Hogere Opleidingen in De Popmuziek Vandaag in Vlaanderen: De Nood Aan Zakelijke Vorming

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Hogere Opleidingen in De Popmuziek Vandaag in Vlaanderen: De Nood Aan Zakelijke Vorming FACULTEIT VOOR PSYCHOLOGIE EN EDUCATIEWETENSCHAPPEN Richting: Agogische Wetenschappen Hogere opleidingen in de popmuziek vandaag in Vlaanderen: de nood aan zakelijke vorming Eindwerk voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad van Master in de Agogische Wetenschappen door Vogelaers Kathleen Academiejaar 2010-2011 Promotor: Prof. Dr. K. Segers Aantal woorden: 36.147 VOORAF SAMENVATTING VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL EINDVERHANDELING FACULTEIT VOOR PSYCHOLOGIE EN EDUCATIEWETENSCHAPPEN acad.jaar 2010/2011 Naam: Vogelaers Kathleen Richting: Agogische Wetenschappen Titel verhandeling & promotor: Hogere opleidingen in de popmuziek vandaag in Vlaanderen: de nood aan zakelijke vorming Prof. Dr. K. Segers Samenvatting: (max. 300 woorden) Vlaanderen kent een bloeiende muziekscène. Net als de andere creatieve sectoren in Vlaanderen, trekt de muziekindustrie steeds meer mensen aan. We problematiseren het overaanbod van popmuzikanten die werk zoeken. De professionele popmuzikant moet opvallen in de menigte, waarbij muzikaal talent niet meer voldoende blijkt te zijn. Deze masterproef focust zich op het belang van zakelijk ondernemerschap voor professionele muzikanten en welke bijdrage de hogere muziekopleidingen hebben in dit verhaal. Er worden 2 groepen bevraagd in het onderzoek. Een eerste bevraging van professionele muzikanten, (oud-)studenten aan één van de hogere muziekopleiding, schetst een uitgebreid beeld van de risicovolle factoren in hun beroepspraktijk, van hun visie op zakelijk ondernemerschap en hoe zij de rol van hun hogere muziekopleiding hierbij hebben ervaren. In een tweede bevraging worden deze eerste reflecties afgetoetst bij opleidingsafgevaardigden van de zes betrokken hogere muziekopleidingen. We stellen bij de hogere opleidingen een bewustwording vast over het toenemend belang van zakelijk ondernemerschap. Toch blijkt zakelijke vorming bij de meeste opleidingen nog in een startfase te zitten en wordt zakelijk ondernemerschap als bijkomstig beschouwd. Er heerst een zekere onwetendheid over hoe zakelijke vorming functioneel te implementeren in de opleiding. In de discussie wordt er stilgestaan bij suggesties rond de implementatie van zakelijke vorming. Deze masterproef gelooft in de cruciale rol die hogere muziekopleidingen spelen in het doorgroeiproces van beginnende muzikanten. Het is wenselijk dat de hogere muziekopleidingen hun verantwoordelijkheid opnemen door hun studenten te wijzen op het toenemend belang van zakelijk ondernemerschap en hun hierin bij te staan. BEKNOPTE INHOUD VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL EINDVERHANDELING FACULTEIT VOOR PSYCHOLOGIE EN EDUCATIEWETENSCHAPPEN acad.jaar 2010/2011 Naam: Vogelaers Kathleen Richting: Agogische Wetenschappen Titel verhandeling & promotor: Hogere opleidingen in de popmuziek vandaag in Vlaanderen: de nood aan zakelijke vorming Prof. Dr. K. Segers Beknopte inhoud: (max. 10 regels) Het overaanbod van muzikanten en de risicovolle beroepspraktijk wordt geproblematiseerd. Deze masterproef behandelt het belang van zakelijk ondernemerschap voor professionele muzikanten en welke bijdrage de hogere muziekopleidingen hebben in dit verhaal. Er werd toegespitst op professionele muzikanten in de lichte muziek. We interviewden professionele muzikanten (N=12) en opleidingsafgevaardigden (N=6) over de beroepspraktijk van de muzikant, zakelijke competenties en de betekenis van de hogere muziekopleiding. Er blijkt een nood te zijn aan zakelijke vorming en het bewustzijn hierrond neemt toe. Toch blijkt het niet gemakkelijk te zijn zakelijke vorming te implementeren. Gebaseerd op het verzamelde materiaal worden praktische en beleidsaanbevelingen geformuleerd voor een betere afstemming tussen het hoger muziekonderwijs en de nood aan zakelijke vorming. DANKWOORD Een masterproef maak je niet alleen. Er zijn dan ook mensen die ik hier uitdrukkelijk wil bedanken voor hun betrokkenheid en steun tijdens dit proces. Tijs Vastesaeger wil ik erg bedanken voor de vele babbels in het begin van mijn zoekproces en me zo met zijn advies op het juiste spoor te zetten. Bedankt, Jan Pauly, voor de voortdurende constructieve feedback en inhoudelijke input. Bedankt voor de tijd die je steeds vrijmaakte, je geduld en je motiverend enthousiasme. Poppunt als organisatie wil ik feliciteren met haar 10 jaar bestaan en mooie verwezenlijkingen ter ondersteuning van onze muzikanten. Ik wil alle muzikanten enorm bedanken die me te woord hebben gestaan voor mijn onderzoek. Ik vond de gesprekken steeds aangenaam en zeer boeiend. Bedankt daarvoor. Bedankt, Els Smedts, Eric Van Leuven, Maarten Weyler, Peter Hertmans, Laurens Leurs en Ondine Quackelbeen voor jullie vlotte en oprechte medewerking. Tom De Mette, mijn begeleider op de Vrije Universiteit Brussel, wil ik bedanken voor zijn feedback en advies op cruciale momenten in het proces. Ook mijn promotor Prof. Dr. Katia Segers wil ik hier bedanken voor haar geloof in het onderwerp en me steeds bij te staan met inhoudelijk advies. Mijn vrienden verdienen ook een dankjewel. Merci voor de luisterende oren en de vele verbeterhanden, maar vooral voor de toffe momenten zoals altijd. Tot slot wil ik mijn ouders ook bedanken voor de emotionele en -niet te vergeten- logistieke ondersteuning. Bedankt, mama en papa. INHOUD DEEL 1: THEORETISCH LUIK ............................................................................................. 1 1. Probleemstelling .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Situatieschets .............................................................................................................. 3 2.1. Velen geroepen, weinigen uitverkoren. ................................................................. 3 2.2. Realiteit van de (pop)muzikant. ........................................................................... 5 2.2.1. Risicovolle industrie .............................................................................. 5 2.2.2. Verschuiving van het risico naar de artiest .............................................. 6 2.3. Muzieklandschap in Vlaanderen .......................................................................... 12 2.4. Rol van het onderwijs ........................................................................................ 13 2.5. Besluit bij situatieschets .................................................................................... 15 3. Conceptenafbakening .................................................................................................. 16 3.1. Pop ................................................................................................................. 16 3.1.1. Genre pop: moeilijk te definiëren .......................................................... 16 3.1.2. Wat is een popmuzikant ....................................................................... 17 3.2. Ondernemerscompetenties bij muzikanten ........................................................... 18 3.3. Educatie .......................................................................................................... 20 3.3.2. Popeducatie in Vlaanderen ................................................................... 20 3.3.3. Hoger muziekonderwijs in Vlaanderen ................................................... 21 3.3.4. Decretale bepalingen ........................................................................... 23 3.3.5. Overzicht zakelijkheid in het huidig curriculum ........................................ 24 DEEL 2: EMPIRISCH LUIK ............................................................................................... 27 4. Onderzoeksvragen ...................................................................................................... 27 5. Methode ..................................................................................................................... 28 5.1. Onderzoeksopzet .............................................................................................. 28 5.2. Onderzoekseenheden ........................................................................................ 30 5.3. Registratie, verwerking en preparatie gegevens .................................................... 32 5.4. Analyseprocedure ............................................................................................. 33 5.5. Betrouwbaarheid en geldigheid ........................................................................... 34 6. Resultaten .................................................................................................................. 35 6.1. Muzikanten ...................................................................................................... 35 6.1.1. Nood aan ondernemerschap ................................................................. 35 6.1.2. Zakelijk ondernemerschap ................................................................... 39 6.1.2.1. Algemene definitie en overkoepelende ondernemerattitudes ....... 39 6.1.2.2. Financiële competenties ......................................................... 41 6.1.2.3. Sociale competenties ............................................................. 43 6.1.2.4. Praktische competenties ......................................................... 44 6.1.2.5. Juridische competenties ......................................................... 45 6.1.3. Rol van het hoger onderwijs ................................................................. 48 6.1.3.1. Taak van de hogere opleiding ................................................. 48 6.1.3.2. Belang
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