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B2e4caf789edf362cc8cc636738 Fisheries Sanctuary Planning In Practice: Lesson Learnt……in North Kalimantan Province (Prasetyo, A. P., et al) Available online at: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ifrj e-mail:[email protected] INDONESIANFISHERIESRESEARCHJOURNAL Volume 24 Nomor 1 June 2018 p-ISSN: 0853-8980 e-ISSN: 2502-6569 Accreditation Number RISTEKDIKTI: 21/E/KPT/2018 FISHERIES SANCTUARY PLANNING IN PRACTICE: LESSON LEARNT FROM ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE Andhika Prima Prasetyo*1, Asep Priatna2, Agus Setiyawan1, Rodo Lasniroha3, Fadli Yahya2, Dian Oktaviani1, Duto Nugroho1, Rudy Masuswo Purwoko1, Nurmayanti4, Ersant Dirgantara4, Hendri Antoro5 and Dahlan Burikki 6 1Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Balitbang KP 2 Building 3rd floor, Pasir Putih II st., Pademangan, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia 2Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Raya Bogor Km 47st., Nanggewer Mekar, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 3Institute for Coastal and Marine Resource Management Denpasar–Technical Unit in Kupang, Yos Sudarso st., Alak, Kupang East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 4Food, Agriculture and Fisheries District Office of Tarakan City, Gadis 2 Building 2nd floor, Jend Sudirman st. no. 76, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, Indonesia 5Climatology Station of Bogor, Tambakan st., Situ Gede, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 6Fisher community elder in Tarakan City, Juata Laut, Tarakan Utara, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, Indonesia Received; November 16-2017 Received in revised from May 22-2018; Accepted May 31-2018 ABSTRACT Governor Decree of North Kalimantan No. 26 in 2014 concerning Management of Bombay Duck in the North Kalimantan Province Waters was established in order to address over-exploitation of bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) population. Fisheries sanctuary is the feasible solution that was agreed by comprehensive stakeholder discussion. This research aims to extract and elaborate our experiences on establishing fisheries sanctuary in the Bangkudulis waters which focus on science communication and in the fisheries sanctuary planning. The acoustic and larva survey conducted to support the consensus and to proof the traditional ecological knowledge of the communities. The results showed that the proposed conservation area of the Bangkudulis waters has significant ecological function to ensure the sustainability of bombay duck population. The distribution and abundance of larva and juveniles were found higher in that area. The approach and challenges to deal with ecological and socio-economic aspects as well as recommendations were discussed in this paper. Keywords: EAFM; MPA; fisheries sanctuary; community engagement; science communication; Tarakan; North Kalimantan Province INTRODUCTION regulation instructed to establish Fisheries Sanctuary in the Bangkudulis waters (9,730 ha) to ensure the In 2014, Governor of North Kalimantan issued sustainability of fisheries. Moreover, North Kalimantan Governor Decree No. 26 concerning the management Province established in 2012 is the youngest province of bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822); in Indonesia (Constitution No. 20 in 2012 concerning Harpadontinae; Synodontidae) fisheries in the North the establishment of North Kalimantan Province), Kalimantan Province’s waters. It was also followed therefore a proper management should be supported by Mayor Decree of Tarakan City No. 24 concerning intensively. the management of bombay duck fisheries in the Tarakan City’s waters. Those regulations were the The regulation recognized that bombay duck outcome of the initiation of Ecosystem Approach to (locally called as “nomei” or “pepija”) is important Fisheries Management (EAFM) in 2012-2014 resource generating economic benefits to the local (Prasetyo et al., 2014). The consensus agreed on community (Laga et al., 2015). The official record was the priorityof fisheries is to improve the living conditions limited to explore the significant benefit of Bombay of small-scale fishermen and fish farmers by duck to local community due lack of resources of establishing spatial closure of the area that suspected local government. However, rapid assessment as nursery ground (Prasetyo et al., 2014). The conducted during three years research found that more ___________________ correspondence author: e-mail: [email protected] 31 Copyright © 2018, Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ) Ind.Fish.Res.J. Vol. 24 No. 1 June 2018: 31-38 than 5,000 people relied on this resource from fishers, (Christie, 2004; Crawford et al., 2006; Elliott et al., fisher’s wife (processing), middleman, boat maker and 2001). It also required regulation as an umbrella of trader in North Tarakan Sub-district (RCFMC, 2014). implementation (Mous et al., 2005). This resource has been exploited historically by This research is aimed to extract and elaborate trawl fisheries in the certain period (two separate our experiences on establishing fisheries sanctuary periods in a month about 7-10 days per period). The in the Bangkudulis waters which focus on science exploitation rate of the resources has been exceeded communication and in the fisheries sanctuary planning. the sustainable level by 0.80/year (Laga, 2015). The It consists of (1) to gather the best available information selection of the proposed sanctuary was agreed (empirical and anecdotal sources) and (2) elaborate the through intensive community engagement by setup information and proofed by scientific approach. serial focus group discussion (Prasetyo et al., 2014) and an extensive survey (acoustic and larvae survey) MATERIALS AND METHODS to support and proofed an anecdotal information. Time and Location Oktaviani et al. (2016) stated the importance of acknowledging and enriching an anecdotal information Exploratory survey was conducted in two periods (emic or traditional knowledge) with an empirical (May 2012 and May 2014) in the Bangkudulis and knowledge (etic) to preserve our valuable knowledge. Juata Laut waters (3° 27’ 2.78" N 117° 23’ 12.55" E); northwest of Tarakan island (Figure 1). Those two In coastal marine systems,( Marine Protected period of survey collected similar parameter and Areas (MPAs) are being used as an approach to complimentary of each cruise for comprehensive conserve biodiversity or maintain sustainable fisheries analysis (an average value) by assuming similar (Fogarty & Botsford, 2007; Wood et al., 2008). The characteristic, resources and fishing pressure. Those optimal design may differ on the MPAs that were locations were selected through an extensive created for biodiversity conservation and fishery discussion with representative key stakeholders management (Botsford et al., 2009; Halpern, 2003), (Prasetyo et al., 2014). This initial information was but they have a common – ensuring the persistence an anecdotal information that stated Bangkudulis of populations. Moreover, in designing MPA the waters were the nursery ground of bombay duck connectivity is both crucial and questionable (Halpern (Figure 2 and Figure 3). Those sampling areas mostly et al., 2006), therefore further study need to be consist of muddy substrate and surrounded by conducted to address it. Ecological and socio- mangrove and nipa forest. This area mainly affected economic aspect is one of major challeges to establish by fresh water supply from upstream, especially during the MPA, especially in the developing countries rainy season (September to January). Figure 1. Location of research; track of acoustic acquisition. Figure 2. Theobject of research;Bombayduck (Harpadon nehereus), locally called Nomei or Pepija. 32 Copyright © 2018, Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ) Fisheries Sanctuary Planning In Practice: Lesson Learnt……in North Kalimantan Province (Prasetyo, A. P., et al) Figure 3. The trawlers (a) and size comparison between dried product of nomei in Bangkudulis waters (yellow dashed line) and Juata Laut waters (red dashed line) (b) (Courtesy of Dahlan 2014). Data Collection of fish size. SIMRAD EY-60 used for acoustic data acquisition that equipped by GPT and transducer ES A bottom trawl and a hydro-acoustic were used to 120-7C which have frequency by 120 KHz that has collect information on selected track (Figure 4) and been setup to specific value (Table 1). then divided into 7 zones to examine the distribution Figure 4. Location of research; zone for simplifying the analysis. Table 1. Parameter of EY-60 during survey Parameter Value Frequency 120 KHz Pulse Duration 0.512 ms Power transmit 50 watts Sound speed 1,545 m/s Absorption Coef. 38.52 dB/m SV threshold -70 dB TS threshold -100 dB Moreover, larvae samples were collected by using Data Analysis plankton-net (mesh size 200 ìm) equipped by flowmeter (to estimate filtered volume). The net setup Acoustic analysis was conducted about 5 m above on the stern side of vessel was towed for 5 minutes (2 seabed by setup back step 0.25 m to minimize echo replication). Samples were preserved using 10% of integration from seabed (vonSzalay et al., 2007). It formaldehyde. also considered the research target demersal fishes, 33 Copyright © 2018, Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ) Ind.Fish.Res.J. Vol. 24 No. 1 June 2018: 31-38 especially Bombay duck. The Elementary Sampling in the Juata Laut waters (about 3.99 km from fisher Distance Unit (ESDU) was 0.1 nm. The relationship settlement in Juata Laut, North Tarakan sub-district) between target strength (TS) and óbs (backscattering and set about 3-5 hauling and made
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