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Analytical Element and Method for The Europäisches Patentamt *EP000848819B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 848 819 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: G01N 33/543, C12Q 1/28 of the grant of the patent: 26.04.2000 Bulletin 2000/17 (86) International application number: PCT/US96/13270 (21) Application number: 96928884.4 (87) International publication number: (22) Date of filing: 16.08.1996 WO 97/09619 (13.03.1997 Gazette 1997/12) (54) ANALYTICAL ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF A SPECIFIC BINDING LIGAND USING A VANADIUM BROMOPEROXIDASE AS A SIGNAL-GENERATING ENZYME ANALYTISCHES ELEMENT UND VERFAHREN ZUR BESTIMMUNG EINES SPEZIFISCHEN BINDENDEN LIGANDEN UNTER VERWENDUNG EINER VANADIN-BROMPEROXIDASE ALS EIN SIGNALGENERIERENDES ENZYM ELEMENT ET PROCEDE ANALYTIQUE DE DETERMINATION D’UN LIGAND SPECIFIQUE DE LIAISON UTILISANT LA BROMOPEROXYDASE DE VANADIUM COMME ENZYME GENERATRICE DE SIGNAUX (84) Designated Contracting States: • GROULX, Sarah, Fingar AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC Ontario, NY 14519 (US) NL PT SE • KOPCIENSKI, Martha, Miller Designated Extension States: Spencerport, NY 14559 (US) SI (74) Representative: Mercer, Christopher Paul (30) Priority: 01.09.1995 US 523042 Carpmaels & Ransford 43, Bloomsbury Square (43) Date of publication of application: London WC1A 2RA (GB) 24.06.1998 Bulletin 1998/26 (56) References cited: (73) Proprietor: Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. EP-A- 0 421 788 EP-A- 0 603 954 Rochester, NY 14626-5101 (US) • INORG. CHIM. ACTA, vol. 243, no. 1-2, 1996, (72) Inventors: pages 201-206, XP000613696 J. V. WALKER ET • FRIEDMAN, Alan, Eric AL.: "Vanadium bromoperoxidase-catalyzed Rochester, NY 14617 (US) oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide." • KISSEL, Thomas, Robert Rochester, NY 14612 (US) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 0 848 819 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 0 848 819 B1 Description Field of the Invention 5 [0001] The present invention relates to analytical elements and methods for using the same to detect specific binding ligands in fluid samples. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of a vanadium bromoperoxidase as a signal-generating enzyme in such analytical elements. Background of the Invention 10 [0002] There is a continuing need in medical practice and research, and in analytical and diagnostic procedures for rapid and accurate determinations of chemical and biological substances which are present in various fluids, such as biological fluids. For example, the presence of proteins, hormones, drugs, viruses, microorganisms, narcotics and steroids must be determined rapidly and accurately for effective research, diagnosis and treatment. 15 [0003] A wide variety of analytical methods have been developed in recent decades to detect the noted substances. The methods have become highly reliable and in some instances, suitable for automation, as well as suitable for use in kit form. Most of such methods rely on what are known in the art as "specific binding reactions" between a substance to be detected (identified herein as a "specific binding ligand" or "ligand") and a corresponding "receptor" which rec- ognizes and reacts with the ligand specifically. Most known specific binding reactions are between immunoreactants 20 (in "immunoassays"), such as antibodies with antigens or antibodies with haptens, but others are also known such as avidin with biotin. [0004] In general, immunoassays can provide a qualitative and/or quantitative determination of the presence or ab- sence (or quantity) of a specific antigen, antibody or antigen-antibody complex. In one form of immunoassay, known as a "competitive binding immunoassay", a labeled analog of the ligand to be determined is placed in competition with 25 a fixed amount of an appropriate antibody which can react with both the ligand and the ligand analog. The label on the analog can be appropriately detected in its "free" or complexed (that is, reacted) form. Such detection will then tell the user how much ligand is in the sample being tested. [0005] In an alternative immunoassay format known as a "sandwich" immunoassay or immunometric assay, the ligand is contacted with two or more receptor molecules which bind to the ligand at different epitopic sites. One receptor 30 is appropriately labeled and the other is either immobilized on a solid substrate, or is capable of being immobilized thereon. The amount of ligand is directly proportional to the amount of bound complex among the ligand and the two receptors. [0006] Immunoassays have been traditionally carried out in solution, or in test devices where fluids are removed in some fashion from the reagents participating in the assay. Although solution techniques have enjoyed broad acceptance 35 in this area, they typically require analyzer equipment often having intricate solution handling and transport capabilities. Moreover, the analytical equipment used in such assays can involve complex liquid handling, and may require skilled personnel, both for operation and the precise cleaning that may be needed to avoid sample to sample contamination. [0007] An alternative to solution chemistry is the use of dry analytical elements. It should be understood that not all aqueous solutions can be employed in dry analytical elements because of interference from coating agents, binders, 40 and other reagents necessary to maintain structural integrity in said elements. Also, a multiplicity of scientific disciplines are often required in successful element construction. Moreover, dry analytical elements must use compartmentaliza- tion to segregate incompatible components; such is not the case in solution chemistry where separate liquid storage and successive liquid additions can be employed. [0008] Dry analytical elements and their use for immunoassays are described in numerous publications, including 45 U.S. Patent No. 4,258,001 to Pierce et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,670,381 to Frickey et al., WO 82/2601 (published August 5, 1982), European Patent Application No. 051 183 (published May 12, 1982) and European Patent Application No. 066 648 (published December 15, 1982). [0009] Improved dry analytical elements and their use in immunoassays are described in copending and coassigned application, U.S. Serial No. 938,460, filed August 31, 1992 to Belly et al. in which enzyme labels are utilized for detection. 50 Horseradish peroxidase is the preferred enzyme label disclosed in the application of Belly et al. Such elements allow for the detection of analytes present in very low concentrations using a particular washing technique to separate un- bound reactants from bound (or complexed) immunoreactants. [0010] In the immunoassays carried out in the dry analytical elements using peroxidase as the label, the stability of the peroxidase is highly important since any change in its concentration critically affects assay sensitivity. In the assays 55 described in U.S. Patent No. 5,372,932 to Friedman et al., 4'-hydroxy or 4'-alkoxyarylacetamides are used as agents to enhance the stability of the enzyme or enzyme label in a dry analytical element. Although these agents have resulted in improved stability, it has been observed that the stability of the peroxidase label is still less than desirable in dry analytical elements. 2 EP 0 848 819 B1 [0011] Recently, Butler and Walker have described a family of vanadium bromoperoxidases (VBrPO) extracted from aquatic and marine algae and some from terrestrial lichens and fungi that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and bromide anion, catalytically produce activated bromine species which are potent oxidants. (See, Butler et al., Chem. Revs., 93, pp. 1937-1944, 1993 and references cited therein). 5 [0012] One of the problems with most haloperoxidases is that their pH optima are generally in the lower pH range, i.e., 3-5. This presents a problem with prior art analytical elements which depend upon a peroxy anion; peroxides typically have a pKa of about 11.5. The vanadium bromoperoxidases work effectively in a pH range of about 6-10. [0013] Although the analytical elements and methods disclosed in the prior art show enhanced assay sensitivity and stability, there is still a need for further improvements in this field. For example, there is still a need for providing a 10 simpler analytical element which does not require the use of stabilizing agents as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,372,932 to Friedman et al. Furthermore, there still is a need to provide an element which has improved enzyme stability and more sensitivity than the known prior art systems. Summary of the Invention 15 [0014] The problems identified above in regard to prior art dry analytical elements and immunoassays have been overcome by the present invention by utilizing an analytical element which comprises, in at least one of its zones, a vanadium bromoperoxidase-labeled immunoreactant. [0015] More specifically, the present invention relates to an analytical element useful for the determination of a spe- 20 cific binding ligand comprising: (i) a porous spreading zone, (ii) one or more additional zones which are in fluid contact with the porous spreading zone, and (iii) optionally,
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