San Diego Smart Parking System: Concept of Operations
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CALIFORNIA PARTNERS FOR ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY San Diego Smart Parking System: Concept of Operations François Dion, PhD, Senior Development Engineer Krute Singa, Research Data Analyst Manju Kumar, Research and Development Engineer California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-CWP-2011-5 The California Partners for Advanced Transportation TecHnologies work with researchers, practitioners, and industry to implement transportation research and innovation, including products and services that improve the efficiency, safety, and security of the transportation system. CALIFORNIA PARTNERS FOR ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY San Diego Smart Parking System: Concept of Operations François Dion, PhD, Senior Development Engineer Krute Singa, Research Data Analyst Manju Kumar, Research and Development Engineer California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-CWP-2011-5 This work was performed by the California Center for Innovative Transportation, a research group at the University of California, Berkeley, in cooperation with the State of California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency’s Department of Transportation, and the United States Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. December 09, 2011 San Diego Smart Parking System August 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 2. San Diego Smart Parking Project History ....................................................................................... 2 2.1. Initial Project Scope................................................................................................................ 2 2.2. Re-Scoped Project .................................................................................................................. 3 3. Background .................................................................................................................................. 5 3.1. Current Practice in Transit Park-and-ride .............................................................................. 5 3.2. Characterization of Transit Park-and-ride Customers ........................................................... 6 3.3. Advanced Parking Management Options .............................................................................. 7 3.4. Parking Payment Options ....................................................................................................... 8 3.5. Parking Pricing Schemes ........................................................................................................ 9 3.6. Examples of Advanced Parking Management Systems in the United States ........................ 9 3.6.1. Bay Area Smart Parking Field Test ....................................................................... 10 3.6.2. Baltimore Washington International (BWI) Airport Smart Park System ............. 10 3.6.3. Chicago RTA/METRA Parking Management Guidance System ............................ 11 3.6.4. Montgomery County Advanced Parking Information System ............................. 12 4. Case for Smart Parking System ................................................................................................... 13 5. Concept of Proposed System ...................................................................................................... 15 5.1. Core Concept ........................................................................................................................ 15 5.2. Key Underlying Concepts ..................................................................................................... 16 5.3. System Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................... 16 5.4. Potential System Benefits .................................................................................................... 17 5.5. Functional Strategies ............................................................................................................ 20 5.6. Support Environment ........................................................................................................... 20 5.7. Assumptions ......................................................................................................................... 21 5.8. Constraints ........................................................................................................................... 21 5.9. Relation with Regional Smart Growth Concept ................................................................... 22 6. Stakeholder Needs ..................................................................................................................... 24 6.1. System Stakeholders ............................................................................................................ 24 6.1.1. Travelers .............................................................................................................. 24 6.1.2. Transit Providers .................................................................................................. 25 6.1.3. Governmental Agencies ....................................................................................... 25 6.1.4. Private Companies ............................................................................................... 27 6.1.5. Interest Groups .................................................................................................... 27 i San Diego Smart Parking System 6.2. Categories of Users .............................................................................................................. 28 6.3. User Needs ........................................................................................................................... 28 6.4. Function-Specific Needs ....................................................................................................... 31 6.4.1. Monitoring of Parking Lot Utilization .................................................................. 31 6.4.2. Information Dissemination .................................................................................. 32 6.4.3. Parking Pricing ..................................................................................................... 32 6.4.4. Reservation System ............................................................................................. 34 6.4.5. Enforcement ........................................................................................................ 34 6.4.6. Reporting ............................................................................................................. 35 6.4.7. Integration with Regional ITS Architecture .......................................................... 35 7. System Overview ........................................................................................................................ 37 7.1. Core Interactions Between Users and System ..................................................................... 37 7.2. Operational Considerations ................................................................................................. 41 7.3. Main System Functions ........................................................................................................ 42 7.4. Physical System Elements .................................................................................................... 44 7.4.1. Parking Lots .......................................................................................................... 45 7.4.2. Entrance/Exit Control System .............................................................................. 45 7.4.3. Parking Lot Monitoring System ........................................................................... 46 7.4.4. Information/Guidance System............................................................................. 47 7.4.5. Parking Validation / Fee Collection System ......................................................... 48 7.4.6. Enforcement System ............................................................................................ 49 7.4.7. Supporting Computer and Communication Infrastructure ................................. 50 7.5. Supporting Technologies ...................................................................................................... 51 7.5.1. Vehicle Sensors .................................................................................................... 51 7.5.2. Dynamic Signs ...................................................................................................... 54 7.5.3. Electronic Identification Technologies ................................................................. 55 7.5.4.