Medicii Au Schimbat Soarta Lumii

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Medicii Au Schimbat Soarta Lumii MEDICII AU SCHIMBAT SOARTA LUMII DR. DINU BRAFMAN MEDICII AU SCHIMBAT SOARTA LUMII CASETA TEHNICA Este nevoie de împrejurări neobişnuite pentru ca numele unui savant să treacă din domeniul ştiinţei în istoria omenirii. Honoré de Balzac PREDOSLOVIE A scrie, multă vreme la cumpănă au stătut sufletul nostru. Să înceapă osteneala aceasta, după atâta veci de la (…) cu câteva sute de ani peste mie trecute, să sparie gândul. A lăsa iară (nescris), cu mare ocară înfundat, neamul acesta de o seamă de (…) ieste inimii durere. Biruit-au gândul să mă apucu de această trudă, să scoţ lumii la vedere… Miron Costin - Predoslovie la de neamul moldovenilor Face cât oameni mai mulţi un om care vindecă oameni Homer, Iliada Soarta medicilor este să fie mai curând criticaţi decât onoraţi Hippocrate Eseul pe care vi-l propun spre lectură, „Medicii au schimbat soarta lumii”, se doreşte a fi un omagiu adus medicilor din toate timpurile şi de pretutindeni, care, cu mijloace cel mai adesea modeste şi nu rareori cu preţul vieţii, au contribuit (în mare măsură), la îmbunătăţirea condiţiilor în care ne desfăşurăm în prezent existenţa. Medicii v-au dăruit timpul lor liber şi vacanţele şi nopţile şi nu de puţine ori viaţa. Au fost alături de voi să vă oblojească rănile, pe toate câmpurile de luptă, la Cluny şi la Verdun, la Mărăşeşti şi la Stalingrad, la fel de prost îmbrăcaţi şi de prost hrăniţi şi adesea la fel de plini de păduchi ca şi voi. N-au aşteptat de la voi recunoştinţă (pe care o meritau din plin), dar nici să-i blamaţi, sau şi mai rău, să-i acoperiţi de injurii atunci când, nu din vina lor, nu v-au putut ajuta. În virtutea căror misterioase legi cutare boală socotită „fără leac” cedează la prima privire a unui purtător de flacără a Spiritului, în timp ce suferinţele unei boli etichetate benignă nu pot fi uneori nici măcar uşurate? Răspunsul este că nu ştim, dar mai ales că nu există excepţii fără motiv, după cum nu există efecte fără cauze. Nici Christos n-a vindecat toţi bolnavii pe care i-a întâlnit. Am auzit şi m-a durut când v-am auzit de atătea ori vocea din off: Şi, în definitiv, ce pretenţii şi la medicii ăştia, parcă noi i-am pus să se facă doctori, trebuiau să ştie la ce se înhamă când s-au înscris la Facultatea de medicină. Să le amintim şi noi că uneori ţinem un moment de reculegere la câteva decenii după ce nu mai sunt printre noi, pe unii îi pomenim şi la sute de ani după ce au murit (este adevărat, într-un cadru destul de restrâns), ba unora chiar le-am ridicat statui (oricum, nu uităm să precizăm ce eforturi financiare a trebuit să facem pentru a le ridica). Lăsând gluma la o parte, în rândurile, nu puţine, pe care vi le propun spre lectură, am să încerc să vă conving că un medic, oricât de modest ar fi locul lui printre cei ce vă îngrijesc sănătatea, merită nu doar respectul, ci chiar iubirea voastră. „Şi chiar dacă mi-aş împărţi toată averea pentru hrana săracilor, chiar dacă mi-aş da trupul să fie ars şi n-aş avea dragoste, nu îmi foloseşte la nimic” Sf. Apostol Pavel - Scrisoare câtre Corinteni 12.3 UMANISMUL, TRĂSĂTURĂ DEFINITORIE A ACTIVITĂŢII MEDICALE 8 Dr. Dinu Brafman FĂRĂ IUBIRE DE SEMENI, NU EXISTĂ CU ADEVĂRAT MEDICINĂ! Sf. Apostol Pavel ne spune fără ocolişuri că dintre cele trei virtuţi creştine, credinţa, nădejdea şi iubirea, importantă este doar iubirea, fără ea nici nu se poate vorbi de creştinism: „Şi chiar dacă mi-aş împărţi toată averea pentru hrana săracilor, chiar dacă mi-aş da trupul să fie ars şi n-aş avea dragoste, nu-mi foloseşte la nimic” (Corintieni 13.3). Peste secole, îi va răspunde în ecou medicul Paracelsus: Toată medicina este iubire. În scrisoarea către Filemon, Sfântul Apostol Pavel, ne vorbeşte despre marea noutate pe care o aduce creştinismul, fraternitatea, punctul de la care începe demnitatea umană: „să-l primeşti înapoi (pe Onisim) pentru totdeauna, dar nu ca pe un sclav, ci mult mai presus decât pe un sclav, ca pe un frate preaiubit. fie în chip firesc, fie în Domnul”. (Scrisoarea Sf. Apostol Pavel câtre Filemon 1.16). v Medicina, sau, într-o exprimare poate mai aproape de adevăr, îngrijirea suferinţelor produse de accidente sau boli, a apărut odată cu omul! Preocuparea pentru om, pentru nevoile sale de îngrijire, a fost în mod evident precoce, comună şi constantă. Profesiunea de medic este o activitate exclusiv în folosul omului şi al colectivităţii umane, profesiune călăuzită de iubire de oameni, de dorinţa de a le înlătura suferinţele. Nu cunosc vreun alt domeniu de activitate umană în care îndemnul cristic „iubeşte-l pe aproapele tău ca pe tine însuţi” să aibă o mai mare îndreptăţire. Să nu fiu înţeles greşit: orice medic pătruns de nobleţea profesiei sale, va urma acest îndemn şi dacă nu este creştin. Am considerat mereu că medicina este o profesie umanistă, una dintre puţinele care pot fi etichetate astfel fără niciun corectiv, singura profesie fără de care, însăşi existenţa omului ca individ ar fi pusă în discuţie. Medicii au schimbat soarta lumii 9 Întru susţinerea unui eventual discurs pro domo, mă voi sluji de spusele lui Mircea Eliade, care, în plin război mondial, visa la un real umanism al secolului XX (sic!). Iată cum motiva viitorul istoric al religiilor, rolul important care îi va reveni istoriei medicinei pentru realizarea acestui umanism: …„istoria medicinei, departe de a fi o disciplină inutilă şi seacă, poate aduce reale servicii noului umanism al veacului nostru. Astăzi, când centrul de greutate cade din nou pe om – pe omul autentic, viu, unitar – istoria medicinei ne poate prezenta, mai precis decât ştiinţele naturale, icoana pe care omul şi-a făcut-o despre sine în decursul timpurilor. Cât de strâns legate se aflau odinioară medicina, morala şi soteriologia, ne-o dovedesc nu numai documentele de medicină magică şi religioasă, nu numai terminologia medicală a gnosticilor, budiştilor şi taoiştilor, ci şi anumite reforme spirituale care au influenţat profund viaţa socială a continentului nostru şi a Asiei apropiate”. (Mircea Eliade – Insula lui Euthanasios). Nimeni nu vă împiedică să fiţi de altă părere, există suficiente argumente pentru a susţine alte puncte de vedere, le ştiu şi eu, un mic grad de perversitate existent în fiecare dintre noi, mă face să nu le pun în prim plan. Dar, măcar pentru faptul că foarte mulţi medici au fost mari umanişti, în sensul mai larg acordat acestei noţiuni, să spunem câte ceva despre umanismul înţeles puţin mai altfel decât am făcut-o în această introducere. UMANISMUL CA MIŞCARE INTELECTUALĂ CONSTITUTIVĂ A RENAŞTERII Născut în Italia secolului XV (Quattrocento), umanismul se manifesta plenar în secolul XVI. Umanismul vedea lumina zilei într-o Italie aristocratică şi rafinată, la mari spirite, cel mai adesea laice, care descopereau măreţia culturii greco-romane, mai ales datorită textelor aduse de teologii greci, refugiaţi din Constantinopol. Contactul cu textele redescoperite ale lui Platon, a suscitat tentative de a prezenta dogmele creştine în termenii acestei filosofii, în afara categoriilor scolasticii. Neoplatonismul a fost în mare vogă la curtea familiei Medici din Florenţa, unul din focarele umanismului renascentist. Principalii reprezentanţi ai umanismului în Renaştere au fost Petrarca, Boccaccio, Marsilio Ficino, Pico de la Mirandola şi Poggio în Italia, medicii Montaigne şi Rabelais în Franţa, Thomas Morus, Francis Bacon în Anglia, Thomas Műnzer, Johannes Reuchlin în Germania (urmărit de Inchiziţie pentru ideile sale), Erasmus din Rotterdam în Ţările de Jos. 10 Dr. Dinu Brafman Umanism civic, este eticheta pe care unii exegeţi o cred potrivită umanismului renascentist. Motivaţia etichetării: pe tărâmul eticii: umaniştii renascentişti opun ascetismului medieval şi idealului contemplativ monastic o concepţie optimistă, care proclamă legitimitatea fericirii terestre şi un ideal cetăţenesc, patriotic. Dar, pentru că de la teorie la practică este uneori un drum imens, îmi permit să vă relatez un fapt ilustrativ pentru această distanţare: Guy de Chauliac (1300?–1368), considerat „cel mai mare medic al timpului său”, deşi a dovedit un devotament fără margini faţă de bolnavi în epidemia de ciumă care bântuia la Padova (1348), nu a putut-o salva pe Laura de Noves, iubita lui Petrarca. Plin de ură împotriva lui Guy de Chauliac, Petrarca, considerat la rândul său drept „primul umanist al Renaşterii”, scrie poemul Invective împotriva unui medic. Oricum, omul renascentist a fost peste măsură de idealizat de posteritate. „Omul renascentist – omul universal, era un om diluat, altfel zis „un om bun la toate”. Omul renascentist era un individ cu atât de multe preocupări, încât nu avea cum să facă ceva temeinic. Omul renascentist e prea ocupat să afle cât mai multe lucruri, ca să mai aibă timp să digereze informaţia, să şi gândească. Şi atunci, citează non-stop, devenind un abil compilator de prefabricate de gândire, semănând cu „hard-disk-ul” unui calculator umplut cu prea multă informaţie ca să mai lase loc pentru programe complexe şi, din acest motiv, poate rula doar programele simple de editare… Renaşterea a aruncat sămânţa îndoielii şi a relativizat valorile”. (Florin Biciuşcă – Uitatul în Cetate) Pentru Gabriel Liiceanu …„cultura umanistă este în mod esenţial o epidemie erotică având ca virus cartea. Orice pagină scrisă este o «seducţie la distanţă», o «erotică a depărtării». (Gabriel Liiceanu – Declaraţie de iubire). Umanismul ca doctrină generală, preocupare constantă a majorităţii gânditorilor, a fost înţeles ca un model, ca umanism arhetip, care depinde de permanenţa naturii umane, a omului etern, creator de valori materiale şi spirituale. Umanismul definit drept poziţia filosofică în care omul şi valorile umane reprezintă valoarea supremă, a acţionat de-a lungul întregii istorii, pentru dezvoltarea maximă a personalităţii umane, recunoscând omului posibilităţi de autoperfecţionare.
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