maintaining command of the sea along with the capacity to defend the Empire’s far-flung possessions and protect its trade routes. The League soon commenced forming branches overseas. The first branch in Australia was established at Launceston (Tasmania) in 1900. In 1902, to underpin the strategy, London headquarters sent one of its secretaries on a world lecture tour. His arrival in Australia coincided with spirited ongoing public debate in the newly-federated nation as to whether the country should continue to rely sig- Ships Get nificantly for its naval defence on the existing presence of the Royal Navy or Creative work towards eventually establishing its own Navy. As public opinion was tending Juices Flowing towards the latter option, there was only minimal interest shown in the objects of or another year the standard of the Navy League of Great Britain and any entries in the ANL Maritime Art branches which were established were not F Awards has risen as the lucrative sustainable. competition gets the juices flowing for From 1915 onwards, however, in the more-and-more artists. wake of the Royal Australian Navy hav- With a prize pool of $29,000, it is a ing been formed and moreover acquitting major attraction for artists and a great Long-term Honorary itself with distinction in battle in World drawcard for the Melbourne Mission to CMMA member Malcolm War I, some of these dormant branches Seafarers, which hosts the exhibition Longstaff may have the were successfully rejuvenated and gave every year as a fundraiser. This year support to both the Royal Australian Navy the main $15,000 prize was awarded answer to your Christmas and to the Royal Navy. to Barbara Tyson (pictured) for her wish list dilemmas. He Ultimately the Navy League in Australia work ‘The Voyagers Return’. was represented in all States and Territories Cash prizes were also awarded to has written a history of and in 1920, following the example of its the Nevile & Co runner up, the ASP the Australian branch of British parent, it commenced forming units Best in Traditional Art, the Bendigo of the sea cadets, known as the Navy Wealth Emerging Artist and the Svitzer the Navy League, called League Sea Cadet Corps. People’s Choice, which was voted for Keeping Watch, which has In 1950, with the support and encour- on the night of the presentation, and agement of London headquarters, the throughout the exhibition period. just been launched. various Australian Branches were recon- The sizeable mission building was stituted as an autonomous national body packed to overflowing with the 83 eeping Watch recounts the history of known as The Navy League of Australia national and international entries an organisation, always substantially with each State and Territory Division hav- selected for showing, with the unique K run by volunteers, which has main- ing representation on its Federal Council. round brick dome proving the perfect tained its relevance in a changing defence In 1973, by mutual agreement, the Royal backdrop for a wide range of art environment and earned a rightful place Australian Navy assumed full responsibil- styles. All paintings entered in the in the narrative of Australian naval history. ity for the sea cadet organisation now competition are for sale. n For Britain’s Royal Navy, the 19th- known as the Australian Navy Cadets, century was book-ended by two significant although the League continues to provide events; at the start by Nelson’s triumph at support at both Federal and State levels. the Battle of Trafalgar; and at the end by For many years, it has also been seen as an growing public concern that the strength active and respected public commentator of the Navy was declining in the face of on naval and defence issues. Its quarterly increasing naval power being developed national magazine The Navy has been around it. published continuously since 1938. One initiative which responded to this Copies of Keeping Watch can be obtained concern was the formation in 1895 of by downloading the order form to be the Navy League of Great Britain. Its found on the League’s website at www. policy was to encourage recognition by navyleague.org.au The book is available Government and Parliament and the pub- in soft back for $30 plus $15 postage and lic generally of the crucial importance of packing per copy. n

PAGE 15 BRANCH NEWS Jonathan Carroll Branch in 2013. In 1990 the branch was asked to support the construction of a Merchant Navy War Memorial to commemorate seafarers, espe- cially in Newcastle-based ships lost during WW 2. This superb memorial, designed by Capt Fair, is strategically placed in the foreshore park adjacent to the port’s main channel, and was dedicated on 17th June 1994. A well-supported remembrance service is held annually at the memorial in June. The last two decades has seen the port retain its place as the world’s largest coal export port and an expanded RAAF The sun goes down over the Newcastle Branch, but the Merchant Navy monument it helped base, but the other shipping initiatives build, photographed here with former Branch Master Brian Druce, is part of a lasting legacy. have closed or departed the city. The effect of the virtual disappearance of the major Australian Maritime Fleet, together Vale Good Branch Newcastle with the loss of BHP’s fleet management to Melbourne in 1992, has had a dra- adly and reluctantly the Newcastle bers, many to progress to important roles in Branch has, with a consensus of Mem- the shipping industry both locally, through- S bers, decided to close, due to a lack of out Australia and overseas. Membership active members. peaked in 1982 with 60 members. The branch held its last meeting this Early projects undertaken saw the branch November - for the second time, after ini- pushing for a simulator at the Australian tially existing between 1952 and 1957 and Maritime College. Support has been given closing for the same reason. to the Newcastle Region Maritime Museum The branch was reformed in 1981 in over the years, together with, initially, a the halcyon days of the Australian coastal heavy involvement in the annual Harbour shipping industry; the meeting held at the Regatta. The Naval Reserve Cadet Training TS Tobruk’s Master Mariners Shield is United Services Club, situated in the hub Establishment, TS Tobruk, was provided another ongoing legacy of the Newcastle of Newcastle’s then vibrant shipping centre, with an honour board for the best all-round branch. Watt Street. Capt Ian MacFarlane, Federal performer for the year. In 1985 the branch Master, was in attendance to welcome the gave its full backing to the Hunter Valley matic impact on recruitment of members. new Branch, the first outside the major Bicentennial project - the construction and Unfortunately our aging membership, too, capitals. Attendance at the first meeting subsequent manning of the replica, William is from a different era. The modern saw 27 prospective local members, togeth- The Fourth, the first coastal steam ship. mariner no longer lives close by, where he er with a visitation from the Federal Master In 1986 Capts Jeff Fair and Tony could ‘grab’ a night at home while his ship and 16 Sydney members. Able assistance Guinane proposed that the historic time was in port. Disappointingly, port pilots, to restart had been given by the Sydney ball atop the Custom House building be due to dislocated hours and other aspects, Branch, especially their Branch Master, reinstated to working order. This historical have not been attracted to joining. Capt Harry Major. Former Federal Master, timepiece was especially important when Because of the membership age, it was Capt Geoff Newton was installed as the first Newcastle, at the turn of last century, was decided in 2008 that the meeting be Branch Master. The local driving forces one of the last great sailing ship ports. The changed to a midday one. In todays’ busy behind the branch’s re-establishment were project was completed successfully with business world, and with the breathalyser Capt Alan Irons, later Federal Master, and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II reactivat- spelling the end of ‘long lunches’, it proved Capt William (Bill) Reid, a future Federal ing the time ball accompanied by the Duke to be a deterrent to the attendance of Archivist. of Edinburgh, on their visit to Newcastle working mariners. Recent meetings have A number of current members were on May 7th 1988, on the royal yacht attracted between 8-12 members. at that meeting - Capts Cliff Beazley AM, Britannia. Present membership is at 30, although Neil Morrison, Huw Ellis (Federal Sea 1989 saw the branch host the Federal some of these are located as far away as Going Warden), Gerard Harvey, Stephen AGM with Federal Master Capt Irons in London and Hobart. The sad loss of our Manhood, Iain Steverson (Federal Prime the chair. The Company joined the city stalwart secretary, Capt Van Andel, was Warden and Editor) and our Honorary councils in petitioning for the Federal another turning point. Our Treasurer John member and supporter, ex Federal Government’s initiative of moving the Connell has been an immense support Transport Minister, Hon. Peter Morris. Australian Maritime Safety Authority oper- over many years, and we acknowledge the A monthly magazine titled N-Compass ational centre from Canberra to Newcastle. efforts of previous office bearers and mem- was published for many years, with much The city and surrounding area was then a bers – you have made the branch a success of the print matter being compiled and major maritime precinct full of major cargo and an enjoyable environment. printed gratis, through the good auspices of shipping facilities, ship repair, shipbuild- All seafarers must pay off eventually, and BHP Shipping, until their Newcastle office ing, BHP’s fleet major operational centre we will simply rejoin our old ship down closed in the 1990s. and the major East Coast RAAF base at the coast, and our old Sydney Branch The branch was a particularly active one, Williamtown. This initiative was cancelled shipmates. n and many luminaries, too many to name as a budgetary measure. The Federal individually, have passed through as mem- AGM was again hosted by the Newcastle By Capt Iain Steverson

PAGE 16 BRANCH NEWS A Modern Cadet Settles In at Sea

lunch. I had to get the crew some fishing gear so we could use some of our crew monthly allowance. I went to a lunch bar near the seaman’s club to get a hamburger. I haven’t had a hamburger in a long time, so I really hoped it was good. The ham- burger tastes really good. After the ham- burger I went back to the Seaman’s club to use their Wi-Fi. I came back around dinnertime. We left Geraldton Late on the 30th of September to head down to AMC Henderson. It would take us around 15 hours to get there. We arrived at the inner pilot station and took on the pilot. When the pilot came to the bridge he asked for Australian cadet Andrew Kierath with his new friends and shipmates on board AAL Fremantle. our maximum draft, which was 9.8m. He was concerned that our under keel clear- ance was too little for the channel we were Our first-time seafarer Andrew Kierath from Perth, is going to go through to our berth. It was back in Australia on the AAL Fremantle with a cargo of very tense on the bridge. We had to get our drafts checked just to make sure that Christmas Trees for the mining industry. We pick up his we had enough water under our keel. I blog as he heads down the west coast… was writing the time on the chart for every buoy we went past in each channel. I then Friday October 2nd, 2015 11,000 tons of zinc concentrate into one had to write the time and what buoy it It took around five and a half days to go of our holds. I was on the gangway in the was in the logbook. In the end it was close, from Darwin to Geraldton. On the way morning up until lunchtime. It was boring, but we made it to our berth safely around down to Geraldton, the ship was rolling as there wasn’t much to do and only a few 1730. We discharged both of the Christmas a lot. At night it was hard to get to sleep people came on board. At dinner I went tree bases later that night. n when you were sliding from one side of ashore with some of the crew to have beer your bed to the other and you couldn’t stay or two out on the town. We came back Cadet Andrew Kierath was assisted in get- still. I haven’t been doing any more paint- around 2230. It was a good night, but very ting his sea time berth by CMMA members ing, but I have been moving twist locks and interesting as they spoke half English, half at Port of Fremantle in WA. To read the other heavy things when I have been on Filipino. The next day I was on gangway rest of his first experience at sea, visit www. deck. We arrived in Geraldton on the 28th in the morning until lunchtime. I was able mastermariners.org.au/ September. We were scheduled to load to get some time off, so I went ashore after

Membership Changes: July 2016 – November 2016

Deceased Members Members Who Have Transferred Members Who Have Resigned Sydney Capt. J. Smith (From WA to Sydney) Sydney Capt. I Coull Members Who Have Changed Mr J. Walker SA Membership Category Mr J. Willey Capt D. Bourne-Jones Newcastle Queensland Melbourne Capt. I. Steverson (From Retired to Life) Capt. R. Johnson Capt. R. Watkinson Capt. R. McDonell Queensland New Members Mr. D. Bayliss (From Student to Associate) WA Members Who Left and Capt. A. Nair have Rejoined Mr. G. Howard Sydney Queensland Mr J Mann Capt. S. Pelecanos

PAGE 17 BRANCH NEWS

Attendees at the Fremantle Ports Careers Day. The group consists of career advisors to high school students. Two members of CMMA are in the photo; on the left is Capt Nihar Rai, who is the Director of the WA Maritime Training Centre. Federal Secretary Capt Frank Kaleveld, who was also representing South Metropolitan TAFE, is third from left. WA Members Help Promote a Mariner’s Life fter a successful careers day for opportunities were discussed, and career concede that the requirement for gaining career advisors in 2014, Fremantle advisors were particularly interested in sea time to become a professional ship’s A Ports hosted another event this the qualifications and prerequisites of the officer was a problem on the Australian December, to promote maritime careers for various jobs available. coast, although on the positive side the high school students. WA Branch member and Director of company did have access to the training Teachers from various high schools the South Metropolitan TAFE (formerly facilities of its mother company Maersk across Perth attended the session, which Challenger) maritime sector, Capt Nihar Line. This remains an issue of discussion. was held in the conference facilities of Rai, presented a wide range of training The day was concluded with a tour of Fremantle Ports. Presentations were made opportunities at the WA Maritime Training the STS Leeuwin. The Company of Master by members of the Company of Master Centre, ranging from deck and engineer Mariners appreciates the effort made by Mariners (Capt Dave Harrod and Mark officer training, coastal qualifications, Fremantle Ports and the opportunity to Beal), Fremantle Ports, defence recruiting, fisheries and aquaculture and marine be a participant in advancing seafaring The WA Maritime Training Centre, TAMS tourism. opportunities for school leavers. n and Svitzer. Both TAMS and Svitzer promoted their A wide variety of maritime career job opportunities, however Svitzer did By Capt Frank Kaleveld

PAGE 18 BRANCH NEWS Vale Capt Douglas Bourne-Jones OAM Ladies Add Colour to Queensland Meeting

he Queensland Branch of the CMMA gathered at the Stam- Tford Plaza in Brisbane on 25th November for a Ladies Night smorgas- bord dinner. A total of thirty Master Mariners and their ladies attended and, after gathering for pre-dinner drinks and chatter, settled by the river for din- ner, which featured copious amounts of seafood. n

he South Australian branch is feeling was appointed SA Regional Manager TOT, the great loss of a fellow member who responsible for the Adelaide Container Thad a 71-year career in the maritime Terminal at Outer Harbor and the Gillman industry. Depot operations. Capt Douglas Bourne-Jones, OAM, FCILT, Like many Australian-based mariners, and former Federal Master and Life Member retirement from his ‘day job’ was the start of CMMA, will also be remembered by col- of a whole new career as a marine consul- leagues from the Melbourne Branch, where tant, also the SA representative for Ferriby he once served, as he did in SA, as Branch Marine and business manager for SeaLand Master. (Australia) Terminals. Capt Bourne-Jones was not only recog- He also held a number of association posi- nised by the Commonwealth of Australia for tions, such as SA state secretary for Shipping his services to the shipping industry, but was Australia, for which he was involved in the the recipient of two WW 2 medals – the production of a number of important papers. 1939-45 Star and the 1939-45 War Medal. Capt Bourne-Jones never stopped study- His career began in 1944 in the UK, when ing as the course of his career changed. He he ran away to sea, washing up in Australia worked towards a Bachelor of Business and some 15 years later after serving with the gained ISO/ATM qualifications. Cardiff tramp ship company Evan Thomas A most significant commendation came Radcliffe, the NZ Shipping Company and in 2009 when he was awarded the Medal Clan Line. When serving on Clan Mackellar, of the Order of Australia (OAM) for services he accepted a job in Melbourne and became to shipping. Cargo Superintendent for the Victoria Captain Bourne-Jones was highly involved Stevedoring Co. in the ISO club, which he founded, the From here he went on to become an Seven Seas Club and remained a keen Assistant Harbour Master with the Port yachtsman, owning the yacht Rimfire. of Melbourne Authority, where he was At his funeral, he was remembered as involved in setting up the Shipping Control extremely humorous, with an ability to Top: Di Marchbank, Capt Kasper Kuiper, Centre. organising many social events, as well as hav- Sandy Handfield, Chris Langford, Caroline In 1969, with the advent of containerisa- ing a flair for drafting procedures. He main- Williamson, Judith Johnston, Charles Lunn, tion into Australia, Capt Bourne-Jones joined tained many contacts across the Company Pat Lunn (standing) and other members Freightbases (a division of Trans-Ocean and would visit older or unwell members enjoying the seafood feast. Terminals) as operations manager and then of his clubs. He was full of ideas and could manager. At that time the depot was the express opinions on many subjects. Many Bottom: Judith Gold (front), Michael largest in the Southern Hemisphere. condolence had been received on news of White, Mrs. Pelecanos, Peter Marchbank, In 1981 he transferred to Adelaide and his passing. n Roberta Kuiper and Sandy Langford

PAGE 19 Branch NEWS

The yacht race in progress. Maritime Day Attracts 20,000 Mariners and Fremantle Ports ensured a successful outcome with 90 stall holders displaying their exhibits. For the eighth time the driving force was Jane Edwards, Fremantle Ports’ Social Sustainability Coordinator (and the former editor of the Master Mariner), ably assisted by Captain Stuart Davey, the port’s deputy harbour master (and CMMA member). The Company is always grateful for Ms Edwards’ and Capt Davey’s contribution. Fashion parade with dresses created Activities included the traditional cook- entirely from recycled maritime items. off between the Navy and Fremantle Ports, Capts Stuart Davey and Bill Prins Harbour rides on SMTAFE’s Maritime Maritime Day is heavily dependent Image, Visits to Fremantle Port’s emergency on local sponsorship, and many thanks nother successful Maritime Day rescue boat, STS Leeuwin, the tug Svitzer go to Svitzer, TAMs, WA Department was held in Fremantle on Saturday Albatross and the Collins submarine HMAS of Transport Marine Safety, Vega, AMS, ANovember 12th. Sheehan. Seaways, Wartsila, The Esplanade Hotel Over the eight years it has been held, Entertainment was provided by the and West Coast Pilots. the number of visitors has increased to Japanese drum group Taiko On and the The day was completed with a cocktail nearly 20,000, and Maritime Day is now Fremantle Sailing Club Pipes and Drums. function for 160 guests, sponsors, exhibitors an established calendar event for the Port In the afternoon, the Fremantle Harbour and volunteers at the Esplanade Hotel. n of Fremantle and for Fremantle itself. Classic Yacht race was another spectacular Joining forces, the Company of Master event. By Capt Frank Kaleveld Photo: Helen Lyth

Safely Channelling Victorian Shipping Proud to support the Mission to Seafarers in Victoria, and The Company of Master Mariners of Australia

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