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African Mammals (Tracks)

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L Gi'. M MM S C A POCKET NATURALISru GUIDE HOOFED MAMMALS Dik-Dik Madoqua spp . To 17 in. (43 cm) H Small antelope has a long, flexible snout. .,9-10 in. Common Hippopotamus Klipspringer Hippopotamus amphibius Oreatragus oreotroqus To 5 ft. (1.5 m) H To 2 ft. (60 cm) H Has dark 'tear stains' at the corner of the eyes. Downward-pointing hooves give the impression it walks on 'tiptoe'. Found in rocky habitats. White Black Steenbok Raphieerus eampestris 1 in. White Rhinoceros To 2 ft. (60 cm) H Large ears are striped inside. Ceratotherium simum Muzzle has a dark stripe. To 6 ft. (l.B m) H 9-10 in. t Has a square upper lip. The similar black rhinoceros has a , pointed, prehensile upper lip. t . eWhite '~'rBlack . Common Duiker " . Sylvieapra grimmia ". To 28 in. (70 cm) t1 t Has a prominent black 1 in. 'a: stripe on its snout. Inhabits woodlands Hyena lion and shrubby areas. t Forefoot , e+ Oribi 24-28 in. Ourebia ourebi African Elephant To 2 ft. (60 em) H Note short tail and black 1.5 in. Loxodonto africana Hind foot spot below ears. Inhabits To 14 ft. (4.2 m) H grassland savannas. Hind print is oval-shaped. t This guide provides simplified field reference to familiar animal tracks. It is important to note that tracks change depending on their age, the surface Hippopotamus they are made on, and the animal's gait (e.g., toes are often splayed when Springbok running). Track illustrations are ordered by size in each section and are not Antidorcas marsupialis To 30 in. (75 cm) H illustrated to scale. 2 in. Note white belly and Most animal illustrations show the adult male in breeding coloration. dark flank stripe. Lyre- Colors and markings may be duller or absent during different seasons. shaped horns have Animal measurements usually denote approximate length (head and body prominent ridges. length). Some measurements indicate the shoulder height of species (H). Waterford Press produces reference guides that introduce novices to travel, languages, science and nature. Product information and hundreds of free Warthog educational games are featured on the website: Phaeochoerus africanus www.waterfordpress.com To 30 in. (75 cm) H Long canine tusks are key t Elephant Giraffe field marks. Holds tail 2 in. ByJamesKavanagh aloft when running. Illustratedby RaymondLeung Text and illustrationscopyright ISBN-l0 1-58355-037-2 S5.95 II Bushpig t Cl 2000 by Waterford Press,Ine. Potamoehoerus larvatus All rights reserved. To 3 ft. (90 cm) H To order, call 800-434-2555. A hairy version of a For permissions, or to share comments, 11111IIllilll 1 :n~liIINOO~~I~ domestic pig, it inhabits e-mail: [email protected]. dense forested areas and t For information on custom-published reed beds. Tail is held 2 in. products,call 800-434-2555 or down when running. The e-rnail [email protected]. : 1111~~~~~II~~lnIJIIII~1.1111111illll similar forest bush pig has a reddish coat. t Printedin China 073501 10 9 8 7 6 5 ..• 3 2 1 HOOFED MAMMALS HOOlED MAMMALS HOOFED MAMMALS Common Waterbuck Zebra Bushbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus Equus burchellii Tragelaphus scriptus To 52 in. (1.3 m) H To 56 in. (1.4 m) H To 32 in. (80 em) H t 3-3.5 in. Has a distinctive white One of several species 4 in. Note white throat and 1.5-2.5 in. ring around its tail. Found of African zebra. Most white spots on flanks. The along rivers, marshes and ~~ species can be be most widely distributed in dry floodplains. distinguished by the spiral-horned antelope. ~a size and pattern 0 of their stripes. Impala Topi Aepyceros melampus (Tsessebe) Gemsbok To 40 in. (1 m) H Damaliscus lunatus (Oryx) Note black banding on tail To 50 in. (1.25 m) H Oryx gazella ~ ~ L>-'_""_ 4-5 in. and rump. Widespread Coat has a purplish sheen. ~'VH5;' To 4 ft. (1.2 m) H throughout the savanna. Note dark patches on Both sexes have long, upper legs and face. straight horns and t black facial patches. ,~ Grant's Gazelle Kudu Gazella granti t Tragelaphus spp. Roan Antelope To 3 ft. (90 cm) H 1.5-2.5 in. To 56 in. (1.4 m) H 3-4 in. Hippotragus equinus Prominent white rump patch Tall, narrow-bodied To 56 in. (1.4 m) H is bordered in black. antelope with 6-10 Told by black mask, Common in East Africa. vertical side stripes. t white muzzle and Males have long, ~,t ,~ curving, deeply spiralling horns. ridged horns. ~""l"" Thomson's Gazelle Lichtenstein's Gazella thomsonii t Hartebeest T042in.(1.1 m)H 1.5-2.5 in. Alcelaphus lichtensteinii Common Eland Note bold black stripe on To 4 ft. (1.2 m) H 3-4 in. Tragelaphus oryx flank and face. Common Coat is tan and lacks black To 6 ft. (1.8 m) H on EastAfrican plains. t markings. Prefers woodland Large, thick-bodied A edges to open grasslands. antelope has prominent shoulder hump. It,,,I,," 4' Is independent of water and found in a Red Hartebeest variety of habitats. Nyala Alcelaphus buselaphus Tragelaphus angasii To 4 ft. (1.2 m) H To 42 in. (1.1 m)H Red-brown in color. Note 4-4.75 in. Male has a white chevron 2-2.5 in. dark marks on upper legs. between its eyes, side Found in open grasslands African Buffalo stripes and a shaggy belly. and savanna regions. Syncerus coffer Note yellow 'socks'. To 56 in. (1.4 m) H ~, ~, Large cattle-like animal has Blue Wildebeest prominent _t,+," recurved horns. (Brindled Gnu) Common Reedbuck Connochaetes taurinus Redunco arundinum To 5 ft. (1.5 m) H To 3 ft. (90 cm) H Cow-like animal has dumpy 4-4.75 in. Forward-curving horns 2.5 in. horns. The similar black are partially ridged. wildebeest has horns that Found in reed beds curve upward and forward. ~~ near open water. t Giraffe Giraffa comelopardalis ~, To 18 ft. (5.4 m) H The tallest mammal in the Sable Antelope world, it can reach leaves 6 m (20 ft.) high. Both Red lechwe Hippotragus niger 7.5-8 in. To 52 in. (1.3 m) H males and females have Kobus leche Coat is brown to black. short horns with rounded To 40 in. (1 m) H Note horns and white 3.5-4 in. tips. Coat patterns vary t Short forelegs cause body to belly. Lives in open among subspecies. slant forward. Always found woodlands near water. near water, it feeds on grass ~~;J5L ~~ t and aquatic plants. " TRACKS WITH CLAWS TRACKS WITH CLAWS TRACKS WITHOUT CLAWS Large-spotted African Hedgehog Black-backed Jackal Genet , Genetta tigrina Atelerix albiventris Canis mesomelas • To 7 in. (18 cm) To 16 in. (40 cm) H To 22 in. (55 cm) .75 in. 1 in. Has coat of stiff spines. Cat-like animal is .", Black 'saddle' is key field 2 in. Rolls into a ball mark. The similar golden •••• solely nocturnal. The similar small-spotted II when threatened. jackal found in northern t Africa lacks a dark saddle. genet has a white- t ~ tipped tail. Tree Squirrel •• ' African Wildcat Paraxerus cepopi •.. African Wild Dog To 8 in. (20 cm) • t Felis libyca • (Cape Hunting Dog) , Common on the savanna. 1 in. To 14 in. (35 cm) H Lives in holes in trees. One Lycaon ptaus Resembles a gray 1-1.5 in. To 30 in. (75 cm) H ' ' ," of 10 similar species. 2.75-3 in. domestic cat with , Blotched coat and . t .. long legs. Note dark white tail are key field rings on legs and tail. t marks. Lives and hunts ' t -. Striped Polecat in packs of up to •. 40 individuals. (Zorilla) Serval ~ Idonyx striatus Felis serval " To 15 in. (38 cm) To 2 ft. (60 cm) H Note long legs and "0 Black and white 1 in. Southern African ." large ears. Primarily markings and bushy tail ,~",L," Crested Porcupine are unmistakable. When , nocturnal, it feeds on Hystrix africaeaustralis .ii. small animals and threatened, it sprays . ~ 2.75-3.5 in. •••• To 30 in. (75 cm) invertebrates. aggressors with a vile scent. Large rodent has long coat of barbed quills that it rattles when threatened. •• t Cape Clawless Otter Slender Mongoose •• Aonyx copensis , Herpestes sanguineus Honey Badger To 3 ft. (90 cm) To 12 in. (30 cm) .1· Aquatic mammal is • 2 in . Tail is black-tipped. 1 in. (Ratel) • ' found near water. One of 24 species Mellivora capensis . .- Webbing between of African mongoose. ~ To 30 in. (75 cm) t Varied diet includes bee 3.25 in. toes may be visible . in soft mud. hives and dung beetle ",•. '.- Suricate balls (from which it 1/1 extracts larvae). Is aggres- t (Meerkat) ,. sive and has been known Suricata suricatta to attack humans. Caracal To 12 in. (30 cm) •••• Felis caracal Burrowing creature lives To 18 in. (45 cm) H 1 in. Striped Hyena in large colonies in open Told at a glance by its 2-2.5 in. arid areas. They often Hyaena hyaena large, tasseled ears. •••• stand or sit upright. To 32 in. (80 cm) H Feeds on small to Note shaggy coat and mid-sized mammals •• prominent mane. '". and birds. Bat-eared Fox Common throughout northern Africa. W'T Otocyon megalotis ,. • To 12 in. (30 cm) H Leopard Told by huge ears and 1.5 in. bushy, black-tipped tail. L" . Panthera pardus Feeds mainly on insects. Spotted Hyena To 2 ft. (60 cm) H The similar north African ~ Crocuta crocuta Thick-set cat is told t fennec fox is smaller and To 32 in.
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  • Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola

    Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola

    Chapter 15 The Mammals of Angola Pedro Beja, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Luís Veríssimo, Elena Bersacola, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Ara Monadjem, Pedro Monterroso, Magdalena S. Svensson, and Peter John Taylor Abstract Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide P. Beja (*) CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CEABN-InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Vaz Pinto Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] L. Veríssimo Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola e-mail: [email protected] E.