The American University in Cairo

Political Science 5201 Comparative Theory Fall 2019

Instructor: Mostafa Hefny Office Hours: Sundays 12-1.Wednesdays 12:00-2:00 (or by appointment) Office: HUSS 2017 Email: [email protected]

This is a field survey of designed to familiarize you with the issues, themes and methods embodied in the work of comparatavists. The aim of this course is two-fold; First, by engaging with major works in the subfield, you will the develop the necessary awareness of major touchstones, through -and against- which you will develop your own research projects. Second, you will be furnished with the opportunity to reflect upon the place of the subfield within the corpus of social sciences writ-large. In class discussions, we will look for linkages between works in Comparative Politics and other disciplines, and think about how the contrasts between the assumptions, approaches and aims of comparativists, and those of anthropologists, sociologists, economists and historians can help us better understand, and fine-tune, the development of our discipline.

Unlike other subfields in the discipline, Comparative Politics is defined by how comparatavists go about researching political phenomenon rather than their substantive concerns. As important the comparative method has been, and continues to be in the practice of comparatavists, the nomenclature does little to shed light on the many methodological traditions utilized in the subfield. Nor is a search amongst the topics and themes covered by comparativists likely to settle the definitional difficulty. Comparatavists’ substantive concerns sometimes seem to extend to all of what we call politics. It follows therefore that the best way to develop a sense of the work that comparativists do, and eventually to find a place for your own project(s) in relationship with that body of work, is to read a considerable amount of Comparative Politics. An above average level of reading is required for this course, and completion of the readings designated as REQUIRED is absolutely essential before class. After a brief overview of the foundations of the subfield, we will commence with reading work on some of the major topics of interest in Comparative Politics.

Requirements

1. Reading. Your reading of the required material is absolutely essential for the success of this class. In class discussion is how we will eventually link the assigned material to our own research projects. Class Participation will count for 20 % of your final grade. 2. Response Papers. You will be required to write three response papers on three weeks of your choosing. You will share your response with the class (via Blackboard), no later than 2 PM on the Tuesday that precedes our Wednesday class. In class, you will be given the floor to lead discussion on issues arising from your short paper. Each Response Paper will count for 15 % of your final grade.

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3. Book Review. You are required to submit a short, professional book review of a work in social science. The choice is up to you, but please discuss the choice with me beforehand. This is due on October 16 and will count for 15 % of your final grade. 4. Literature Review. On the last day of classes, you are required to submit a 10-15 page literature review on a topic in comparative politics. This will count for 20 % of your final grade.

University Policy on Academic Integrity and Plagiarism

Students are expected to commit to the principles of academic integrity. Academic integrity includes a commitment to not engage in or tolerate acts of falsification, misrepresentation or deception. Such acts of dishonesty include cheating or copying, plagiarizing, submitting another persons' work as one's own, using Internet or other sources without citation, fabricating field data or citations, stealing examinations, tampering with the academic work of another student, facilitating other students' acts of academic dishonesty, etc. Plagiarism for assignments and/or reports may result in a zero grade for the assignment and/or the report in question. Cheating during an examination may result in a zero grade for this examination. Further action, according to university regulations, would also be implemented. You should be aware that all written work might be submitted to “Turnitin.com”, the detection prevention software. The University's statement on academic integrity, from which the above statement is drawn, is available at http://www.aucegypt.edu/academics/integrity/Pages/default.aspx

All of the course readings will be available on Blackboard.

There is neither a mid-term nor a final exam in this course.

September 4 : Class Introduction

September 11: Foundational Issues in Comparative Politics; Substance and Methods REQUIRED

Todd Landman. Issues and methods in comparative politics: an introduction. Routledge, 2002: 3-94 and 285- 299

John Stuart Mill (1843), “Of the Four Methods of Experimental Inquiry” in A System of Logic, (London: Harrison) Book III, Chapter VIII, §§1-3. (Pages 191-202 in the version uploaded to Blackboard)

Arend Lijphart (1971), “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method,” American 2

Review, 65 (3), pp. 682-693.

Carles Boix and Susan Stokes. “Introduction” in Boix, Carles, and Susan Carol Stokes, eds. The Oxford handbook of comparative politics. Vol. 4. Oxford Handbooks of Political, 2007.

SUPPLEMENTARY Gabriel A. Almond and Stephen Genco. "Clouds, Clocks, and the Study of Politics." In A Discipline Divided: Schools and Sects in Political Science, edited by Gabriel A. Almond. (First published in 1977 in World Politics vol.29 no.4 (July 1977): 489-522.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990: 32-65.

Atul Kohli, Peter Evans, Peter J. Katzenstein, , , James C. Scott and . (1995). “The role of theory in comparative politics: A symposium.” World Politics, 48(1), 1-49.

Giovanni Sartori . "Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics." The American Political Science Review, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 1970), pp. 1033-1053

Sudipta Kaviraj, "Concept of Man in Political Theory: Part One." Social Scientist (1979): 15-30.

Sudipta Kaviraj, "Concept of Man in Political Theory: Part Two." Social Scientist (1979): 37-61.

Adam Przeworski and Henry Tuene. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry, Introduction, Chapters 1 and 2.

September 18: Everything and Nothing; Institutionalism in the Study of Politics

REQUIRED

James March and Johan Olsen, “Elaborating the ‘New Institutionalism’” in Rhodes, Rod AW, Sarah A. Binder, and Bert A. Rockman, eds. The Oxford handbook of political institutions. Oxford University Press, 2008.

Mancur Olsen. The Logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups (Harvard economic studies. v. 124). Press, 1965. Selections from Ch. 1, pp. 5-22 & 33-52.

Peter A. Hall and Rosemary C. R. Taylor. 1996. Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms. Political Studies 44 5 :936–957.

Barry Weingast. 2002. Rational Choice Institutionalism. In Political Science: State of the Discipline, edited by I. Katznelson and H. Milner. New York: Norton

SUPPLEMENTARY

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Kathleen Thelen. 1999. Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 2:69‐404

Jon Elster, “Explanation” in Explaining Social Behavior, p 8-30

Terry Moe 1990. Political institutions: the neglected side of the story. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 6: 213–53

Paul Pierson Politics in time: History, institutions, and social analysis. Princeton University Press, 2011, (Introduction)

September 25: The State, Formations

REQUIRED Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States, ch. 1 (1-37)

Hendrik Spruyt . "The origins, development, and possible decline of the modern state." Annual review of political science5.1 (2002): 127-149.

Margaret Levi. Of rule and revenue. Univ of California Press, 1989 (Introduction)

Douglass C. North "A neoclassical theory of the state." Rational Choice (1986): 248-260.

SUPPLEMENTARY

Charles Tilly. 1985. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime,” in Evans, Peter, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Sckopol eds . Bringing the State Back In Cambridge University Press , 169‐ 191.

Hendrik Spruyt, The Sovereign State and Its Competitors, ch. 1

Jeffrey Herbst. States and power in Africa: Comparative lessons in authority and control. Vol. 149. Princeton University Press, 2000, Introduction

Clifford Geertz. 1980. Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth‐Century Bali , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Chapter 4 & Conclusion.

Gianfranco Poggi, The Development of the Modern State, chapter 1.

Margaret Levi. Of rule and revenue. Univ of California Press, 1989, Chapter 2

October 2: The State as a Political Actor

REQUIRED Peter Evans (1989, December). “Predatory, developmental, and other apparatuses: A comparative

4 perspective on the third world state.” In Sociological forum (Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 561- 587).

Theda Skocpol, “Bringing The State Back In: Strategies for Analysis in Current Research” in in Evans, Peter, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Sckopol eds . Bringing the State Back In Cambridge University Press (1985) , 3-28

Timothy Mitchell, “The Limits of the State: Beyond statist approaches and their critics." American political science review 85.1 (1991): 77-96.

Vivek Chibber. Locked in place: State-building and late industrialization in India. Princeton University Press, 2003, 1-12

SUPPLEMENTARY

Atul Kohli. State-directed development: political power and industrialization in the global periphery. Cambridge university press, 2004, 1-26

Michael Mann, “The Autonomous Power of the State: its Origins, Mechanisms and Results,” European Journal of Sociology (Archives européennes de sociologie), XXV, 1984.

Joel S. Migdal 1988. Strong Societies and Weak States: State‐Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, Chapters 1.

Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Times. Boston: Beacon Press, 2001 [1944] (Selections)

Vivek Chibber. Locked in place: State-building and late industrialization in India. Princeton University Press, 2003: 13-44

October 9: Revolution

REQUIRED Theda Skocpol, “France, Russia, China: A Structural Analysis of Social Revolutions,” Comparative Studies in Society and History (April 1976): 175-203.

Jack Goldstone. "Toward a fourth generation of revolutionary theory." Annual Review of Political Science 4.1 (2001): 139-187.

Timur Kuran, “Now out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989,” World Politics 44:1 (October 1991): 7-48.

SUPPLEMENTARY Farideh Farhi, “State Disintegration and Urban-Based Revolutionary Crisis: A Comparative Analysis of Iran and Nicaragua,” Comparative Political Studies 21:2 (1988): 231-256.

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Charles Tilly, “Revolutions and Collective Violence,” in Fred Greenstein and Nelson Polsby, eds., Handbook ofPolitical Science, 3 (1975): 483-547.

John Foran, David Lane, and Andreja Zivkovic eds, Revolution in the making of the modern world : social identities, globalization, and modernity. New York: Routledge, 2008. (Introduction)

Kay Trimberger.. Revolution from Above: Military Bureaucrats in Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt, and Peru. (Selections)

Jeff Goodwin, Now Other Way out: States and Revolutionary Movements 1945-1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001 (Selections)

Jason Brownlee, Tarek Masoud and Andrew Reynolds, “Theorizing the Arab Spring” in The Arab Spring: Pathways to Repression and Reform (2015): 1-39

Charles Kurzman, “Can Understanding Undermine Explanation? The Confused Experience of Revolution,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences, (2004): 328-351.

October 16: Political Regimes; Origins, Types, Repertoires Book Review Due

REQUIRED Robert A. Dahl 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition.( New Haven: Yale University Press , Chapter 1.

Greggory Luebbert, “Social Foundations of Political Order in Inter-War Europe.” World Politics, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Jul., 1987), pp. 449-478

Juan Linz., 1975. Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. Handbook of political science, Introduction and Chapter One

Michael Brattpn and Nicolas Van de Walle. "Neopatrimonial regimes and political transitions in Africa." World politics 46.4 (1994): 453-489.

SUPPLEMENTARY Soliman, Samer. The autumn of dictatorship: Fiscal crisis and political change in Egypt under Mubarak. Stanford University Press, 2011. (Selections)

Boix, Carles. 1999. Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies, American Political Science Review 93:3: 609‐624.

Nicolas Van de Walle,. "Elections without democracy: Africa's range of regimes." Journal of democracy 13.2 (2002): 66-80.

Steven Levistsky and Lucan A. Way. Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War.

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Cambridge University Press, 2010, (Introduction, 3-37)

October 23: Political Order and Political Change

REQUIRED Samuel Huntington. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies New Haven: Yale University Press , 1-92

Dan Slater (2010). Ordering power: Contentious politics and authoritarian leviathans in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press, 1-33

SUPPLEMENTARY Dan Slater (2010). Ordering power: Contentious politics and authoritarian leviathans in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press, 34-54

Robert Bates, “Probing the Sources of Political Order,” in Stathis Kalyvas, Ian Shapiro, And Tarek Masoud, eds., Order Conflict and Violence.

October 30: Authoritarianism and its Institutions I

REQUIRED Andreas Schedler, “The Logic of Electoral Authoritarianism,” in A. Schedler, (ed.), Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition, Boulder, CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 2006.

Lisa Blaydes, “Elections and Elite Management,” in Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt, Cambridge University Press, 201: 48-64

Lisa Wedeen, Ambiguities of domination: Politics, rhetoric, and symbols in contemporary Syria. University of Chicago Press, 2015: 1-31

SUPPLEMENTARY Ellen Lust-Okar, Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions, Cambridge University Press, 2005 :37-95

Beatriz Magaloni,. Voting for Autocracy, 2006: 1-43

Joseph Wright and Abel Escribà-Folch. "Authoritarian institutions and regime survival: Transitions to democracy and subsequent autocracy." British Journal of Political Science42.2 (2012): 283-309.

Edmund Malesky and Paul Schuler. "Nodding or needling: Analyzing delegate responsiveness in an authoritarian parliament." American Political Science Review 104.3 (2010): 482-502.

November 6: Authoritarianism and its Institutions II: The Law

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REQUIRED

Keith E Whittington,., R. Daniel Kelemen, and Gregory A. Caldeira. "The study of law and politics." The Oxford handbook of law and politics. 2008.

Tom Ginsburg and Tamir Moustafa. (2008) Rule by law: the politics of courts in authoritarian regimes., (Introduction)

Tamer Moustafa. (2014) "Law and courts in authoritarian regimes." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 10: 281-299.1

Sahar Aziz, Independence without Accountability: The Judicial Paradox of Egypt’s Failed Transition to Democracy, 120 PENN ST. L. REV. 1 (2016)

SUPPLEMENTARY

Tamer Moustafa. The Struggle for Constitutional Power: Law, Politics and Economic Development in Egypt. Cambridge University Press, 2007, Introduction and Chapter 1

Ellis,Goldberg and Hind Ahmed Zaki. "After the Revolution: Sovereign Respect and the Rule of Law in Egypt." YB Islamic & Middle EL 16 (2010): 17.

November 13: Democracy, Democratization and Consolidation

REQUIRED Dankwart Rustow. 1970. “Transitions to Democracy: Towards a Dynamic Model.” Comparative Politics 2:337‐63.

Seymour Martin Lipset, “Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. American political science review, 53(01), (1959): pp.69-105

Barbara Geddes, “What Causes Democratization.” The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics edited by Carles Boix and Susan Stokes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007

SUPPLEMENTARY Guillermo O’Donnell and Phillipe Schimitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986: 3-72

Daron Acemoglu, and James A. Robinson. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, Selections

Carles Boix, “The Roots of Democracy,” Policy Review, February/March 2006, 3-21

November 20: Conceptualizing, Theorizing and Writing Culture in Comparative Politics

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REQUIRED Lisa Wedeen. 2002. Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science. American Political Science Review 96 4 :713‐728.

Anne Swidler, 1986 Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies," American Sociological Review 51 April : 273‐286.

Clifford Geertz. 1973. “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory of Culture in Geertz,” Clifford,ed. The Interpretation of Cultures New York: Basic Books

SUPPLEMENTARY Robert D. Putnam 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press , Chapter 1

Ronald Inglehart. 1988. The Renaissance of Political Culture. American Political Science Review 82 4 :1203‐1230.

November 27: Religion in Politics

REQUIRED Alfred Stepan. "Religion, democracy, and the" twin tolerations"." Journal of democracy 11.4 (2000): 37- 57.

Alfred Stepan. "Tunisia's transition and the twin tolerations." Journal of Democracy 23.2 (2012): 89-103.

Eva Bellin,“Faith in Politics: New Trends in the Study of Religion and Politics,” World Politics 60 (January 2008), pp. 315-‐347.

Tarek Masoud. Counting Islam: religion, class, and elections in Egypt. Cambridge University Press, 2014, Introduction (1-43) and Conclusion (207-226)

Stathis Kalyvas, “From Pulpit to Party: Party Formation and the Christian Democratic Phenomenon,” Comparative Politics 30 3, 1998.

SUPPLEMENTARY

Elizabeth Shakman Hurd, The Politics of Secularism in International Relations (Princeton University Press, 2008), Introduction

Daniel Philpot, “Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion,” American Political Science Review 101:3 (August 2007), pp. 505-¬‐525

Samer S. Shehata, "Political da῾ wa: understanding the Muslim Brotherhood’s participation in semi- authoritarian elections." Islamist Politics in the Middle East. Routledge, 2012. 134-159.

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Eva Wegner and Holger Albrecht, “Autocrats and Islamists: Contenders and Containment in Egypt and Morocco,” The Journal of North African Studies, vol. 11, no.2, June 2006, pp. 123-141.

Stathis Kalyvas. "Commitment problems in emerging democracies: The case of religious parties." Comparative Politics (2000): 379-398.

Donal Cruise O’Brian, Symbolic Confrontations: Muslim Imagining the State in Africa (Palgrave, 2003), (Selections)

December 4: How to Think About Works That Break With the Epistemological Foundations of The Comparative Method

Michael Burawoy "The extended case method." Sociological Theory 16.1 (1998): 4-33.

Timothy Mitchell, Carbon democracy: Political power in the age of oil. Verso Books, 2011, Selections

Partha Chatterjee, The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World. Columbia University Press, 2004, Selections

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