EDITOR-IN-CHIEF DEPUTY EDITORS DIVISIONAL SENIOR DIRECTOR,

David J. Moliterno, MD, Habib Samady, MD, PUBLISHING University of Kentucky, Emory University, Justine Varieur Turco, MA, Lexington, KY, USA Atlanta, GA, USA American College of Cardiology, Stephan Windecker, MD, Washington, DC, USA Bern University Hospital, EXECUTIVE MANAGING EDITOR Bern, Switzerland Eileen Cavanagh, MPS, Khaled M. Ziada, MD, American College of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Washington, DC, USA Cleveland, OH, USA MANAGING EDITOR GUEST EDITORS Robbyn M. Schuchart, BA, American College of Cardiology, H. Vernon Anderson, MD, Washington, DC, USA University of Texas Health, Science Center Houston, DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Houston, TX, USA Ron Schmelzer, Jr., MSPM, PMP, CSM, Lars Søndergaard, MD, DMSc, American College of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Washington, DC, USA Copenhagen, Denmark

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF ASSOCIATE EDITORS Adrian W. Messerli, MD, SOCIAL MEDIA EDITORS University of Kentucky, JACC Fernando Alfonso, MD, PhD, Abdallah El Sabbagh, MD, Lexington, KY, USA Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, Hospital Universitario de Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, La Princesa, Madrid, Spain Toby Rogers, MD, PhD, Jacksonville, FL, USA New York, NY, USA Mohamad Alkhouli, MD, MedStar Washington Hospital Poonam Velagapudi, MD, JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Mayo Clinic, Center, Columbia University Medical Y. Chandrashekhar, MD, Rochester, MN, USA Washington, DC, USA Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA University of Minnesota/VAMC, Dominick J. Angiolillo, MD, PhD, Marco Valgimigli, MD, PhD, Minneapolis, MN, USA University of Florida-Jacksonville, Bern University Hospital, EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS JACC: Heart Failure Jacksonville, FL, USA Bern, Switzerland J. Dawn Abbott, MD, Christopher M. O’Connor, MD, Jean-Philippe Collet, MD, PhD, Brown University, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, STATISTICAL EDITOR Pitié-Salpêtrière (APHP), Providence, RI, USA Falls Church, VA, USA Paris Sorbonne Université, Michael Szarek, PhD, MS, JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology Ahmed K. Abdel-Latif, MD, PhD, Paris, France SUNY Downstate Medical Kalyanam Shivkumar, MD, PhD, University of Kentucky, Stephen G. Ellis, MD, Center, UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Lexington, KY, USA Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, New York, NY, USA UCLA Health System, Takashi Akasaka, MD, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA Wakayama Medical University, JACC: Basic to Translational Science Bon-Kwon Koo, MD, PhD, EMERITUS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Wakayama, Japan Douglas L. Mann, MD, Seoul National University Hospital, Spencer B. King, III, MD, R. David Anderson, MD, Seoul, South Korea Washington University School of Medicine, MACC, University of Florida, St. Louis, MO, USA Anna Sonia Petronio, MD, Emory University School of Gainesville, FL, USA JACC: Case Reports University of Pisa, Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Giuseppe Andò, MD, PhD, Pisa, Italy Julia Grapsa, MD, PhD, University of Messina, Barts Health NHS Trust, Nicolo Piazza, MD, PhD, SENIOR ADVISING Messina, Italy London, UK McGill University Health Centre, EDITOR Robert J. Applegate, MD, JACC: CardioOncology Montreal, Canada Antonio Colombo, MD, Wake Forest University, Christopher J. White, MD Bonnie Ky, MD, MSCE, Humanitas IRCCS, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Perelman School of Medicine at the Ochsner Health System, Research Hospital, EhrinJ.Armstrong,MD, University of Pennsylvania, New Orleans, LA, USA Rozzano, Milan, Italy University of Colorado, Philadelphia, PA, USA ASSOCIATE EDITORS— Denver, CO, USA JACC: Asia CME/MOC/ECME EDITOR IMAGING Herbert D. Aronow, MD, MPH, ’ Michael C. McDaniel, MD, Jian an Wang, MD, PhD, Vasilis C. Babaliaros, MD, Rhode Island and the Emory University, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Emory University, Miriam Hospitals, Atlanta, GA, USA Hangzhou, China Atlanta, GA, USA Providence, RI, USA EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS CONTINUED EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Julie Hoffmann, MHA, Usman Baber, MD, Bimmer E. Claessen, MD, PhD, Philippe Genereux, MD, University of Kentucky, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Lexington, KY, USA New York, NY, USA New York, NY, USA Morristown, NJ, USA Kara McDermott, BA, ZiyadM.B.Ghazzal,MD, American College of Cardiology, Steven R. Bailey, MD, David J. Cohen, MD, American University of Beirut, Washington, DC, USA LSU Health School of Medicine, Saint Luke’s Mid America Beirut, Lebanon Shreveport, LA, USA Heart Institute, MARKETING MANAGER Kansas City, MO, USA C. Michael Gibson, MD, Marco Barbanti, MD, Colleen Whipple-Erno, BA, Beth Israel Deaconess University of Catania, American College of Cardiology, George D. Dangas, MD, PhD, Medical Center, Catania, Italy Washington, DC, USA Mount Sinai Hospital, Boston, MA, USA New York, NY, USA SOCIAL MEDIA COORDINATOR Eric R. Bates, MD, Lawrence W. Gimple, MD, University of Michigan, Justin E. Davies, MD, University of Virginia Sara Khalaf, BA, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Imperial College, Health System, American College of Cardiology, London, UK Charlottesville, VA, USA Washington, DC, USA Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, Jay S. Giri, MD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Ole De Backer, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania, WEB MANAGER, DIGITAL Newton, MA, USA Rigshospitalet Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA PUBLISHING Copenhagen, Denmark John Bittl, MD, Mario Goessl, MD, Elizabeth Bradtke, BA, Munroe Heart, Carlo Di Mario, MD, PhD, Minneapolis Heart Institute, American College of Cardiology, Oscala, FL, USA Careggi University Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA Washington, DC, USA Florence, Italy Cindy L. Grines, MD, David C. Booth, MD, Danny Dvir, MD, Northside Hospital Cardiovascular ETHICS COMMITTEE University of Kentucky, University of Washington, Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA Lexington, KY, USA Chair: Richard L. Popp, MD, Seattle, WA, USA Hitinder S. Gurm, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sorin J. Brener, MD, University of Michigan, Javier Escaned, MD, PhD, Palo Alto, CA, USA New York Methodist Hospital, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Holly Atkinson, MD, Brooklyn, NY, USA Madrid, Spain Luiz Guzman, MD, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY Wake Forest Baptist Health, Carlo Briguori, MD, PhD, Michael Farkouh, MD, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Lawrence S. Cohen, MD, Clinica Mediterranea, University of Toronto, Yale University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy Toronto, Canada Edward L. Hannan, PhD, New Haven, CT, USA State University of New York David Faxon, MD, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD, at Albany, Kim Fox, MD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Minneapolis, MN, USA Boston, MA, USA Beau M. Hawkins, MD, College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Jeffrey A. Brinker, MD, William F. Fearon, MD, University of Oklahoma, Robert Frye, MD, Stanford University, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA Stanford, CA, USA Baltimore, MD, USA Kentaro Hayashida, MD, PhD, Philip J. Landrigan, MD, Keio University, Brigitta C. Brott, MD, Dmitriy N. Feldman, MD, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Tokyo, Japan University of Alabama, Weill Cornell Medical College, Eric Prystowsky, MD, New York, NY, USA Birmingham, AL, USA Tarek Helmy, MD, The Care Group, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA Marc D. Feldman, MD, Saint Louis University, Salvatore Brugaletta, MD, University of Texas Health Science St. Louis, MO, USA Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Center-San Antonio, Ziyad M. Hijazi, MD, PhD, Barcelona, Spain San Antonio, TX, USA Sidra Medical & Research Center, Robert Byrne, MD, José Luis Ferreiro Gutiérrez, MD, Doha, Qatar Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, John W. Hirshfeld, Jr., MD, Munich, Germany Barcelona, Spain University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Davide Capodanno, MD, PhD, Joseph Foley, MD, Ferrarotto Hospital, Ballad CVA Heart Institute, Wissam Jaber, MD, Catania, Italy Bristol, TN, USA Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA John Carroll, MD, Francesco Franchi, MD, University of Florida, Alice K. Jacobs, MD, University of Colorado, Jacksonville, FL, USA Boston University Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA Boston, MA, USA Runlin Gao, MD, Shao-Liang Chen, MD, PhD, Hasan Jilaihawi, MD, Nanjing Medical University, Fu Wai Hospital, New York University, Nanjing, China Beijing, China New York, NY, USA Alaide Chieffo, MD, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, MD, Michael Joner, MD, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, MedStar, Technische Universität, Milan, Italy Washington, DC, USA Munich, Germany EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS CONTINUED

Samir Kapadia, MD, Gary S. Mintz, MD, Michael E. Reardon, MD, George A. Stouffer, MD, Cleveland Clinic, Cardiovascular Research Houston Methodist Hospital, University of North Carolina, Cleveland, OH, USA Foundation, Houston, TX, USA Chapel Hill, NC, USA Washington, DC, USA Dimitrios Karmpaliotis, MD, Giuseppe Tarantini, MD, Columbia University Thomas Modine, MD, PhD, Simon Redwood, MD, University of Padova, King’sCollege, Medical Center, Bordeaux University Hospital, Padua, Italy New York, NY, USA University of Bordeaux, London, UK Vinod H. Thourani, MD, Adnan Kastrati, MD, Bordeaux, France Frederic S. Resnic, MD, MedStar Heart and Vascular Deutsches Herzzentrum, Gilles Montalescot, MD, PhD, Lahey Clinic, Institute, Washington, DC, USA Technische Universitát, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Burlington, MA, USA Munich, Germany Pitié-Salpêtrière, J.M. de la Torre Hernandez, MD, PhD, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Takeshi Kimura, MD, Paris, France Carlos Ruiz, MD, PhD, Santander, Spain Kyoto University Graduate Yoshihiro Morino, MD, Hackensack University School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Medical Center, E. Murat Tuzcu, MD, Kyoto, Japan Morioka, Japan New York, NY, USA Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Dean J. Kereiakes, MD, Issam Moussa, MD, Manel Sabaté, MD, The Christ Hospital Heart and University of Illinois, University Hospital Clínic, Apostolos Tzikas, MD, PhD, Vascular Center, Urbana, IL, USA Barcelona, Spain Ahepa University Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA Thessaloniki, Greece Debrabrata Mukherjee, MD, Jacqueline Saw, MD, Morton J. Kern, MD, Texas Tech University Vancouver General Hospital, Long Beach Veterans Alec Vahanian, MD, Health Science Center, Vancouver, Canada Administration Hospital, University Paris VII, El Paso, TX, USA Long Beach, CA, USA PatrickW.Serruys,MD,PhD, Paris, France Neal S. Kleiman, MD, E. Magnus Ohman, MD, Imperial College London, Eric Van Belle, MD, PhD, Methodist DeBakey Heart Duke University, London, UK Institut Coeur-Poumon, Durham, NC, USA and Vascular Center, Mehdi Shishehbor, DO, PhD, Lille, France Houston, TX, USA Yukio Ozaki, MD, PhD, University Hospitals Cleveland George W. Vetrovec, MD, Fujita Health University Hospital, Ran Kornowski, MD, Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Toyoake, Japan Tel-Aviv University, Cleveland, OH, USA Richmond, VA, USA Petach-Tikva, Israel Seung-Jung Park, MD, PhD, Dirk Sibbing, MD, Renu Virmani, MD, Michael A. Kutcher, MD, Asan Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität CVPath Institute, Inc., Wake Forest University, Seoul, South Korea München, Gaithersburg, MD, USA Winston-Salem, NC, USA Michele Pighi, MD, PhD, Munich, Germany Ron Waksman, MD, Warren K. Laskey, MD, MPH, McGill University, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, University of New Mexico, Montreal, Canada Paul Sorajja, MD, Albuquerque, NM, USA Minneapolis Heart Institute Washington, DC, USA DuaneS.Pinto,MD,MPH, Foundation, Azeem Latib, MD, Beth Israel Deaconess John Webb, MD, Minneapolis, MN, USA EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus Medical Center, St. Paul’s Hospital, and San Raffaele Scientific Boston, MA, USA Vancouver, Canada Institute, Milan, Italy Christian Spaulding, MD, Fabien Praz, MD, Hôpital Européen Georges William Wijns, MD, PhD, Massoud Leesar, MD, University Hospital, Pompidou, The Lambe Institute for University of Alabama at Bern, Switzerland Suresnes, France Translational Medicine and Curam, Birmingham, Bernard Prendergast, DM, Galway, Ireland Birmingham, AL, USA Stavros Spiliopoulos, MD, PhD, St Thomas’ Hospital, David O. Williams, MD, Martin B. Leon, MD, Attiko University Hospital, London, UK Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Columbia University Medical Athens, Greece Boston, MA, USA Center, New York, NY, USA S. Tanveer Rab, MD, Giulio Stefanini, MD, Emory University, Alan Yeung, MD, Ehtisham Mahmud, MD, Humanitas Research Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA Stanford University Medical Center, University of California-San Diego, Milan, Italy San Diego, CA, USA Michael Ragosta, MD, Palo Alto, CA, USA University of Virginia Raj Makkar, MD, Gregg W. Stone, MD, David X. Zhao, MD, Health System, Mount Sinai, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Charlottesville, VA, USA New York, NY, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA Winston-Salem, NC, USA Kreton Mavromatis, MD, Sunil V. Rao, MD, Stefan Stortecky, MD, Emory University, Duke University, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Atlanta, GA, USA Durham, NC, USA Bern, Switzerland