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Race for a Cure JUST A MINUTE AUG 13, 2020 HILITE.ORG 05 TYPES OF VACCINES See the different approaches for a COVID-19 vaccine PAST VACCINES RACE FOR A CURE Inactivated Vaccines Rabies (1885) Inactive or attenuated viruses use a form of virus that Louis Pasteur administered spinal cannot cause disease to trigger antibodies that work material from a rabies-afflicted rabbit to With pharmaceutical companies racing to RILEY TERBUSH GRAPHIC against the true virus. an infected nine-year-old boy in Paris, develop a vaccine for COVID-19, learn CENTER FOR DISEASE leading to a full recovery. about different vaccines and how CONTROL, NEW YORK TIMES, RNA Vaccines MAYO CLINIC SOURCES Influenza (1940s) they are made Directly inject the DNA messenger coding for anitviral proteins that trigger antibody development. Researchers at the University of Michigan, supported by the US Army, develop a flu HERD IMMUNITY vaccine using fertilized chicken eggs. The Adenovirus flu led to the use of mechanical ventilators. See how vaccines use herd immunity to prevent the spread of viruses, along with the A form of adenovirus enters the cells to deposit an Polio (1955) 1 vulnerabilities of vaccine technologies inactive virus that the body forms defenses against. VACCINE PROCESS Polio outbreaks caused thousands DNA Vaccines of deaths and tens of thousands of Vaccinating most paralysis cases in the United States. 1 The vaccine shot releases a of a community Inject DNA instructions to create viral proteins, which Its vaccine’s cost was covered by deactivated virus that can provides immunity the body builds and then defends against. the March of Dimes foundation. Some no longer cause illness into to the majority of of the vaccines distributed by Cutter the body. the population, thus Laboratories failed to deactivate the polio slowing the spread virus, leading to polio cases in 2 White blood cells release of the virus and vaccinated subjects. antibodies with many protecting those POTENTIAL COST varying shapes that try to who are unable to I have a lot of experience over the years dealing with Measles (1963) match with the virus in order get vaccines. pharmaceutical companies in which we’re trying to develop an John F. Enders and Thomas C. Peebles to deactivate it, the same intervention, and the one thing that is clear is that isolated the measles virus in an ill process the body uses when 3 if you try to enforce [costs] on a company that student in 1954. In 1963, they created infected and ill with a virus. “ has multiple, different opportunities to do different and distributed the vaccine created from Vaccine opposers things, they will walk away.” the isolated virus. The final version of the The body finds the correct tend to live in the vaccine, created by Maurice Hilleman, 3 - Anthony Fauci, director of the National antibody match for the virus same communities, came in 1968. It exposes the body to a Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases within one to three weeks. leaving people weaker version of the measles virus. The antibody latches onto the vulnerable to virus and destroys it. With disease without the Dengue (2016) the correct antibody shape buffer of those with The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and identified, the body is now immunity. These Economic Security Act would protect Prematurely released vaccines for the 2 immune to the virus. communities tend to a COVID-19 vaccine under all health mosquito-borne Dengue fever in the be disease hotspots. plans, covering it as preventive health Philippines caused risk of plasma leakage service without cost sharing. syndrome in children, a fatal disease which causes fluid leakage in the blood. VACCINE DEVELOPMENT PRECLINICAL TESTING PHASE I TESTING PHASE II TESTING PHASE III TESTING APPROVAL Factories produce Scan to see the New York Times’ Scientists test the vaccine Scientists test the Scientists test the Scientists test the Regulators look over and distributes the vaccine. The coronavirus vaccine on animals, seeking an vaccine on a small vaccine on hundreds vaccine on thousands the trials and decide development immune system reaction group of humans of people divided into of people and compare whether or not to vaccine may still COVID-19 be tested beyond tracker, which in monkeys or to evoke an groups based on age the amount infected to approve the vaccine. shows the stage other mammals. immune response. to test safety and those given a placebo. The vaccine may be distribution to screen for defects. of development for effectiveness. approved for emergency COVID-19 vaccines use during a pandemic..
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