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Chapter 3 Socio-Economic Profile of Study Area Chapter 3 Socio-Economic Profile of Study Area Number Sub- Title PP Number 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Historical features of Nashik District 61 3.3 Milestones on the history of Nashik 64 3.4 Geographical features of Nashik district 65 3.5 Economic Features 67 3.5.1 Land-use and Land Holding Pattern 67 3.5.2 Occupational Pattern 68 3.5.3 Crop and Cropping Pattern 69 3.5.4 Industrial Workers 70 3.5.5 Self-employment 70 3.6 Industrial Features ^1Y~ 3.6.1 Agro based Industries 71 3.6.2 Other Industries 72 3.7 Demographic features 73 3.7.1 Population in Nashik District 73 3.7.2 Urban and Rural Population 75 3.7.3 Tehsil-wise population 76 3.7.4 Rural and Urban Literacy ratio 76 3.8 Educational Development 77 3.8.1 Schools and Colleges 78 3.8.2 Renowned Institutions 78 3.8.3 Government Institutions 79 3.9 Financial Institutions 79 3.9.1 Bank Offices 79 3.9.2 SHGs and Post offices 80 3.9.3 Life Insurance Corporation 80 3.10 Cooperatives in Nashik District 81 -60- Chapter 3 Socio-Economic Profile of Study Area 3.1 Introduction Maharashtra is one of the leading state; playing an important role in the development of nation through social, political, economic and cultural aspects. According to CM Devendra Phadanvis, Nashik is the third leading and dynamic city of Maharashtra . Nashik is located on the bank of river Godavari (Second largest river in the Indian plateau) and in the mountain ranges of Sahyadri; making it one of the holiest places for Hindus. From ancient period, Nashik is referred in various religious, historical and as a tourism center. Mountain Bramhagiri (origin of river Godavari), Panchavati, Anjaneri (birth place of Hanuman), Temple of Renuka Devi and Saptashrungi Devi, Workplace of Samarth Ramdas, Lord Shiva's temple at Tryambak, West Kashi Dharmapeeth are famous places from the age of god and goddess. Thus Nashik is known as one of the most famous religious place where Kumbhamela is organized once in every 12 years . Prominent authors of Marathi drama poets and world class literature writers; Vasant Kanetkar and V.V. Shirvadkar have done their creative work in Nashik. Museum, memorial place of Dadasaheb Phalke is famous in the Art of film making and originator of films in India. Earthen Dam of Gangapur, Nashik Dhol, Music, Bird Sanctuaries of Nandur Madhyameshwar, are some of the key-points of attraction for tourists. Nashik is also famous for agricultural products as onion, grapes, sugarcane etc. and also for industries as winery, sugar factories, Paithani etc. 3.2 Historical features of Nashik District No one knows when the city of Nashik came into existence. According to the mythology, Laxmana cut the nose ('Nashika' in Sanskrit) of 'Shurpnakha' and hence the city got the name 'Nashik'. Long ago, Brahmadeva had meditated in 'Padmasana' here, so the city was also called 'Padma-Aasana' for some time. Nashik was 'Trikantak' in Kritayuga, 'Janasthana' in Dwaparyuga and later it became -61- 'Navashikh' or 'Nashik' in Kuliyuga. Renowned poets like Valmiki, Kalidas and Bhavabhooti have great contribution for Nashik. Nashik in 150 BC was believed to be the country's largest market place. It was also known as the 'Land of the brave" during the regime of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj^. A. Ramayana Period Nashik has a personality of its own, due to its mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. Nashik has a rich historical past, as the mythology; that Lord Rama (the King of Ayodhya) stay at Nashik during his years in exile. At the same place Lord Laxmana (brother of lord Rama) cut the nose of 'Shurpnakha' (sister of Ravana) by the wish of Lord Rama, and thus this city was named as Nashika, a Sanskrit word thus the name was originated as 'Nashik'. Nashik has been a famous holy pilgrimage Centre known for both Rama (Nashik) and Shiva (Tryambak). B. Maratha Rule During that period of Maratha rule the rich families like braves, Vaishampayans and Gadres of the locality started their financial activities and provided advances to military campaigns of feudal Sardars and in their later times their Pedhi's gradually began to finance the fiourishing trade in metal ware and fabrics as well as grapes and onions. During those days a person named Dev Mamledar (God like Tehsildar) lived in Nashik whose real name was Yashawant Mahadev Bhosekar. He began his career as a humble clerk in the revenue department and gradually rose to the position of Mamaledar. A severe famine affected the area and Bhosekar generously helped the people to alleviate their sufferings. In less time he became so famous that princes and people began to respect him as a saint and called him Yashwantrao Maharaj. Upon his death in 1887 people raised a small beautiful temple for his Samadhi on the ban of the river where his last funeral rites were performed. C. Peshwa Period In the recent past, the Moguls were fascinated by the beauty of the city and renamed it as 'Gulshanabad' (city of gardens). Beautiful fresh flowers were sent to -62- Aurangzeb from Gulshanabad i.e. Nashik. But it was during the rule of the Peshwa, when the place was finally renamed as Nashik. During this period, Raghobadada and his wife Anandibai settled down at 'Anandwalli' in Nashik. There are some forts of Anandibai. There is also a temple called 'Navasha Ganapati' built by Anandibai. D. British Rule By the middle of 19"^ century the British Rule was firmly established and the public life of Nashik began to pulsating with activities suited to the times. During the British rule (pre-independent period), many freedom fighters were also fought for freedom from Nashik District. Swa. Sawarkar (Bhagur), Tatya Tope (Yeola), Ahilyabai Holkar (Chandwad). In April 1818, a British officer named Mr. Jackson was killed in Vijayanand Film Theater and so Anant Laxman Kanhere and other nationalists were hanged by the British, then Nashik once again regained its importance. The British fell in love with the beauty of the city and developed it in various fields. The Golf course, developed by the British, was one of the largest in Asia. National Movement In 1869 made Nashik as a full-fledged district with its present Talukas. With the return of peace Nashik flourished into prosperity due to political, religious and commercial activities led to its rapid development. With the construction of the railway, going from Bombay to north-east, from very near the city, religious minded devotees came to be attracted to the town in ever increasing numbers where they made their purchases of various artistic and useful articles. This made Nashik a great trade Centre where artisans skilled in manufacturing utensils and smiths excelling in workmanship in silver and gold crowded to ply their trade. At that time, the present territory of Nashik District was partly distributed in Khandesh and Ahmednagar. During the British rule Nashik region witnessed some revolutionary insurgencies against the British rule. Bhagoji Naik's rebellion 1857, (We Indians call it a revolution for independence against British Rule) were a few of those revolutionary actions. The roots of Nationalist movement in India were also shown in and around Nashik. Early in 1899 a secret society known as Rashtra- Bhakta-Samuha (a body of devoted patriots) was started by Savarkar, Mhaskar and 63- Page (Nashik District Gazetteer). Nashik was also a center of Abhinav Bharat. Many patriots sacrificed their lives for the Nationalist appeal. During the British rule Nashik was also known for the movements of socio- cultural transformation. For example; Kalaram Mandir Satyagraha led by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Bhoomi Mukti Andolan by Dadasaheb Gaikwad, the making of Dabhadi Prabandha -a Manifesto of Shetkari Kamgar Paksha (Party of Peasants and workers). In Post Independence period Nashik developed as one of the leading districts of Maharashtra. Development in agriculture and industry boosted its socio­ economic development. 3.3 Milestones in the History of Nashik Nashik Road Railway Station, Indian Security Press, Nashik Artillery Centre, HAL (Hindustan Aeronautical Limited), Air Force are leading factors of Nashik. Table 3.1 Major events in the history of Nashik Development/Changes Year Establishment of SarvajanikVachanalaya (Native Library Nashik) 1840 Formation of Sharanpur Colony 1854 Formation of Deolali Cantonment (Anglo-vernacular school) 1861 Construction of Nashik Road Railway Station 1862 Formation Nashik Municipality 1864 Formation and Declaration of Nashik District 1869 Construction of Saint Andrew Church 1894 Construction started for Victoria Bridge 1894 Establishment of Police Training School 1910 Distillery started at Nashik Road 1922 Construction and formation of Security Press at Nashik Road 1927 Shifting of Artillery Center from Quetta (Pakistan) to Nashik 1941 Establishment of Revenue Department 1981 Source: http://www.nashik.nic.in 64 Nashik is also educationally rich that two universities are established in Nashik as Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Health Science University. Mahindra and Mahindra, Mico, Glaxo, Crompton Greaves, VIP, Asian Paints are leading companies located in Nashik. Import and Export is also comparatively more from Nashik. 3.4 Geographical features of Nashik district 3.4.1 Location Nashik District is located at North area of Maharashtra between 19° 35' and 20° 52' North Latitude and 73° 16' and 74° 56' east longitude, with an area of 15,582'0 km.2 (6,015 sq. miles). East-West average length is 200 km and of South- North is 120 km and at 565 meters above mean sea level. Its area is 5.04% of the area of Maharashtra. It is located in three different rivers; Godavari, Tapi and Daman ganga at west side in the Tehsil of Surgana and Peth.
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