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Thank You for Downloading the BTL's Guide to Geomembranes All You Need to Know About Geomembranes Thank you for downloading the BTL's Guide to Geomembranes. We hope that this book helps you with your projects! We strive to provide our customers with not only great service and quality products, but great information to help them with whatever project they're taking on. For more free ebooks, articles, downloads and more visit our website at www.btlliners.com www.btlliners.com 2 All You Need to Know About Geomembranes Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 What are Geomembranes? ............................................................................................................... 5 Common Uses of Geomembranes .................................................................................................. 6 Flexible vs Non-Flexible Materials ................................................................................................... 7 Reinforced vs Unreinforced Geomembranes .................................................................................. 7 Buried vs Exposed Materials ............................................................................................................ 7 Geomembrane Tarps ............................................................................................................. 8 What Material Works Best for a Tarp? ............................................................................................ 9 Applications for Geomembrane Tarps ............................................................................................ 9 Why Color Matters for Geomembrane Tarps ................................................................................ 10 Temporary Landfill Covers .............................................................................................................10 Geomembrane Covers ......................................................................................................... 12 Protecting Water from Contamination ..........................................................................................12 Controlling Vapors and Fumes ......................................................................................................13 Keeping Wildlife Away ....................................................................................................................13 Pairing Geomembranes with Floating Ball Cover ......................................................................... 14 Capping a Landfill Permanently .....................................................................................................14 Fully Sealed Geomembrane Cover Systems ................................................................................. 15 Selecting the Right Material for a Geomembrane Cover ............................................................. 15 Geomembrane Liners........................................................................................................... 16 Categorizing Geomembrane Liners by Water Safety ................................................................... 16 Preventing Fluid Exchange from Both Directions ......................................................................... 17 Dealing with the Most Challenging Storage Demands ................................................................. 17 Product Loss Through Leakage and Evaporation ........................................................................ 17 Chemical and Abrasion Resistance ...............................................................................................18 Secondary Containment and Impoundment ................................................................................. 18 Agricultural Liners for Both Crop and Livestock Production ....................................................... 19 Why Seam Sealing Matters Most with Geomembrane Liners ..................................................... 19 The Importance of Very Low Permeability Ratings ...................................................................... 19 Geomembrane Liners vs Other Options ........................................................................................20 Preventing Lifting and Floating Liners ...........................................................................................21 Meeting EPA Requirements for Potable Water Storage .............................................................. 22 www.btlliners.com 3 All You Need to Know About Geomembranes Finding Leaks in Existing Geomembrane Liners .......................................................................... 22 Geomembrane Underlayments ............................................................................................. 23 Full Buried Installation ....................................................................................................................24 Ballast Pairing ................................................................................................................................. 24 No Need for Secondary Underlayment ..........................................................................................24 Dealing with Difficult Soil Types ....................................................................................................25 Moisture Control in Areas with High Water Tables ...................................................................... 25 Which Materials Work Best for Underlayment? ............................................................................ 25 Replacement Schedules for Green Roof Materials ...................................................................... 26 Creating a Complete Geomembrane System ........................................................................ 27 Seam Sealing Methods ...................................................................................................................27 Sealing Geomembranes Around Penetrations ............................................................................. 28 Common Problems with Geomembranes .............................................................................. 29 Punctures ........................................................................................................................................29 Tears ................................................................................................................................................30 UV Degradation ...............................................................................................................................30 Temperature Damage .....................................................................................................................30 Chemical Leaching .........................................................................................................................30 Sources: .............................................................................................................................. 32 BTL's AquaArmor is the strongest and most reliable pond liner on the market today. AquaArmor was crafted to resist the harsh years of UV radiation that will undoubtedly try to harm your canal liner. Combine that with the fact that AquaArmor is 100% plant and fish safe, AquaArmor can protect your pond for years to come. Visit BTLLiners.com/AquaArmor to learn more. www.btlliners.com 4 All You Need to Know About Geomembranes Introduction While some of the earliest major construction projects involved little more than earth and stone, man has been designing ways to stabilize, seal, and secure raw soil for thousands of years. Today’s geomembranes represent the pinnacle of modern technology for turning graded and compacted ground into useful space. These materials don’t just work underneath layers of concrete, gravel, and asphalt, they are also durable, weather-resistant, and flexible enough to use as tarps and custom fit covers as well. Explore the most common uses of geomembranes from BTL Liners and find out what you need to know to choose the right material for your project. What are Geomembranes? Geomembranes are impermeable and flexible sheets of material designed to secure, stabilize, or seal exposed earth. They can contain a woven or spun fabric component or consist solely of polymers. Other membranes are available for similar purposes but don’t qualify as geomembranes because they can’t be installed directly in contact with the earth. If a material truly qualifies as a geomembrane, it can be the final underlayment or liner layer under other materials. www.btlliners.com 5 All You Need to Know About Geomembranes The methods used for manufacturing these materials can include calendaring, spread coating, and sheet extrusion. Other features common to most geomembranes, such as flexibility, UV resistance, reinforcement grids, exact polymer content, and plant and fish safety all vary greatly between products. This is a broad category that encompasses many different products with hundreds of potential uses across dozens of industries. Common Uses of Geomembranes There are hundreds of uses for geomembranes, but some of the most common and critical applications include: • Lining irrigation ponds, canals, dams, reservoirs, and channels to prevent lost moisture and fertilizer runoff from soaking into the water through the soil. • Sealing landfills from the bottom up so that leachate formed by rainwater running through
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