Numbers in Italics Indicate Figures; Altman Splint 396 Anthelmintics 55–6 Numbers in Bold Indicate Boxes

Index

Numbers in italics indicate figures; Altman splint 396 Anthelmintics 55–6 numbers in bold indicate boxes. Aluminium hydroxide 61 Antiarrhythmic drugs 60 Aminoglycosides 54 Antibacterial drugs 54 Amitraz 57 Antibiotics, definition 54 ABC mnemonic 109, 111, 287 Amlodipine 60 Anticoagulants 206 ABCD mnemonic 305 Ammonium urate crystals 219 Antidiarrhoeal agents 61 Abdomen Amoxicillin 54 Antidotes 123 bandaging 388, 389 Amphotericin B 55 Antiemetics 61 counterpressure in CPCR 110 Ampicillin 54 Antiepileptic drugs 58 emergency examination 120 Anaemia 153–4 Antifungal drugs 54–5 examination 142 Anaesthesia Anti-inflammatory drugs 57–8 radiographic positioning 253 accidents and emergencies 304–5 Antimicrobial drugs 54–5 Abrasions 375 anaesthetic machine 269–71 Antineoplastic drugs 55 Abscesses 346–7 analgesics 284, 293–6 Antiparasitic agents 42–3, 55–7 lung 352 for birds 312–14 Antiprotozoal drugs 55 prostatic 364 circuits 271–83 Antiseptics 78–9 ACE inhibitors 60 gas flow rate calculation 275 Antitussives 60, 61 Acepromazine 284 gases 289–91 Antiviral drugs 55 combinations 284, 307 health and safety 291 Aortic stenosis 150 Acetazolamide 64 induction 285–8 APL (adjustable pressure-limiting) valve Acid–base imbalances 133, 327 local 292 272 Activated charcoal 123 maintenance 288–91 Humphrey 279–280, 283 Active exercise 195, 199 monitoring 297–303 IPPV 283 Acute heart failure 151–2 neuroleptanalgesia 284 Apnoea 299, 304 Acute renal failure 160–1 neuromuscular blocking agents 293 Apomorphine 61 Acute respiratory failure 148–9 pollution 291 Appetite 89 Addison’s disease see premedication 283, 284, 285 stimulation 184 Hypoadrenocorticism for radiography 241 Appointments 11 Adjuvants 59 recovery 302 Appraisals 1–2 Admitting patients 48–9 for reptiles 310–12 Archaeopsylla erinacei 40 Adrenaline 106, 110, 124, 304 role of the VN 4 Arrhythmia 117 Advice see Client advice scavenging 291 Arterial blood gases 115 Ageing 176–7 sedatives 284, 285 Arteriodilators 60 Aggressive animals, handling 92, 93 for small mammals 305–10 Arthritis 172–3 Aggressive clients 13 stages 296–7 Arthrocentesis 221 Aglepristone 63 Anaesthetics Arthrodesis 345 Airway combinations 287 Arthrography 257 emergencies 107, 109, 111 intravenous 286, 289 Arthroplasty 345 extubation 288 local 292, 293, 296 Arthroscopy 345 intubation 287–8 volatile (inhalation) 289, 290 Arthrotomy 345 in birds 313 (see also specific agents) Artificial tears 64, 302 in rabbits 308 Anal furunculosis 359 Asepsis 107, 317–18 obstruction 116, 304, 351 Anal sac impaction 359 (see also Sterilization) (see also Respiratory system, Analgesia 293–4 Aspirin 295 Trachea) Analgesics toxicity in cats 58 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), NSAIDs 293, 295–6 Assisted feeding see Feeding/diet abnormalities 215 opioids 293, 294–5 Atipamezole 268, 304, 307 Albumin, abnormalities 215 as premedicants 285 Atopic dermatitis 176 Alfaxalone 286 for reptiles 311 Atracurium 293 Alfaxalone/alfadalone 286, 311, 313 for small mammals 306–7 Atropine 64, 106, 110, 304 Alginate dressings 385 Angiocardiography 257 Aural haematoma 369, 370 Alimentary tract see Gastrointestinal Angiography 257 Autoclave 318 tract Animal wards 81–2 Automated analysers 208 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Anorectal disease 359 AVM-GSL drug classification 70, 71 abnormalities 215 Anorexia 16, 183 Avulsion 375 Allis tissue forceps 322 postoperative 338 Alopecia 175 Antacids 61

BSAVA Manual of Practical Veterinary Nursing. Edited by Elizabeth Mullineaux and Marie Jones. ©BSAVA 2007 399 Index

Babesiosis 37 Body Cardiovascular system Bacteriology 226–7 brace 339 drugs acting on 59–60 Bain circuit 273, 276 fluids, sampling 221 emergency examination 116–18 Balanitis 363 language Care plans see Nursing process Bandages/bandaging in cats 89 Carprofen 65, 295, 306, 311 abdominal 388, 389 in dogs 89 Carpus, radiographic positioning 247 ear and head 387, 388 in humans 12 Cash payments 50 Ehmer sling 391–2, 393 temperature Castration 364–5 foot 390–1 abnormalities 87, 120–1 Casts 395–6 birds 394–5 during anaesthesia 300–1 removal 397 layers 384–5 measurement 86–7 Cat bite abscess, lancing 346–7 materials 386, 387 neonates 29 Cat ‘flu 144, 146 removal 397 normal values 86, 112, 142–3 Cataracts 368 restraint for 387 raising/lowering 1–2 Catheterization see Urinary Robert Jones 388–9 water 127 catheterization rules 387 Bodyweight and fluid loss 129 Catheters tail 392, 393 Bone plates and screws 341, 342 for bitches 192 thoracic 387–8, 389 Bone tumours 172 care 138 Velpeau sling 391, 392 Booster vaccinations 34, 36 for cats 192, 193 wing 394 Bordetella bronchiseptica 59, 143 emergency equipment 107 ‘Barbering’, rodents 201 Borrelia burgdorferi 143 intravenous insertion 137 Barium sulphate 254 Bosun whistle 271 over-the-needle 134 Barrier dressings 382, 386 Boyle’s bottle vaporizer 271 through-the-needle 135 Barrier nursing 83–4 Bradycardia 299, 304 Cats Basal energy requirement (BER) 188 Bradypnoea 88, 112, 299 airway intubation/extubation 288 Bathing Breeding see Reproduction anaesthetic combinations 287 before surgery 328 Bromohexine 61 aspirin toxicity 58 soiled patients 183 Bronchodilators 61 behaviour problems 15–16 Beds/bedding for elderly patients 179 Bronchography 257 blood Behaviour problems 15–16 Buffy coat 211 cells 215 (see also Demeanour) Bupivacaine 292 sampling 209 Benazepril 60, 62 Buprenorphine 295, 306, 311 typing 131 Benign prostatic hyperplasia 364 combinations 284 body language 89 Benzoyl peroxide 64 Burette 135 body temperature 86, 112, 141 Betamethasone 63, 64 Burns 121–2, 375 BUN 129 Bethanecol 62 Butorphanol 61, 295, 306, 311 capillary refill time 112 Bicarbonate, normal/abnormal values combinations 284, 287 castration 364 132 Butterfly needles 135 catheters 192, 193 Bilirubin, abnormalities 215 creatinine 129 Biochemical tests 215–16 drug administration 94 Biopsy Cabergoline 63 dystocia 124 liver 361 Cadavers electrolytes 132 sample submission 227 disposal 83 exercise 23 skin 226 for postmortem examination 227 handling 92–3 tumours 348 Caesarean operation 28–9, 366 infectious diseases 144, 145 Biotin, deficiency/excess 19 Calcium injection 94 Birds lice 41 air sac insufflation 314 abnormalities 132, 216 male see Tomcats anaesthesia 312–14 dietary, deficiency/excess 20 mammary tumours 367 assisted feeding 204 normal values 132 mating 25 bandaging 394–5 Calcium carbonate crystals 219 blood cells 215 Calcium channel blockers 60 mites 41 diseases 202–3 Calcium oxalate crystals 219 mucous membrane colour 112 ectoparasites 225 Calcium sensitizing drugs 60 muzzle 92 feeding advice 17 Calculations neutering 31 radiographic positioning 253 blood loss 301 paracetamol toxicity 58 respiratory system 312 drug doses 69–70 PCV 128–9 vagino-urethrography 256 fluid loss/requirements 127, 129 pulse rate 87, 112, 116, 141 Bisacodyl 61 gas cylinder contents 270 reproduction 23–4, 25, 26 Bitch gas flow rates 275 respiratory rate 88, 112, 141 catheters 192 VAT 51 restraining aids 92 oestrous cycle 23 water intake 178 signs of pain 294 puberty 23 Campylobacteriosis 147 taurine deficiency 20 urinary catheterization 194 Cancer see Tumours urinary catheterization 194 Blood Canine distemper 59, 227 urine output 90 biochemical abnormalities 215–16 Canine parvovirus 59, 143, 227 urine SG 129 donors 130–1 Cannulation, nasal 114, 115 vaccination 59 gas monitoring 115 Capillary refill time venepuncture 93 glucose curve 165 abnormalities 88 water intake 90 haemoglobin 211 during anaesthesia 300 (see also Kittens, Queens) MCHC 211 measurement 88, 117 Cefalexin 54 MCV 211 normal values 112, 117, 142 Centrifuges 208, 211 PCV 211, 212 Capnography 303 Cephalic venepuncture 93–4, 210 pressure 153, 303 Carbimazole 62 Cephalosporins 54 RBC 211 Carbohydrates, deficiency/excess 19 Cerclage wires 341, 342 samples Cardiac arrest 304, 305 Cerebrospinal fluid sampling 221 collection 209–10 Cardiac glycosides 60 Cheatle forceps 317 preparation 210–11 Cardiogenic shock 117, 118 Cheque payments 50 preservation 206 Cardiopulmonary arrest 109–11 Chest compression 110, 111 smears Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Cheyletiella 41, 147, 222, 223, 224 examination 214, 215 307 parasitivorax 41, 174, 225 preparation 212–13 Cardiopulmonary–cerebral resuscitation yasguri 226 preservation 214 (CPCR) Chiari/Syringomyelia Scheme 26 transfusion 130–1 equipment 107 Chinchillas typing 131 procedure 109–10, 111 analgesics 306 WBC 214 team 106 body temperature 142

400 Index

pulse 142 Control of Hazardous Waste (England Digoxin 60 reproductive parameters 24 and Wales) Regulations (HWR) 2005 Dilated cardiomyopathy 151 respiratory rate 142 82–3 Diltiazem 60 Chip and pin 51 Control of Substances Hazardous to Diphenhydramine 64 Chlamydophila 59, 144 Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 Diphenoxylate 61 Chloramphenicol 54, 63 5, 6, 7 Dipstick analysis 218 Chlorhexidine 79, 328 Controlled drugs 71–2, 73 Dipylidium caninum 39, 56, 220 Chloroxylenol 78 Copper (dietary), deficiency/excess 20 Direct debit payments 51 Chlorpheniramine 64 Corneal reflex 300 Dirofilaria immitis 36 Chlortetracycline 63 Corneal surgery, NMBAs 293 Dirty wounds 375 Cholecystography 257 Corneal ulceration 368 Discharge of patients 49 Chondroitin 66 Corticosteroids 58 Disinfectants 78–9 Chronic heart failure 152–3 COSHH 5, 6, 7 Dispensary 79 Chronic pulmonary failure 149 Coughing 148 Distemper 143, 146 Chronic renal failure 62, 160–1 Coupage 196 Distichiasis 368 Chronic rhinitis 350 COX see Cyclooxygenase Distributive shock 118 Ciclosporin 64 CPCR see Cardiopulmonary–cerebral Diuretics 58, 60 Cimetidine 61 resuscitation Dobutamine 304 Circle circuit 274, 280, 281 CPR see Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Dogs Circulating nurse 333 Crash alarms 106 airway intubation/extubation 287–8 Circulatory system diseases 149–54 Crash trolley 106 anaesthetic combinations 287 (see also specific diseases) Creatinine, abnormalities 216 bathing 183 Clean wounds 375 Credit card payments 50 behaviour problems 15–16 Clean–contaminated wounds 375 Cryptorchidism 363 blood Cleaning 33 Crystalloids 132, 133, 305 cells 215 agents 78–9 Crystalluria 219 sampling 209 in consultation rooms 80 CSF see Cerebrospinal fluid body language 89 floors 78 CT scanning 266 body temperature 86, 112, 141 instruments 323 Ctenocephalides 224 BUN 129 laboratory equipment 208 canis 40, 174 capillary refill time 112 in operating theatre 316–17 felis 40, 174, 225 castration 364–5 in preparation area 81 Cushing’s disease see catheters 192 radiographic equipment 264, 265 Hyperadrenocorticism creatinine 129 in recovery area 81 Cyanosis 112 drug administration 94 surfaces 78 Cyclooxygenase inhibitors 65, 295, 296 dystocia 124 Cleft lip 349 Cyclopentolate 64 electrolytes 132 Cleft palate 350, 351 Cycloplegics 64 exercise 23 Client advice Cyromazine 57 handling 92 on bandages/casts/splints 396–7 Cystitis 62, 161–2 infectious diseases 143, 145 on elderly patients 179–80 Cystocentesis 216, 217–18 injection 94 Cystography 255–6 on feeding pets 16–21 lice 41 Cytotoxic drugs 55, 74 on infection control 31–3 mating 25 on neonatal care 29–30 mites 41 on neutering 30–1 mucous membrane colour 112 Dachryocystorhinography 257 on obese patients 21–3 muzzles 92 Darrow’s solution, fluid therapy 132 neutering 31 on overseas travel 35–7 Data Protection Act 1998 3 oestrous cycle on parasites 37–3 Dead space gas, definition 272 oral medicine administration 94 on pet behaviour 14–16 Debit card payments 50 on pet reproduction 23–9 Decongestants 61 PCV 128 principles of communication 10–13 Decubitus ulcers 181, 347 pulse rate 87, 112, 116, 141 on selecting a pet 13–14 Defecation 90 reproduction 23, 24, 25 on vaccination 33–5 abnormalities 91 respiratory rate 88, 112 , 141 Client records, confidentiality 2–3 in neonates 91 restraining aids 92 Clindamycin 54, 55 Defibrillation 110 signs of pain 294 Clinical examination 142 Degloving injury 374, 383 urethrography 256 Clipping, preoperative 328 Dehydration 118, 128, 327 urinary catheterization 194 Closed gloving 333 Delmadinone acetate 63 urine output 90 Clostridium piliforme 202 Demeanour 88–9 vaccination 59 Cnemidocoptes pili 225 Demodex 223, 225, 226 venepuncture 93–4 Colitis 156 aurati 41 water intake 90 Collagen dressings 385 canis 41, 174, 224 (see also Bitch, Puppies) Collimation of X-rays 233, 241–2 cati 41, 174, 224 Doppler blood flow detectors 308 Colloids 131–2, 305 criceti 41, 225 Dosemeters 230–1, 263–4 Colostrum 33 Dental disease 354–5 Doxapram 61, 124, 304 Coma 118 in rabbits 201 Doxycycline 54 Communication skills in small mammals 202 Drains body language 12 Dental hygiene in geriatric patients 180 active 335, 336, 382 dealing with aggressive clients 13 Dental instruments 323–4 management 383 dealing with difficult clients 13 Depression in recumbent patients 182 passive 335 meeting and greeting 10–11 Dermanyssus gallinae 225 Drapes 321, 329–31 telephone calls 12–13 Desflurane 290 Dressings 382, 384–6 Compressed air machines 323 Desmopressin 62 Drugs Compton effect 235 Dexamethasone 66, 106, 304 absorption 66 Computed tomography (CT) 266 Dextrose, fluid therapy 132 administration Confidentiality 2–3, 11 Diabetes insipidus 62, 167–8 oral 67–8, 94 Congestive heart failure 152 Diabetes mellitus 62, 164–7 parenteral 68–9, 94 Consent forms 44, 48 Diaminopyrimidines 54 antiepileptics 58 Constipation 91, 157, 181 Diaphragmatic rupture 116 anti-inflammatory agents 57–6 Consultation rooms 79 Diarrhoea 91, 155–6 antimicrobial agents 54–5 cleaning 80 Diathermy 317 antineoplastic agents 55 health and safety 8 Diazepam 58, 106, 119, 284, 311 antiparasitic agents 55–7 Contact dermatitis 176 combinations 284, 287, 307, 313 for cardiovascular disease 59–60 Contaminated wounds 375 Diet see Feeding/diet categories 53, 70–2 Contrast media 254 Diff-Quik staining 213 containers for dispensing 75

401 Index

Drugs continued hypothermia 121 Faecal smears 220 controlled 71–2, 73 monitoring 115–16, 125–6 Faecal soiling 183 disposal 75 neonates 123–4 Falculifer rostratis 41 distribution 66, 67 nutritional supplementation 124–5 Fasting, preoperative 326 diuretics 58 obstetric 124 Fat (dietary), deficiency/excess 19 dose calculations 69–70 ophthalmic 122 Febantel 56 for ear disease 65 oxygen supplementation 107, Feeding/diet for emergencies 107 113–15 assisted 124 for endocrine disease 62–3 planning for 105–7 of birds 204 excretion 66, 67 poisoning 122–3 enteral 184, 185–9 for eye disease 63–4 primary survey 109 of neonates 123 formulations 67 pyrexia 120 parenteral 184, 189 for gastrointestinal disease 61 respiratory distress 112–13 of rabbits 204 handling and safety 74–5 secondary survey of reptiles 204 importing 72 abdominal 120 diet types 16, 18 inhalation 68 body temperature 120–1 elderly patients 178 labelling 74 cardiovascular 116–18 energy requirements legislation 71–5 neurological 118–20 exotic pets 18–19 metabolism 66, 67 respiratory 112–16 for life stages 16, 17, 89–90 for musculoskeletal disease 65–6 seizures 119 of neonates 30 prescription shock 117–18 nutrient deficiencies/excesses 19–21 abbreviations 73 spinal 119–20 in obesity 22 cascade 72 surgical considerations 327 of recumbent patients 182 requirements 72–3 treatment area 105–6 for working dogs 90, 17 for reproductive system 63 triage 107–8 Felicola subrostratus 41, 174 for respiratory disease 60–1 wounds 121 Feline calicivirus 59, 144, 146, 227 for skin disease 64–5 Emetics 61 Feline herpesvirus 59, 227 stock control 73 Emodepside 56 Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) storage 73–4 Enalapril 60 144, 227 for urological disease 61–2 Enamel hypoplasia 146 Feline infectious anaemia 144 (see also Vaccines and specific Encephalitozoonosis 55, 56, 201 Feline infectious enteritis see Feline agents) Endocrine system panleucopenia Dyschezia 91 disorders 164–70 Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) 144, Dysecdysis in reptiles 203 (see also specific diseases) 227 Dysphagia 154, 183 drugs acting on 62–3 Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) 59, 144, Dyspnoea 88, 112, 113, 116, 299 Endoparasites 227 Dystocia 27–8, 124 of birds 202 Feline lower urinary tract disease client advice 37 (FLUTD) 162, 362 (see also specific parasites) Feline panleucopenia 59, 144, 227 Endoscopy 266 Ear mites 41 Femur, radiographic positioning 243 Endotracheal intubation see Airway (see also specific organisms) Fenbendazole 56 intubation Ears Fentanyl 294 Enemas 189–91 bandaging 387, 388 patches 295 preoperative 328 (see also Hypnorm) diseases 369 Enilconazole 55 Ferrets drugs acting on 65 Enrofloxacin 54 analgesics 306 examination 142 Entropion 368 Echinococcus granulosus 39, 40, 56, 147 Eosinophil 215 body temperature 141 Echinococcus multilocularis 36 Epidural analgesia 292 castration 365 Eclampsia 20 Epidural injection 68 ectoparasites 225 Ectoparasites 224–6 Epilepsy 162–3 feeding advice 17 client advice 40–2 Epulis 354 neutering 31 (see also specific parasites) Erythromycin 54 pulse 141 Ectoparasiticides 42–3, 56–7 Estradiol benzoate 63 reproductive parameters 24 Ectropion 368 Estriol 62 respiratory rate 141 Effleurage 197 Etamiphylline 61 Filaroides 352 Egg binding in birds 202 Ethylene oxide 318 Fine needle aspiration 222, 348 Eggs, helminths 220 EU Pet Passport 35–6 Fipronil 57 Ehmer sling 391–2, 393 Euthanasia 43–8 First aid (human), equipment 7 Ehrlichia canis 37, 143 Exercise 23 Fistulas 347 Elbow in elderly patients 178 Fits see Seizures disease 344 runs 82 Fleas 40, 224, 225 Dysplasia Scheme 26, 254 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) ectoparasiticides 42, 56–7 radiographic positioning 246 159–60 (see also specific organisms) Elderly patients Exotic pets see individual Fluanisone see Hypnorm feeding advice 17 groups/species Fludrocortisone 62 nursing care 176–9 Expectorants 60, 61 Fluid therapy and surgery 327 External fixation 341, 342 during anaesthesia 302 Electrical defibrillation 110 Eye Scheme 25–6 in emergencies 305 Electrocardiogram 302 Eyes assessing losses 128–30 Electrolytes, imbalance 132–3, 327 diseases 368 for blood loss 130–1 Electrotherapy 195 drugs acting on 63–4 calculating requirements 129–30 Elizabethan collar 339 emergencies 122 colloids 131–2 Emergencies examination 142 complications 139 in anaesthesia 304–5 crystalloids 132 burns 121–2 electrolytes 132–3 cardiopulmonary arrest 109–11 Facemasks (surgical) 331 equipment 107, 134–6 crash alarms 106 Fading puppy syndrome 30 indications 128 crash trolley 106 Faecal flotation 220 intraosseous 133, 134 defibrillation 110 Faecal incontinence 181 intraperitoneal 134 drugs 106, 110 Faecal samples intravenous 133–4, 136–8 equipment 107 collection 219–20 monitoring 138–9 fractures 122 containers 207 oral 130, 134 haemorrhage arrest 118 examination 220 rates 130 history taking 108 preservation 206 subcutaneous 134 hyperthermia 120–1 storage 220 after urinary tract surgery 363

402 Index

Flunixin 295 feeding advice 17 Humidification of oxygen 114–15 Fluoroscopy 239 lice 41 Humphrey ADE circuit Fly strike see Myiasis neutering 31 APL valve 279–80, 283 Food pulse 142 with soda lime 274, 279, 280, 282 hypersensitivity 176 radiographic positioning 253 without soda lime 273, 278–9 preparation area 82 reproductive parameters 24 Hydatid disease 147 Foot bandage 390, 391 respiratory rate 142 Hydralazine 60 for birds 394–5 Gutter splints 396 Hydration assessment 128–9 Foreign bodies Gyropus ovalis 41, 225 Hydrochlorothiazide 58, 62 aural 369 Hydrocolloid dressings 385 conjunctival 368 Hydrogel dressings 385 gastrointestinal 157–8, 356 Haematocrit see Packed cell volume Hydrotherapy 199–200 nasal 350, 351 Haematology see Blood Hygiene 33, 146 oesophageal 293, 355 Haematuria 218 (see also Cleaning) tracheal 352 Haemocytometer 214 Hyperadrenocorticism 62, 168–9 Fractures Haemodipsus ventricosus 41, 225 Hypercapnia 113, 299 casting 395–6, 397 Haemoglobin (Hb) 211 Hyperparathyroidism, nutritional classification 340 Haemolysis in blood samples 211 secondary 20 fixation 341–2 Haemoptysis 113 Hyperthermia 87, 120–1 mandibular 354 Haemorrhage in physiotherapy 195, 197 nursing care 342–3 arrest of 118 Hyperthyroidism 62, 170 spinal 119 arterial 121 Hypertonic saline, fluid therapy 132 splints 396 measurement 301 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 151 Fructosamine assays 165 postoperative 338 Hyperventilation 299 Fungal rhinitis 350 during surgery 334 Hypnorm (fentanyl/fluanisone) 284, 287 Furosemide 58, 60, 106 Haemothorax 113 combinations 307, 309 Fusidic acid 63 Hair, sampling 222–4 Hypoadrenocorticism 62, 169 Hairballs 356 Hypocapnia 113, 299 Halothane 290, 307 Hypostatic pneumonia 180–1 Gait 118 Hamsters Hypothermia 87, 121 Gastrectomy 356 analgesics 306 in physiotherapy 195, 197 Gastric dilatation/volvulus (GDV) 356, blood volume 306 in recumbent patients 182 358 body temperature 142 during surgery 334–5 Gastrointestinal tract ectoparasites 225 Hypothyroidism 62, 169–70 contrast radiography 254–5 feeding advice 17 Hypoventilation 299, 327 diseases 154–8, 356–7 pulse 142 Hypovitaminosis (see also specific diseases) reproductive parameters 24 in reptiles 203 drugs acting on 61 respiratory rate 142 in rodents 202 Gastroprotectants 61 Handling Hypovolaemic shock 117, 118 cats 92–3 postoperative 338 Gastrostomy tube feeding 124, 186, dogs 92 Hypoxia 113 187–8 and radiography 241 Hypromellose 64 Gelatins, fluid therapy 131 ‘Hanging limb’ 343, 345 Hysterosalpingography 257 Gelpi self-retaining retractors 322 Hartmann’s solution 132 Gentamicin 54, 63 Head Gerbils and ear, bandaging 387, 388 Ileus, postoperative 338 analgesics 306 and neck, examination 142 Imidacloprid 57 body temperature 142 Health and safety Imidapril 60 feeding advice 17 in anaesthesia 291 Immunity 33 pulse 142 in consulting room 8 Immunization see Vaccination reproductive parameters 24 drug handling 74 Incisional wounds 374, 383 respiratory rate 142 in kennels 8–9 Infection/infectious diseases Geriatrics see Elderly patients in the laboratory 205 carriers 32 Gestation length, exotic pets 24 in radiography 229–31 of cats 143, 145 Giemsa staining 213 in reception area 7 client advice 31–43, 147 Gillies needle holders 322 risk assessments 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 control 77, 146 Gingivitis 354 in theatre 9 antiseptics and disinfectants Giving sets 135 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 78–9 Glipizide 62 4 hygiene 33, 146 Gliricola porcelli 41, 225 Heart isolation/barrier nursing 33, 83–4 Globulin, abnormalities 215 disease 149–51 personal protective equipment Glomerulonephritis 160 treatment 60 (PPE) 83 Gloves (surgical) 332–3 (see also specific conditions) quarantine 33 Glucosamine 66 rate treatment 32–3 Glucose, abnormalities 216 abnormalities 299 (see also Cleaning, Sterilization) Glyceryl trinitrate 60 during anaesthesia 299 of dogs 143, 145 Glycopyrrolate 304 neonates 29 incubation period 77 Glycosaminoglycosan 62 (see also Pulse) transmission 31–2, 77 Gout in reptiles 203 rhythm 117 of wounds 375, 381 Gowns (surgical) 320, 321, 332 Heartworm 36 (see also specific diseases and Gram staining 226 Hemiplegia 118 organisms) Granulation tissue 380 Heparinized saline 136 Infectious canine hepatitis 143 Green-lipped mussel extract 66 Hepatic disease 158–9, 360 Infectious diseases see Infection/ Grid factor 239 Hepatozoonosis 37 infectious diseases Grief 47–8 Hernias 346 Inflammation 338, 376 Griseofulvin 55 hiatal 356 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 156 Grooming Higginson’s syringe 191 Infusion pump 135, 136 of elderly patients 179 Hip Injection facilities 82 disease 344 epidural 68 Growth, feeding advice 17 Dysplasia Scheme 26, 240, 254 intradermal 68 GSL see AVM-GSL radiographic positioning 243 intramuscular 68 Guinea pigs History taking 108, 141 intraperitoneal 68 analgesics 306 Hock see Tarsus intrathecal 68 body temperature 142 Howison oxygen failure alarm 271 intravenous 68 castration 365 Humerus, radiographic positioning restraint for 94 ectoparasites 225 245–6 subcutaneous 68

403 Index

Instrument trolley 317 urine specific gravity 218 Medetomidine 285 Instruments (surgical) 321–3 virus detection 227 combinations 284, 287, 307, 313 handling 334 waste disposal 205 drug mixing 309–10 Insulin 62, 166 Lacerations 374 Medicines see Drugs Insurance claims 52 Lack circuit 273, 277–8 Medroxyprogesterone acetate 63 Intermittent positive pressure Lactation 17, 90 Megacolon 357 ventilation (IPPV) 283 Lactulose 61 Megaoesophagus 355 Intestinal disease 356–7 Larynx, surgical conditions 350 Megestrol acetate 63 Intradermal injection 68 Laxatives 61 Melatonin 64 Intramedullary pin 341, 342 Legislation Meloxicam 65, 295, 311 Intramuscular injection 68 on drugs 70–5 Mentation 118 Intranasal drug administration on procedures that VNs may carry Metabolic bone disease 171–2 Intraosseous fluid therapy 133, 134 out 3–4 in reptiles 203 Intraperitoneal on radiography 229 Metacarpus/phalanges, radiographic fluid therapy 134 Leishmania infantum 37 positioning 245 injection 68 Leishman’s staining 213 Metaphyseal osteopathy 171 Intrathecal injection 68 Leptospirosis 59, 143, 147 Metatarsus/phalanges, radiographic Intravenous Levothyroxine 62 positioning 244–5 fluid therapy 133, 136–8 Lice 224, 225 Methadone 294 injection 68 client advice 41 combinations 284 Intubation see Airway intubation (see also specific organisms) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Intussusception 357 Lidocaine aureus (MRSA) 334 Iodine as antiarrhythmic 60, 106, 110, 304 Methimazole 62 contrast media 254 as local anaesthetic 292 Methoxyflurane 290 dietary, deficiency/excess 20 in small mammals 307 Methylprednisolone 64 Iodine/iodophors, antiseptics 79 Lincomycin 54 Methyltestosterone 63 Ipecacuanha 61 Lincosamides 54 Metoclopramide 61 IPPV (intermittent positive pressure Linognathus setosus 41, 174, 224 Metronidazole 54, 55, 61 ventilation) 283 Liothyronine 62 Metzenbaum scissors 321 Iron (dietary), deficiency/excess 20 Lipaemia in blood samples 211 Mexiletine 60 Isoflurane 290, 307, 313 Lipoxygenase inhibitors 65, 296 Mice Isolation nursing/unit 33, 83–4 Lister bandage scissors 397 analgesics 306 Itraconazole 55 Listrophorus gibbus 225 body temperature 142 Ixodes 225 Liver, biopsy 361 ectoparasites 225 canisuga 174 (see also Hepatic) feeding advice 17 hexagonus 174 Lizards lice 41 ricinus 174 anaesthetics 311 pulse 142 feeding advice 17 reproductive parameters 24 Local anaesthesia 292 respiratory rate 142 Jackson Rees modified T-piece circuit ‘Local rules’ for radiography 230 Miconazole 55 275–6 Loperamide 61 Microchipping 36 Jaundice 158 Lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) Microhaematocrit centrifuge 208, 211 Jejunostomy tube feeding 124, 186, 148 Microscopes 208 188 Lower urinary tract disease 161–2 Microsporum 147 Joint surgery 343–5 LOX see Lipoxygenase canis 174, 222 Jugular venepuncture 93, 210 Lucilia sericata 42 Midazolam, combinations 307, 313 Luer mounts 135 Milbemycin 56 Lufenuron 56 Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) Kennel cough 59, 143 Lung disease 352 289 Kennels 81–2 Luxation 119, 343, 344 Minute volume 272 health and safety 8–9 Lyme disease 143 Miotics 64 Ketamine 286, 287, 299 Lymphangiography 257 Misconduct 2 combinations 307, 313 Lymphocyte 215 Misoprostol 61 drug mixing 309–10 Mites 224, 225, 226 Ketoacidosis 166 client advice 41 Ketoconazole 55 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) (see also specific organisms) Ketoprofen 65, 295 289 Mitotane 62 Kirschner wires 341, 342 Macrolides 54 Mitral dysplasia 150–1 Kitchen 82 Maggots, wound debridement 386 Morphine 294 Kittening box 26 Magill circuit 273, 276–7 combinations 284 Kittens Magnesium (dietary), deficiency/excess Mouth, examination 142 feeding advice 17 20 (see also Oral) hand-rearing 29–30 Magnesium sulphate 61 Moxidectin 56, 57 socialization 14 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI 266 vaccination 34 266 MRSA (methicillin-resistant weaning 30 Maintenance energy requirement Staphylococcus aureus) 334 (see also Neonates) (MER) 189 Mucolytics 60, 61 Malassezia 223, 224 Mucous membranes Malocclusion abnormalities 88 Laboratory in rabbits 201 during anaesthesia 300 equipment 206–7, 208 in rodents 202 colour chart 117 health and safety 205 Mammary disease 367 examination 88, 142 samples Mandibulectomy 354 normal 112 bacterial 226–7 Mannitol 58, 106 Musculoskeletal system biopsy 227 Marbofloxacin 54 diseases 170–3 blood 209–15 Maropitant 61 (see also specific diseases) body fluids 221, 222 mAs 115, 233, 234 drugs acting on 65–6 faeces 219–20 Massage 197–8 emergencies 122 preservation 206 Maternal behaviour 29 Muzzles 92 skin/hair 222–6 Mating behaviour 25 Mycoplasma haemofelis 45, 144, 213 submission 207 Mayo needle holders 322 Mycoptes musculinus 41 for toxicology 228 Mayo scissors 321 Mydriatics 64 urine 216–19 MCHC (mean cell haemoglobin Myelography 256–7 tests concentration) 211 Myiasis 42, 57, 201, 224, 225 biochemical 215–6 MCV (mean cell volume) 211 Myobia musculi 41, 225

404 Index

Myopathy 173 Open wound management 380–3 Percussion 196 Myositis 173 Operating theatre Perianal region, examination 142 Myxomatosis 59, 200 cleaning 316–17 Perineal rupture 359 design 315–16 Periodontitis 354 Naloxone 304 health and safety 9 Perioperative care see Surgical nursing Nasal cannulation 114, 115 preparation 317 Permethrin 57 Nasal discharge 146, 147, 148 Ophionyssus natricis 41, 225 Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) 151 Naso-oesophageal tube feeding 124, Ophthalmic surgery, instrument kit 322 Personal protective equipment 185–7 Opioid analgesics 293, 294–5, 306 for isolation unit 83 Neomycin 54, 64 Oral disease 354 for radiography 231, 265 Neonates Oral rehydration 130, 134 Pet Travel Scheme 35 abnormalities 30 Orchitis 363 Pethidine 294, 311 characteristics 29 Orem’s self-care model 99 combinations 284 defecation 29 Ornithonyssus sylvarium 225 Petrissage 197 feeding 30, 89–90, 123 Ornithosis 202 Phalanges, radiographic positioning 247 hand-rearing 29–30 Orogastric tube feeding 186 Pharmacodynamics 53 maternal care 29 Orthopaedic surgery, instrument kit Pharmacokinetics 53 nursing care 123, 366 322 Pharmacology 53 resuscitation 124 Orthopnoea 113 Pharmacy 53 suckling 29 Osteoma 172 Pharyngostomy tube feeding 186, 187 TPR data 141 Osteomyelitis 134, 172 Phenobarbital 58 (see also Kittens, Puppies) Osteosarcoma 172 Phenoxybenzamine 62 Neoplasia see Tumours Otitis externa 65, 369 Phenylbutazone 295 Neotrombicula autumnalis 174 Otodectes 224, 226 Phenylephrine 64 Nephrotic syndrome 160, 161 cynotis 41,174, 225 Phenylpropanolamine 62 Neuroleptanalgesia 285 Ovariohysterectomy 365–6 Phenytoin 58 Neurological disorders 162–4 instrument kit 322 Phosphate, abnormalities 216 (see also specific diseases) Ovulation, queen 24 Phosphorus (dietary), deficiency/excess Neurological evaluation 118 Oxalate calculi 161 20 Neuromuscular blocking agents 293 Oxygen Photoelectric effect 235 Neutering, advice to clients 30–1 in anaesthesia 269–71, 291 Physical examination 142 Neutrophils 215 consumption, definition 272 Physiotherapy NFA-VPS drug classification 70, 71 humidifier 115 orthopaedic 197–9 Niacin, deficiency/excess 21 monitoring 115–16 respiratory 196 Nitenpyram 56 prongs 114 Pica 16 Nitroimidazoles 54 supplementation 113–15 Pilocarpine 64 Nitroscanate 56 toxicity 115 Pimobendan 60 Nitrous oxide, in anaesthesia 269–71, Oxyglobin 132 Piperazine 56 283, 291 Oxytetracycline 54 Plasma preparation 210 Oxytocin 63 Platelet 215 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Plegia 118 (NSAIDs) 58, 293, 295–6, 306 Pleural space disease 116 Nose Packed cell volume (PCV) 211, 212 Pneumocystography 255–6 diseases 350 and fluid loss 129 Pneumothorax 113 examination 142 normal values 128–9 Pododermatitis in rodents 202 foreign body 351 Pain 294 Poisoning 122–3 Nose-to-mouth breathing 111 Palate conditions 350 Poliglecaprone 25 324 Notoedres 41 Palpebral reflex 300 Polyamide suture 325 cati 174, 224 Pancreatitis 159 Polybutester suture 325 muris 225 Pancuronium 293 Polydioxanone 324 NSAIDs see Non-steroidal anti- Papaveretum 294 Polyglactin 910 324 inflammatory drugs combinations 284 Polyglycolic acid 324 Nurse clinics Paracentesis 221 Polypropylene suture 325 puppy parties 14–15 Paracetamol 295 POM-V drug classification 70, 71 weight clinics 21–2 toxicity in cats 58 POM-VPS drug classification 70, 71 Nursing models Parainfluenza virus, vaccination 59 Portal venography 257 medical 98 Parallel Lack circuit 273, 277–8 Portosystemic shunts 360 Orem 99 Paralysis 118, 164 Posting samples 207 Roper, Logan and Tierney 99–101 Paraplegia 118 Postoperative care see Surgical nursing Nursing process Parasites see Ectoparasites, Posture 89 assessment 96–7 Endoparasites and specific Potassium care plans 98, 101–4 organisms abnormalities 132, 216 characteristics 96 Parathormone 171 dietary, deficiency/excess 20 evaluation of care 97–8 Parenteral nutrition 124 normal values 132 implementation of care 97 Paresis 118, 164 Potassium bromide 58 nursing ‘diagnosis’ 97 Parturition Povidone–iodine 328 Nutraceuticals 57, 59, 66 emergencies 124 Praziquantel 56 Nutrients, Nutrition see Feeding/diet problems 27–9 Precordial thump 110 Nutritional secondary stages 26–7 Prednisolone 58, 61, 62, 64, 66 hyperparathyroidism 20 Passalurus ambiguus, treatment 56 Pregnancy 26 Passive exercise 198–9 feeding advice 17 Pasteurellosis 201 nutrition 90 Obesity Patella Premedication 284, 285 client advice 21–3 luxation 344 for birds 313 clinics 21–2 radiographic positioning 244 for reptiles 310, 311 in elderly dogs Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 150 for small mammals 306 Obstructive shock 117, 118 Payments 50–2 Preoperative care see Surgical nursing Oesophageal disease 293, 355 PCV 211, 212 Preparation area 80, 315–16 Oesophageal stethoscope 302, 314 Pedal reflex 300 cleaning 81 Oesophagostomy tube feeding 124 Pelvis health and safety 9 Oesophogram 255 examination 142 Prescribing cascade 72 Oestrous cycle radiographic positioning 242–3 Prescriptions bitch 23 Penicillins 54 abbreviations 73 queen 23–4 Penile amputation 364 legal requirements 72–3 Omeprazole 61 Penrose drains 335 Pressure dressing 382 Ondensatron 61 Pentobarbital 286 Pressure sores see Decubitus ulcers

405 Index

Primidone 58 pulse rate 87, 112, 141 Reptiles Professional responsibilities radiographic positioning 253 anaesthesia 310–12 confidentiality 2–3 reproductive parameters 24 assisted feeding 204 health and safety 4–9 respiratory rate 88, 112, 141 diseases 203 image/conduct 2 signs of pain 294 ectoparasites 225 legislation 3–4 urine SG 129 fluid therapy 134 personal performance 1–2 vaccination 59 radiographic positioning 253 teamwork 2 Rabies 36, 59, 145, 147 Respiratory physiotherapy 196 Progesterone 63 Radfordia affinis 41, 225 Respiratory rate Prokinetics 61 Radiation Protection Advisor 230 abnormalities 88, 299 Prolapse Radiation Protection Supervisor 230 during anaesthesia 298–9 eyeball 368 Radiography definition 272 rectal 359 automatic processors 259–60, 265 measurement 88 vaginal 365 cassette holders 239 monitor 303 Proliferative ileitis 201 centring 241 neonates 29 Proligestone 63 collimation 233, 241–2 normal values 88, 112, 141–2 Promethazine 64 contrast techniques 254–7 Respiratory system Propantheline 62 digital 239 disease 147–9, 349–54 Propofol 58, 286, 307, 311 dosemeters 230–1, 263–4 (see also specific diseases) Proptosis 122 in emergencies 116 drugs acting on 60–1 Prostate disease 364 exposure charts 239–40 emergencies 112–16 Protein (dietary), deficiency/excess 19 faults 260–3 Resting energy requirement (RER) 125, Proxymetacaine 64, 292 film 236–7, 264 188 Pseudoephedrine 61 film focal distance 235, 236 Restraint Psittacine beak and feather disease fluoroscopy 239 for bandaging 387 (PFBD) 202 grids 238–9, 264 of cats 92–3 Psittacosis 202 health and safety 229–31 of dogs 92 Psoroptes cuniculi 225 image appraisal 260 for injection 94 Puberty 23, 24 intensifying screens 237, 264 for oral medication 94 Pulmonary osteopathy 172 labelling 253–4 for radiography 241 Pulmonary stenosis 150 light-beam diaphragm 233, 264 for venepuncture 93–4 Pulse patient positioning Resuscitation, of neonates 124 abnormalities 87, 300 exotic pets 253 (see also Cardiopulmonary during anaesthesia 299–300 forelimb 245–7 resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary– deficits 117 pelvis and hindlimb 242–5 cerebral resuscitation) measurement 87 skull 247–9 Rhinitis 350 normal values 87, 112, 141–2 soft tissues 252–3 Rickets 171–2 oximetry 115–16, 303 spine 250–1 Ringer’s solution, fluid therapy 132 quality 117 patient preparation 240 Ringworm 147, 175 Puncture wounds 374, 383 positioning aids 240–1 Risk assessments 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Puppies processing 258–60 Ritchie whistle 271 fading 30 protective clothing 231, 265 Robert Jones bandage 388–90 feeding advice 17 restraint 241 Rodents hand-rearing 29–30 silver trap 265–6 diseases 201–2 socialization 14–15 terminology 232, 242 radiographic positioning 253 vaccination 34 X-ray machine 232–6, 265 signs of pain 294 weaning 30 X-ray room 231–2 (see also individual species) (see also Neonates) Radius/ulna, radiographic positioning Roper, Logan and Tierney Model Puppy parties 14–15 246 99–101 Pyoderma 175–6 Ramipril 60 Rotameters 271 Pyometra 365 Ranitidine 61 Roundworms, client advice 37–9 Pyrantel 56 Rats (see also specific organisms) Pyrexia 87, 120 analgesics 306 Ruptures 346 Pyriproxifen 57 body temperature 142 diaphragmatic 116 Pyuria 218 ectoparasites 225 perineal 359 feeding advice 17 lice 41 Quadriplegia 118 pulse 142 Saline, fluid therapy 132 Quarantine 33 reproductive parameters 24 Salmonellosis Queens, oestrous cycle/ovulation 23–4 respiratory rate 142 in dogs and cats 145 Quinolones 54 RBC (red blood cell count) 211 in reptiles 203 Reception area 11 as zoonosis 147 health and safety 7 Samples see Laboratory Rabbits Record keeping Sante’s rule 240 anaesthetic combinations 287 euthanasia 45 Sarcoptes scabiei 41, 147, 174, 224, 226 analgesics 306 fluid therapy 138 ‘Schedule 3’ procedures 4 assisted feeding 204 hospitalization 91 Scintigraphy 266 blood sampling 209 laboratory samples 207 Scrotal haematoma 363, 364 body temperature 86, 112, 141 vaccination 34 Scrub nurse 333–4 BUN 129 Recovery area 81 Scrub suits 331 capillary refill time 112 Rectal temperature 86–7 Scrubbing up 332 castration 365 Recumbent patients, nursing care Second intention healing 379, 380 creatinine 129 119–20, 180–2 Secondary nutritional diseases 200–1 Reflexes during anaesthesia 300 hyperparathyroidism 171 ectoparasites 225 Register 1 Sedatives 284, 285 feeding advice 17 Regurgitation 155 Seizures 119, 162–3 fluid therapy 134 in birds 203 Selamectin 56, 57 intubation 308 in reptiles 203 Septicaemia 327 lice 41 Renal disease 160–1 Serum preparation 210 marginal ear vein injection 111, 310 Reproduction 23–7 Sevoflurane 290, 307, 313 mites 41 problems 27–9 Shock 117–18 mucous membranes 112 Reproductive system Shoulder neutering 31 diseases 363, 364, 365 disease 345 PCV 128, 129 drugs acting on 63 radiographic positioning 245

406 Index

Sialography 257 intraoperative problems 334–5 fluid therapy 136, 137 Sinus, discharging 347 nursing care foot bandage 391 Skin for abscesses 346–7 for birds 394–5 contamination with toxins 123 for anorectal/perineal surgery Giemsa stain 213 diseases 173–6 359–60 gowning 332 (see also specific diseases) for dental surgery 355 Gram stain 226 drugs acting on 64–5 for ear surgery 369–70 handling cats 92–3, 94 parasites 173–4, 224–6 for fistula/discharging sinus 347 handling dogs 92, 93–4 sampling 222–4 fractures 342–3 intravenous catheterization 137 surgical closure 336–7 for gastrointestinal surgery intubating a rabbit 308 surgical preparation 328–9, 343, 355–8 IPPV 283 345, 351, 353, 357, 359, 361, 362, for hernias/ruptures 346 jugular venepuncture 93 364, 366, 367, 368, 369 for joint surgery 343–5 Leishman’s stain 213 Skull, radiographic positioning 247–9 for liver/spleen surgery 360–1 marginal ear vein injection (rabbit) Slings 391–3 for lower respiratory tract surgery 310 ‘Slobbers’ 202 352–3 mopping the floor 3 Snakes for mammary gland surgery 367 naso-oesophageal tube placement anaesthetics 311 for neoplasia 349 187 feeding advice 17 for oesophageal surgery 355 oral medicine administration 94 Socialization of puppies/kittens 14–15 for ophthalmic surgery 368–9 packing a gown for sterilization 320 Soda lime in anaesthetic circuits 279, for reproductive tract surgery paracentesis 221 280–1, 283 363–6 physiotherapy Soiled patients, nursing care 182–3 for ulcers 347 passive exercise 198 Spay see Ovariohysterectomy for upper respiratory tract respiratory 196 Special Import Certificate (SIC) 72 surgery 350–2 placement of nasal cannula 115 Special Treatment Certificate (STC) 72 for urinary tract surgery 361–3 replacing soda lime 280–1 Specula 193 operating environment 316–17 Robert Jones bandage 390 Spencer Wells artery forceps 321 passing instruments 334 scrubbing up 332 Spigot 195 patient positioning 329 setting up a microscope 208 Spillopsyllus cuniculi 40, 225 patient preparation 328–9 setting up an anaesthetic machine Spine preoperative considerations 326–7 270 radiographic positioning 250–1 scrub nurse 333–4 skin sampling 222–3, 224, 226 trauma patients, nursing care scrubbing up 322 suture removal 340 119–20 skin closure 336–7 syringe feeding 185 Spironolactone 58, 60 Sutures tail bandage 393 Splenectomy 361 materials 324–5 taking a blood sample 209 Splenic disease 360 needles 325, 326 taking a pulse 87 Splints 396 patterns 336, 337 taking a rectal temperature 86–7 Squamous cell carcinoma 369 removal 339–40 thoracic bandaging 389 Staining procedures Suxamethonium 293 thoracocentesis 116, 221 Diff-Quik 213 Sympathy cards 45 urinary catheterization 194 Giemsa 213 Syncope 163 urine sampling 217–18 Gram 226 Syringe urine sediment examination 218 Leishman’s 213 drivers 135, 136 urine specific gravity measurement Standing orders 51 feeding 185 218 Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin- using a microscope 208 resistant (MRSA) 334 Velpeau sling 392 Stapler 361 Tachycardia 117, 299 WBC count 214 Staples (surgical) 325, 336, 380 Tachypnoea 88, 112, 299 wing bandaging 394 Starches, fluid therapy 131 Taenia 39, 56, 220 Telephone calls 12–13 Stenotic nares 349, 351 multiceps 39 triage 108 Sterilization 318–20 ovis 39 Temperature of inpatient environment Stertor 88 pisiformis 39 1–2 Stifle taeniaeformis 39 (see also Body temperature) disease 344–5 Tail bandaging 392, 393 Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiographic positioning 243 Tapeworms, client advice 39–40 luxation 344 Stock control 84–5 (see also specific organisms) radiographic positioning 249 Stomatitis in reptiles 203 Tarsus Tenesmus 91 Stress and wound healing 373 luxation 344 Tension pneumothorax 113 Stridor 88 radiographic positioning 245 Tepoxalin 65, 295 Struvite Taurine, deficiency/excess 20 Testicular disease 363 calculi 161 Tear replacement preparations 64 Tetracaine 64 crystals 219 Techniques Tetracyclines 54 Subcutaneous fluid therapy 134 abdominal bandaging 389 Tetralogy of Fallot 151 Subcutaneous injection 68 arthrocentesis 221 Thermometer storage 87 Sucralfate 61 blood smear Thermovents 301 Sulfadiazine 54 examination 214 Thiamine, deficiency/excess 20 Sulfasalazine 54, 61 preparation 212, 213 in reptiles 203 Sulphonamides 54 cast application 396 Thiopental 286 Surgical nursing cephalic venepuncture 93–4 Thoracocentesis 116, 221 asepsis 317–18 changing a pin index cylinder 270 Thorax circulating nurse 333 closed gloving 333 bandaging 387–8, 389 clothing 331–3 CPCR 110 examination 142 equipment CSF sampling 221 radiographic positioning 252 drains 335–6 cystocentesis 217–18 Thyroxine, abnormalities 216 drapes 321 Diff-Quik stain 213 Tibia/fibula radiographic positioning instrument trolley 317 draping 330 244 instruments 321–3 ear and head bandage 388 Ticks 225 preparation 317 Ehmer sling 393 client advice 40–1 staples 325 enema administration 191 (see also specific organisms) sterilization 318–20 faecal flotation 220 Tidal volume, definition 272 suture materials 324–5 faecal sampling 219, 220 Tiletamine 286 suture needles 325–6 faecal smear 220 Timolol maleate 64 tissue glue 325 fine needle aspiration 222 Tissue, sample preservation 206

407 Index

TIVA (total intravenous anaesthesia) Ulcers 347 Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2005 288 corneal 368 70 To-and-fro circuit 274, 280, 281–2 decubitus 181, 347 Veterinary Poisons Information Service Tolfenamic acid 295 gastric 356 (VPIS) 123 Tomcats, puberty 24 oral 354 Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 Tongue, ulceration 146 tongue 146 (Schedule 3 Amendment) Order Topical drugs/preparations 64, 69, 292 Ultrasonography 266 2002 3–4 Tortoises Uncinaria stenocephala 39, 56, 220 Vetrabutine 63 anaesthetics/analgesics 311 Unconsciousness 163–4 Viral haemorrhagic disease 59, 200 feeding advice 17 Upper respiratory tract disease 148, Virology 227 Total protein (TP), abnormalities 215 349–52 Vitamins, deficiency/excess 20–1 Toxascaris leonina 220 Urate calculi 161 Vomiting 155, 183 Toxicology, samples 228 Ureteronephrectomy 362 Toxocara 56, 147 Urethrography 256 canis 37–8, 220 Uric acid crystals 219 Warm air blankets 301 cati 37–8, 220 Urinalysis 218 Waste Toxoids 59 Urinary bladder, contrast radiography classification 82–3 Toxoplasmosis 55, 145 255–6 disposal T-piece circuit 273 Urinary calculi 161 of drugs 75 IPPV 283 Urinary catheterization 191–5, 216, 217 laboratory waste 205 Jackson Rees modified 275–6 postoperative care 363 Water intake 90, 127 Tracheal conditions 352 preoperative 328 in elderly patients 178 Tracheostomy 116 Urinary incontinence 62, 162, 181, 362 in recumbent patients 182 Transport media 207 Urinary retention 62, 181 WBC (white blood cell count) 214 Trauma Urinary system Weaning kidney 362 contrast radiography 255–6 exotic pets 24 liver/spleen 360 diseases 362 kittens 30 respiratory tract 349 drugs acting on 61–2 puppies 30 tracheal 352 obstruction 361–2 Weight see Bodyweight ureteral 362 Urination 90 ‘Wet tail’ 201 Travel in neonates 91 Whipworm see Trichuris vulpis pet passports 35–6 in recumbent patients 183 Wing bandaging 394 risk of disease 36–7 Urine Wood’s lamp 222 Treves rat-tooth dissecting forceps 321 casts 219 Wounds Triage 107–8 collection bags 195 assessment 373 Trichodectes canis 41, 174, 224 crystals 219 bandaging see Bandages/bandaging Trichophyton 147, 174 output 90 closure 379–80 Trichuris vulpis 39, 56, 220 and fluid losses 129 (see also Surgical nursing) Trilostane 62 in shock 118 contamination 375 Trimethoprim 54 samples debridement 381 Trixacarus caviae 41, 225 analysis 218 dressings 384–6 Tropicamide 64 collection 216–18 as emergencies 121 Tryptophan, deficiency/excess 21 containers 207 fluid balance 376 Tube feeding 185–9 examination 218–19 management 382–3 Tumours 347–9 preservation 206, 216, 218 healing 372, 374, 380 aural 369 scalding 181, 183 complications 384 biopsy 348 specific gravity 218 infection 375 bladder 362 and fluid losses 129 prevention 381–2 bone 172 normal values 129 inflammation 376 eyelid 368 Urography 255 lavage 381 gastric 356 Urolithiasis 161, 362 mapping 376–9 hepatic 360 Urticaria 176 oxygenation 376 intestinal 356 Uterine inertia 28, 124 patient assessment 371, 372–3 laryngeal 349, 350 patient interference 338–9, 397 lung 352, 353 tissue viability 376 mammary 367 Vaccination 34–5, 36 treatment plans 376–9 nasal 350 Vaccines 33–4, 58–9 types 374–5, 383 oral 354 Vagina, contrast radiography 256 ovarian 365 Value added tax (VAT) 51 perineal 359 Vaporizers 271, 282–3 X-ray machines 232–9 prostatic 364 Vapour, definition 289 Xylazine 61, 285, 287 rectal 359 Vasectomy 31 combinations 307 renal 362 VAT 51 splenic 360 Vecuronium 293 testicular 363 Velpeau sling 391, 392 Zimmer splint 396 vaginal 365 Venepuncture 93–4 Zinc (dietary), deficiency/excess 20 Tylosin 54 Ventricular septal defects 150 Zolazepam 286 Tyzzer’s disease 202 Vernier scale 208 Zoonoses 56, 143, 144, 145, 147, 174, Veterinary Medicines Directorate 70 175, 202, 203

408