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Urban Nutrient Management Handbook I Table of Contents

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Urban Nutrient Management Handbook I Table of Contents URBAN NU TRIENT MANAGE M ENT HANDBOOK URBAN NU TRIENT MANAGE M ENT HANDBOOK Content Coordinators: Michael Goatley Jr., Professor, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech Kevin Hensler, Research Specialist Senior, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech Published by: Virginia Cooperative Extension Project funded by: Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Produced by: Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Director: Thea Glidden Copy Editor: Bobbi A. Hoffman Assistant Editor: Liz Guinn Layout: Christopher Cox This material is based upon work supported by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, under Agreement 50301-2009-01-SF. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. May 2011 Table of Contents Chapter 1. The Objectives of Turf and Landscape Nutrient Management Introduction. 1-1 What Is Nutrient Management? . 1-1 Improving Water Quality Through Turf and Landscape Nutrient Management. .1-4 Literature Cited. 1-4 Chapter 2. General Soil Science Principles Soil Formation and Soil Horizons. 2-1 Soil Physical Properties. 2-3 Soil Organic Matter . 2-6 Soil-Water Relationships. .2-7 Essential Elements for Plant Growth. 2-11 Soil Survey. 2-11 Literature Cited. .2-13 Chapter 3. Managing Urban Soils What Is an Urban Soil?. 3-1 Urban Soil Properties. 3-1 Types of Urban Soil Materials and Their Variability. .3-1 Common Soil Limitations in the Urban Environment . 3-2 Managing Urban Soils and Their Limitations. 3-5 Acid Sulfate Soil Conditions and Management. 3-7 Soil Conditions in Highway Rights-of-Way. .3-9 Manufactured Soils. 3-10 Modified Soils and Mulches. .3-11 Literature Cited. .3-12 Chapter 4. Basic Soil Fertility Plant Nutrition. 4-1 Soil pH, Nutrient Availability, and Liming. 4-3 Nitrogen. .4-6 Phosphorus. .4-8 Potassium. .4-10 Secondary Plant Nutrients . 4-11 Micronutrients. 4-12 Acknowledgement. 4-14 Urban Nutrient Management Handbook I Table of Contents Chapter 5. Soil Sampling and Nutrient Testing Introduction. 5-1 Soil Test Interpretation and Recommendations. 5-1 Soil Sampling. .5-2 Understanding Soil Test Reports . .5-5 Plant Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool. .5-7 Nutrient Monitoring. 5-7 Sampling Considerations . 5-8 Interpreting a Plant Analysis Result. .5-8 Literature Cited. 5-8 Chapter 6. Mid-Atlantic Turfgrasses and Their Management Introduction. 6-1 Primary Cool-Season Grasses of Importance. 6-1 Primary Warm-Season Grasses of Importance. .6-4 Native Turfgrasses and Specialty Use Applications . 6-5 Turfgrass Establishment . 6-7 Maintenance Fertility Programs. .6-14 Mowing. 6-18 Literature Cited. .6-19 Chapter 7. The Ornamental Landscape Introduction. 7-1 Site Assessment and Environmental Design. .7-1 Correct Plant Selection and Planting. 7-2 Determining the Need to Fertilize. 7-2 Soil Tests. .7-3 Factors Affecting Nutrient Uptake. 7-3 Fertilizers. 7-3 Specific Fertility Needs . 7-6 Fertilizer Calculations. .7-7 Fertilizer Selection. 7-7 Organic and Other Soil Amendments. 7-10 Nutrient Deficiencies. 7-10 Literature Cited. .7-11 Appendix 7-A. 7-13 Appendix 7-B. 7-15 II Urban Nutrient Management Handbook Table of Contents Chapter 8. Fertilizer and Lime Sources for Turf and Landscapes Introduction. 8-1 Defining Fertilizers. .8-1 Nitrogen Sources . 8-2 Phosphorus Fertilizer Sources and Fertility Guidelines . 8-7 Potassium Fertilizer Sources and Fertility Guidelines . 8-8 Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur Fertilizer Sources and Fertility Guidelines. 8-9 Micronutrient Fertility Sources and Fertility Guidelines. .8-10 Liming Materials and Chemical Composition. 8-10 Best Management Practices for Water Quality Protection. .8-12 Literature Cited. .8-13 Chapter 9. Organic and Inorganic Soil Amendments Introduction to Organic Amendments. .9-1 Sources of Organic Amendments. 9-1 Processes for Generating Organic Amendments. 9-1 Composition of Organic Amendments. 9-2 Factors That Affect Nutrient Availability. 9-6 Uses of Organic Amendments . 9-7 Organic Byproduct Summary With Regard to Water Quality . 9-13 Inorganic Materials for Amending Soils . 9-13 Inorganic Amendment Use Strategies. 9-14 Topdressing With Inorganic Amendments. .9-15 Literature Cited. .9-16 Chapter 10. Equipment Calibration and Fertilizer Application Methods Introduction. 10-1 Dry Fertilizer and Application Methods . 10-1 Broadcast (Rotary) Spreader Calibration. 10-4 Liquid Fertilizers and Sprayer Calibration. 10-7 Literature Cited. 10-10 Chapter 11. Soil-Water Budgets and Irrigation Sources and Timing Introduction. 11-1 The Hydrologic Cycle and Soil-Water Budgets. .11-1 Watering Basics for Turf and Landscape Plantings. .11-3 Water Reuse: Using Reclaimed Water for Irrigation . 11-4 Literature Cited. .11-7 Urban Nutrient Management Handbook III Table of Contents Chapter 12. Principles of Stormwater Management for Reducing Nutrients From Urban Landscaped Areas Introduction. 12-1 Introduction to Stormwater Management. 12-1 Managing Urban Stormwater. 12-8 Managing Stormwater on a Residential Lot. 12-9 Acknowledgements . 12-13 Literature Cited. 12-13 Appendix 12-A. 12-15 Appendix 12-B. 12-19 Chapter 13. Turf and Landscape Nutrient Management Planning Introduction. 13-1 Assessment of Planned Areas. 13-1 Initial Client Visit . 13-3 Components of a Nutrient Management Plan. ..
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