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Words Should Be Fun: Scrabble As a Tool for Language Preservation in Tuvan and Other Local Languages1
Vol. 4 (2010), pp. 213-230 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4480 Words should be fun: Scrabble as a tool for language preservation in Tuvan and other local languages1 Vitaly Voinov The University of Texas at Arlington One small but practical way of empowering speakers of an endangered language to maintain their language’s vitality amidst a climate of rapid globalization is to introduce a mother-tongue version of the popular word game Scrabble into their society. This paper examines how versions of Scrabble have been developed and used for this purpose in various endangered or non-prestige languages, with a focus on the Tuvan language of south Siberia, for which the author designed a Tuvan version of the game. Playing Scrab- ble in their mother tongue offers several benefits to speakers of an endangered language: it presents a communal approach to group literacy, promotes the use of a standardized orthography, creates new opportunities for intergenerational transmission of the language, expands its domains of usage, and may heighten the language’s external and internal prestige. Besides demonstrating the benefits of Scrabble, the paper also offers practical suggestions concerning both linguistic factors (e.g., choice of letters to be included, cal- culation of letter frequencies, dictionary availability) and non-linguistic factors (board de- sign, manufacturing, legal issues, etc.) relevant to producing Scrabble in other languages for the purpose of revitalization. 1. INTRODUCTION.2 The past several decades have seen globalization penetrating even the most remote corners of the world, bringing with them popular American exports such as Coca-Cola and Hollywood movies. -
THE ART of Puzzle Game Design
THE ART OF Puzzle Design Scott Kim & Alexey Pajitnov with Bob Bates, Gary Rosenzweig, Michael Wyman March 8, 2000 Game Developers Conference These are presentation slides from an all-day tutorial given at the 2000 Game Developers Conference in San Jose, California (www.gdconf.com). After the conference, the slides will be available at www.scottkim.com. Puzzles Part of many games. Adventure, education, action, web But how do you create them? Puzzles are an important part of many computer games. Cartridge-based action puzzle gamse, CD-ROM puzzle anthologies, adventure game, and educational game all need good puzzles. Good News / Bad News Mental challenge Marketable? Nonviolent Dramatic? Easy to program Hard to invent? Growing market Small market? The good news is that puzzles appeal widely to both males and females of all ages. Although the market is small, it is rapidly expanding, as computers become a mass market commodity and the internet shifts computer games toward familiar, quick, easy-to-learn games. Outline MORNING AFTERNOON What is a puzzle? Guest Speakers Examples Exercise Case studies Question & Design process Answer We’ll start by discussing genres of puzzle games. We’ll study some classic puzzle games, and current projects. We’ll cover the eight steps of the puzzle design process. We’ll hear from guest speakers. Finally we’ll do hands-on projects, with time for question and answer. What is a Puzzle? Five ways of defining puzzle games First, let’s map out the basic genres of puzzle games. Scott Kim 1. Definition of “Puzzle” A puzzle is fun and has a right answer. -
Can You Change MAN to APE? Computers Can
Can a Computer Solve a Word Puzzle? - or - Can You Change MAN to APE? Computers can add; they can store numbers; they can solve equations. But word puzzles ask for abilities we don't usually associate with computers. Can we apply computational thinking to these unusual problems? To do so, we have to understand how we solve these puzzles, and identify those parts of our thought processes that can be \explained" to a computer. Computational Thinking In this discussion, we will look at a simple word puzzle. If we think about how we solve such puzzles, we can identify some mental pro- cesses (human thinking) that a computer would have to mimic: • memory: we need to know a lot of words; • imagination: we need to imagine possible changes to a word; • evaluation: given several possible changes, we need to choose the one most likely to take us to our goal; • backtracking: when a choice doesn't work out, we need to backtrack and search for an alternate choice; If we want a computer to solve these puzzles, we have to understand how we do them first, and then try to translate our thinking into computational thinking. DOUBLETS: Invented by Lewis Carroll DOUBLETS: Invented by Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll, who wrote the children's book \Alice in Wonderland", was very fond of word games and puzzles. He asked a riddle that no one has solved: Why is a raven like a writing desk?. He wrote poems like Jabberwocky full of nonsense words, a few of which were absorbed into English: burbled and gallumphing. -
Leksykon Polskiej I Światowej Muzyki Elektronicznej
Piotr Mulawka Leksykon polskiej i światowej muzyki elektronicznej „Zrealizowano w ramach programu stypendialnego Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego-Kultura w sieci” Wydawca: Piotr Mulawka [email protected] © 2020 Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone ISBN 978-83-943331-4-0 2 Przedmowa Muzyka elektroniczna narodziła się w latach 50-tych XX wieku, a do jej powstania przyczyniły się zdobycze techniki z końca XIX wieku m.in. telefon- pierwsze urządzenie służące do przesyłania dźwięków na odległość (Aleksander Graham Bell), fonograf- pierwsze urządzenie zapisujące dźwięk (Thomas Alv Edison 1877), gramofon (Emile Berliner 1887). Jak podają źródła, w 1948 roku francuski badacz, kompozytor, akustyk Pierre Schaeffer (1910-1995) nagrał za pomocą mikrofonu dźwięki naturalne m.in. (śpiew ptaków, hałas uliczny, rozmowy) i próbował je przekształcać. Tak powstała muzyka nazwana konkretną (fr. musigue concrete). W tym samym roku wyemitował w radiu „Koncert szumów”. Jego najważniejszą kompozycją okazał się utwór pt. „Symphonie pour un homme seul” z 1950 roku. W kolejnych latach muzykę konkretną łączono z muzyką tradycyjną. Oto pionierzy tego eksperymentu: John Cage i Yannis Xenakis. Muzyka konkretna pojawiła się w kompozycji Rogera Watersa. Utwór ten trafił na ścieżkę dźwiękową do filmu „The Body” (1970). Grupa Beaver and Krause wprowadziła muzykę konkretną do utworu „Walking Green Algae Blues” z albumu „In A Wild Sanctuary” (1970), a zespół Pink Floyd w „Animals” (1977). Pierwsze próby tworzenia muzyki elektronicznej miały miejsce w Darmstadt (w Niemczech) na Międzynarodowych Kursach Nowej Muzyki w 1950 roku. W 1951 roku powstało pierwsze studio muzyki elektronicznej przy Rozgłośni Radia Zachodnioniemieckiego w Kolonii (NWDR- Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk). Tu tworzyli: H. Eimert (Glockenspiel 1953), K. Stockhausen (Elektronische Studie I, II-1951-1954), H. -
Musical Segregation in American College Football
Journal of the Society for American Music (2020), Volume 14, Number 3, pp. 337–363 © The Society for American Music 2020 doi:10.1017/S175219632000022X “This Is Ghetto Row”: Musical Segregation in American College Football JOHN MICHAEL MCCLUSKEY Abstract A historical overview of college football’s participants exemplifies the diversification of main- stream American culture from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first. The same can- not be said for the sport’s audience, which remains largely white American. Gerald Gems maintains that football culture reinforces the construction of American identity as “an aggres- sive, commercial, white, Protestant, male society.” Ken McLeod echoes this perspective in his description of college football’s musical soundscape, “white-dominated hard rock, heavy metal, and country music—in addition to marching bands.” This article examines musical segregation in college football, drawing from case studies and interviews conducted in 2013 with university music coordinators from the five largest collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. These case studies reveal several trends in which music is used as a tool to manipulate and divide college football fans and players along racial lines, including special sections for music associated with blackness, musical selections targeted at recruits, and the continued position of the marching band—a European military ensemble—as the musical representative of the sport. These areas reinforce college football culture as a bastion of white strength despite the diversity among player demographics. College football is one of the many public stages on which mainstream American culture diversified between the late nineteenth and the twenty-first centuries. -
{Dоwnlоаd/Rеаd PDF Bооk} Snatch It Word Game
SNATCH IT WORD GAME PDF, EPUB, EBOOK U S Games Systems | none | 28 Apr 2011 | U.S. Games | 9781572815179 | English | CT, United States Snatch It Word Game PDF Book Our editors independently research, test, and recommend the best products; you can learn more about our review process here. The gameplay is fairly straightforward: Form different words using randomly assorted letters. Story Time Twist is a group word game that gets kids thinking on their feet and using their creativity. This top pick is geared towards providing a great overall game experience while helping any player — but especially younger children — develop certain spelling and word-recognition skills they may otherwise not want to practice in a more academic environment. Step Two: Using the remote control, move from channel to channel, searching for words that begin with each letter. Free Games Free Games has "Lexulous," an online "Scrabble" game, along with "WordTris," a "Tetris"-style word game where letters fall from the screen and you must stack them in order to create words while on a clock. Step One: Pick out a page from a story you've just read, or choose a poem you know. Pass out one bingo card and five books to each player. Learn how to play this group word game for kids on the next page. Step Two: If they do, they must search through their books for the page number page 12 and find a word that begins with that letter B. He is a contributor to sites like Renderosity and Animotions. Can you tell right from wrong? Learn about this group word game for kids on the next page. -
1 Becoming a Radio DJ
TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! © 2004 by Thomson Course Technology PTR. All rights reserved. SVP, Thomson Course No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form Technology PTR: or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, Andy Shafran recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without written permission from Thomson Course Technology PTR, Publisher: except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Stacy L. Hiquet The Premier Press and Thomson Course Technology PTR logo and Senior Marketing Manager: related trade dress are trademarks of Thomson Course Technology Sarah O’Donnell PTR and may not be used without written permission. Marketing Manager: All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Heather Hurley Important: Thomson Course Technology PTR cannot provide Manager of Editorial Services: hardware or software support. Please contact the appropriate Heather Talbot manufacturer’s technical support line or Web site for assistance. Senior Editor/Acquisitions Editor: Thomson Course Technology PTR and the author have attempted Mark Garvey throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the Associate Marketing Managers: manufacturer. Kristin Eisenzopf and Sarah Dubois Information contained in this book has been obtained by Thomson Course Technology PTR from sources believed to be reliable. Developmental/Project/ However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical error Copy Editor: by our sources, Thomson Course Technology PTR, or others, the Brian Proffitt Publisher does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or Technical Reviewer: completeness of any information and is not responsible for any Chad Carrier errors or omissions or the results obtained from use of such information. -
Letters in Squares- Word Puzzles in English
UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ANGLISTIKO IN AMERIKANISTIKO Diplomsko delo LETTERS IN SQUARES- WORD PUZZLES IN ENGLISH Mentorica: Kandidatka: Doc.dr. Katja Plemenitaš Mateja Vinovrški Maribor, 2010 ZAHVALA Hvala vsem, ki ste kakorkoli pomagali, da je ta naloga tukaj! U N I V E R Z A V M A R I B O R U F I L O Z O F S K A F A K U L T E T A Koroška cesta 160 2000 Mariboor IZJAVA O AVTORSTVU Podpisana Mateja Vinovrški, rojena 23. aprila 1980 v Mariboru, študentka Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, smer angleški jezik s književnostjo in biologija, izjavljam, da je diplomsko delo z naslovom Črke v kvadratih – besedne uganke v angleščini oz. Letters in squares – Word puzzles in English pri mentorici doc. dr. Katji Plemenitaš, avtorsko delo. V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. ABSTRACT Word puzzles and games are an important tool for learning and consolidating language. They appear in various forms and in various media (books, online, board games and newspapers). This diploma thesis presents the history of word puzzles and offers a classification of different types of word puzzles and games. In order to gauge how English language-learning materials in Slovenia utilize word puzzles, an analysis of the number of occurrences and variety of word puzzles in English language study books that are offered in Slovenia is also presented. A survey among Slovenian primary school learners has been made regarding the use of crosswords in the classroom and its results are also presented. -
Word Jumble Challenges - 41 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
WORD JUMBLE CHALLENGES - 41 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Vaibhav Devanathan | 104 pages | 16 Aug 2020 | Independently Published | 9798675872015 | English | none Word Jumble Challenges - 41 PDF Book Dealing with Missing Letters The one thing this puzzle solver can't navigate is missing letters like a crossword puzzle. She loaded up other word jumble help sites on her cell phone. Daily Jumble December 31 Answers. The young son has typically loaded up on rolls and a little meat. Construct a Bridge. Contact Me. Well done!!! Scrabble Word Finder The tool also doubles as a scrabble word finder. In this game, you have to unscramble an unlimited number of words that will never let you get bored easily. That meant there was always a risk of someone meddling with the page spammy ads or malware as it moved across the public Internet. I liked it! Word Games! Designed to defeat any word jumble maker. Especially for Americans, who can barely speak just English! Scrabble Cheatah : Still trying to find a word maker? Mahjong Dynasty. Word Unscrambler is a simple online tool for unscrambling or solving scrambled words, typically useful in generating valid words from puzzle games such as Scrabble, Words with Friends, Wordfeud, Wordscraper, TextTwist, Word Cookies, Anagrams etc. Jigsaw Puzzle Christmas. The answer letter layout was an interesting ten letter jumble. Fine eleven letter jumble for the answer letter layout. Play the best free online Jumble Games on Word Games! Good morning. Daily Jumble January 16 Answers. We built tools to unscramble letters , unscramble words. Wood Blocks. Mila's Magic Shop. It is up to you to craft them into meaningful sentences. -
Can a Computer Solve a Word Puzzle? - Or - Can You Change MAN to APE?
Can a Computer Solve a Word Puzzle? - or - Can You Change MAN to APE? Computers can add; they can store numbers; they can solve equations. But games ask for abilities we don't usually associate with computers. Individuals have been developing algorithms for games like chess and GO since the first computer was developed. Can we apply computational thinking to these types of problems? To do so, we look at a type of word puzzle and identify those parts of our thought processes that can be \explained" to a computer. In this discussion, we will look at a simple word puzzle. If we think about how we solve such puzzles, we can identify some mental pro- cesses (human thinking) that a computer would have to mimic: • memory: we need to know a lot of words; • imagination: we need to imagine possible changes to a word; • evaluation: given several possible changes, we need to choose the one most likely to take us to our goal; • backtracking: when a choice doesn't work out, we need to backtrack and search for an alternate choice; If we want a computer to solve these puzzles, we have to understand how we do them first, and then try to translate our thinking into computational thinking. DOUBLETS: Invented by Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll, who wrote the children's book \Alice in Wonderland", was very fond of word games and puzzles. He asked a riddle that no one has solved: Why is a raven like a writing desk?. He wrote poems like Jabberwocky full of nonsense words, a few of which were absorbed into English: burbled and gallumphing. -
GAMELIST ARCADE 32 Ver.FM2-082020
GAMELIST ARCADE 32 ver.FM2-082020 Attento! I giochi non sono in ordine alfabetico ma raggruppati per console originale. Apri questa lista con un lettore PDF (ad esempio adobe reader) e usa il tasto “cerca” per trovare i tuoi giochi preferiti! I giochi della sala giochi sono nei gruppi “Mame”, “Neo-geo” e “Arcade”. Arcade Pag. 2 NeoGeo Pocket Color Pag. 78 Atari Lynx Pag. 21 NeoGeo Pocket Pag. 78 Atari2600 Pag. 22 Neogeo Pag. 79 Atari5200 Pag. 27 NES Pag. 83 Atari7800 Pag. 28 Nintendo 64 Pag. 100 Game Boy Advance Pag. 29 PC-Engine Pag. 100 Game Boy Color Pag. 37 Sega 32X Pag. 104 Game Boy Pag. 44 Sega Master System Pag. 104 Game Gear Pag. 55 Sega Mega Drive Pag. 109 Mame Pag. 61 SNES Pag. 122 PLAYSTATION Pag. 136 DREAMCAST Pag. 136 SEGA CD Pag. 136 1 ARCADE ( 1564 ) 1. 1000 Miglia: Great 1000 Miles Rally 42. Alien Storm (World, 2 Players, FD1094 (94/07/18) 317-0154) 2. 1941: Counter Attack (World 900227) 43. Alien Syndrome (set 4, System 16B, 3. 1943 Kai: Midway Kaisen (Japan) unprotected) 4. 1943: The Battle of Midway (Euro) 44. Alien VS Predator (Euro 940520) 5. 1943: The Battle of Midway Mark II (US) 45. Aliens (World set 1) 6. 1944 : The Loop Master (USA 000620) 46. Alligator Hunt (World, protected) 7. 1945k III (newer, OPCX2 PCB) 47. Altered Beast (set 8, 8751 317-0078) 8. 1991 Spikes 48. Ambush 9. 2 On 2 Open Ice Challenge (rev 1.21) 49. American Horseshoes (US) 10. 4 En Raya (set 1) 50. -
SPARTAN DAILY BLOGS and Get the Latest Conan O’Brien Is Coming to SJSU
BASEBALL VICTORY Spartans win tournament SEE PAGE 6 Serving San José State University since 1934 Monday, March 15, 2010 www.TheSpartanDaily.com Volume 134, Issue 24 Swarmed: SJSU Student codes iPhone app season ends for San Jose transportation Jennifer Elias Jogi said he moved from would be nice if VTA digital Staff Writer his home country of India to screens showed the times of San Jose last August, where when the next train is coming, Commuters can now ac- he must rely on public trans- like BART.” SEE SPORTS PAGE 4 cess public transportation portation to get from place to Jogi said he purposely routes, times, and maps with place. priced the app at the lowest the touch of a finger, thanks “I regularly take a bus,” he cost for an application on the to an SJSU student. said. “And it is very tedious iTunes store. Vashishtha Jogi, a gradu- to always have to open my “If I keep it at a high rate, ate student in software engi- laptop to find bus timings, people won’t buy it,” he said. neering, developed an iPhone or look it up online before I The application has been and iPod Touch application leave.” downloaded a total of 35 called “San Jose Transit.” Jogi said this was the main times so far, he said. For 99 cents, Jogi said the reason he decided to create Jogi said a lot of iPhone offline application for the the application, using the ex- users who travel by VTA don’t iPhone and iPod Touch allows perience he had from making know about this application.