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FM 19-15. Domestic Disturbances

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FM 19-15. Domestic Disturbances MHI Copy 3 H i D WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL DOiESTIC DISTURBANCES #'" .EGRAmEDUNCLASSIFIED aY ^,%myo.A DOD DIR. 5200.1 R BY < <itsON_2Z&L3 WAR DEPARTMENT * JULY 1945 FM 19-15 C 1 FIELD MANUAL DOMESTIC DISTURBANCES CHANGEs | WAR DEPARTMENT No. 1 I WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 22 January 1946 FM 19-15, 30 July 1945, is changed as follows: 20. GENERAL. Domestic disturbances are * * * demon­ strations or rioting. These public demonstrations or riots may reach such proportions that civil authorities cannot maintain law and order by usual methods. Looting of areas ravaged by storms, fires, floods, or other catastrophes may become so pro­ nounced as to constitute a domestic disturbance. Public revul­ sion to * * * a civil disturbance. 33. SPECIFIC PLAN. a. Staff procedure will * * * of responsibility assigned. * * e * * e. General and special * * * the following duties: (3) The operations and training (G-3) section will probably work with the chief of staff in the recommendation of strategy, and the preparation of field and administrative orders. Close cooperation with * * * the tactical situation. · * * * * 48. THE SQUAD. a. Squad wedge (fig. 2). The command is: * * * the squad leader. Odd numbered men align themselves in sequence on the No. 2 man, 1 pace to the left and 1 pace to the rear of each preceding man. Even numbered men align themselves in sequence on the No. 2 man, 1 pace to the right and 1 pace to the rear of each preceding man. The squad leader * * * control the squad. [AG 300.7 (26 Jan46) AGO 2885D-Jan. 678053---46 BY ORDEB OF THE SECIfETARY OF WAR: OFFICIAL: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER EDWARD F. WITSELL Chief of Staff Major General Acting The Adjutant General DISTRIBUTION: AAF (10) ; AGF (10); ASF (2); T (2); Depts (2); Base Comds (2); Arm &Sv Bd (2) except 19 (15) ; Def Cornd (2) ; Tech Sv (2); SvC (10); ED (2); FC (1); BU (1) ;' Gen & Sp Sv Sch (5); except PMG Sch (300); USMA (20) ; ROTC (1) ; A (10) ; CHQ (10) ; D (2); R (2) ; SBn (5); C 2, 5-7, 17-19 (5), 3, 4, 9-11 (1); AF (2); G (5); S (5) ; Special distribution. Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula. 2 AGO 2885D U. .. 9VERNMENTPRIN-ING OFFICE: 1946 FM 19-15 C 1 FIELD MANUAL DOMESTIC DISTURBANCES CHANoGES WAR DEPARTMENT No. 1 J WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 22 January 1946 FM 19-15, 30 July 1945, is changed as follows: 20. GENERAL. Domestic disturbances are * * * demon­ strations or rioting. These public demonstrations or riots may reach such proportions that civil authorities cannot maintain law and order by usual methods. Looting of areas ravaged by storms, fires, floods, or other catastrophes may become so pro­ nounced as to constitute a domestic disturbance. Public revul­ sion to * * * a civil disturbance. 33. SPECIFIC PLAN. a. Staff procedure will ** * of responsibility assigned. e. General and special * * * the following duties: (3) The operations and training (G-3) section will probably work with the chief of staff in the recommendation of strategy, and the preparation of field and administrative orders. Close cooperation with * * * the tactical situation. 48. THE SQUAD. a. Squad wedge (fig. 2). The cominand is: * * * the squad leader. Odd numbered men align themselves in sequence on the No. 2 man, 1 pace to the left and 1 pace to the rear of each preceding man. Even numbered men align themselves in sequence on the No. 2 man, 1 pace to the right and 1 pace to the rear of each preceding man. The squad leader * * * control the squad. [AG 300.7 (26 Jan 46)] AGO 2885D-Jan. BY .-)DER OF THE SECRETAIY OF WARB: OFFICIAL: DWIGTIT D. EISENHOWER EDWARD F. WITSELL Chief of Staff Major Gecneral Acting The Adjutant (ieneral DTSTInBUTTON: AAF (10); AGF (10); ASF (2); T (2) ; Depts (2): Base Comds (2); Arm & Sv Bd (2) except 19 (15); Def Comd (2); Tech Sv (2); SvC (10); IID (2); FC (1); BU (1); Gen & Sp Sv Sch (5); ,except PMG Sch (300); USMA (20) ; ROrTC (1) ; A (10) ; CIIQ (10) ; D (2) ; UI(2) ; SIla (5); C 2, 5-7, 17-19 (5), 3, 4, 9-11 (1); AF (2); G (5); S (5) ; Special distribution. Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula. 2! AGO 2SS5D ': U. S. GOVERNMENTPRINTING OFFICE: 1949-0-860464 WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL FM 9-z15 This manual supersedes FM 27-15, 6 February 1941, including C 1, 16 fanuary 1942, and C 2, 28 January 1944. DOMESTIC DISTURBANCES WAR DEPARTMENT · JULY 1945 United States Government Printing Office Washington 1945 WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 30 July I945 FM 19-I5, Domestic Disturbances, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned. [AG 300.7 (14 May 45)] BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR: OFFICIAL: G. C. MARSHALL Chief of Stafi EDWARD F. WITSELL Major General Acting The Adjutant General DISTRIBUTION: AAF(Io); AGF(Io); ASF(2); T of Opns(2); Arm & Sv Bd(2) except I9(05); Def Comd(2); Tech Sv(2); SvC(IO); HD(2); FC(I); BU(I); Gen &Sp Sv Sch( 5) except PMG Sch(300); USMA(2o); ROTC­ (I); A(Io); CHQ(Io); D(2); R(2); S Bn(5); C 19 (5); AF(2); G(5); S(5 ); Special Distribution. Refer to FM 2i-6 for explanation of distribution formula. ii CONTENTS Paragraphs Page CHAPTER 1. MILITARY AID TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES. Section 1. General ...................... I- 2 I II. Authorized Use of Federal Troops 3 2 111. Procedures ............ 4 5 IV. Restrictions ................... 5- 7 5 V. Procedures and Policies During Intervention ............... 8 -sI 7 VI. Martial Law .................. 12-16 1o VII. Liability of Military Personnel under Civil Laws............. 17-I9 13 CHAPTER 2. DOMESTIC DISTURBANCES. 20-28 14 CHAPTER 3. STAFF PLANNING AND OPERATIONS. Section 1. General ...................... 29-38 I7 II. Movement of Troops ........... 39-42 28 CHAPTER 4. CONTROLLING DOMESTIC DISTURBANCES. Section I. Crowd and Mob Tactics ......... 43-54 31 NI. Offensive Action Against a City.. 55-61 52 111. Restoration of Order ............ 62-65 6o CHAPTER 5. USE OF CHEMICAL AGENTS. Section 1. Chemical Agents and Their Characteristics ................ 66-67 63 11. Tactical Employment of Chemical Agents ..................... 68-74 67 111 Thismanual supersedesFM27-15, 6 February 194i, including C z, 16 January 1942, and 0 2, 28 January 1944. CHAPTER 1 MILITARY AID TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES Section I. GENERAL 1. SCOPE OF MANUAL. This manual presents the principles for the employment of troops during domestic disturbances and the essential substance of the more impor­ tant laws relating to the employment of military forces in the aid of civil authorities with the applicable War Depart­ ment policies. The use of State troops, and the limitations and restrictions as to their authority to act in aid of civil authorities within the State, are governed by the laws of the State concerned as well as Federal laws. However, the gen­ eral principles and methods of employment of troops and materiel as stated in this manual apply equally to any armed force used in domestic disturbances. 2. BASIC POLICIES. a. The protection of life and property and the maintenance of law and order within the territorial jurisdiction of any State are the primary responsi­ bility of State and local authorities. It is a well-established policy of the War Department that intervention with Federal troops pursuant to the provisions of this manual and AR 500-50 will take place only after the State and local authori­ ties have utilized all of their own forces and are unable to control the situation, or when it is apparent that the situation is beyond their capabilities or that they will not take appro­ priate action. 1 b. Except in cases of imminent necessity falling within the provisions of paragraph 3e, intervention with Federal troops will not take place unless the War Department has generally or specifically so ordered. c. The normal channel between the field and War De­ partment on matters relating to intervention with Federal troops is through The Provost Marshal General, whose office will be open at all times for this purpose and who will be kept fully informed on all matters relating to such interven­ tion or the possibilities thereof. Section II. AUTHORIZED USE OF FEDERAL TROOPS 3. COMMON TYPES OF INTERVENTION. For a more complete reference to the various constitutional and statutory provisions authorizing intervention with Federal troops in cases of domestic 'violence, or for other specific purposes, see AR 500-50. The possibility of intervention under many of these provisions, however, is regarded as remote, and only those provisions where intervention is most likely are treated in this paragraph. It is important that the distinctive features of each type of intervention be fully understood. a. To aid State authorities at the request of the State. Article IV, Sec. 4, of the Constitution, makes it the duty of the Federal Government, at the request of the legislature of any State (or the governor if the legislature cannot be con­ vened), to protect the State against domestic violence. Con­ gress has authorized the President to intervene with Federal troops for the purpose of suppressing an insurrection against a State. (R. S. 5297 [50 U.S.C. 20o; M.L. 1939, Sec. 502].) b. To enforce the laws of'the United States. Article II, Sec. 3, of the Constitution., makes it the duty of the President 2 to see that the laws 'of the United States are faithfully ex­ ecuted. Moreover, whenever, in the judgment of the Presi­ dent, it is impracticable by reason of unlawful obstructions, combinations, assemblages of persons, or rebellion, to en­ force the laws of the United States within any State or territory by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, he is authorized by.
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