DOCSLIB.ORG

2003 Federal Register, 68 FR 28054; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2003 Federal Register, 68 FR 28054; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish And Thursday, May 22, 2003 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Five Plant Species From the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii; Final Rule VerDate Jan<31>2003 15:36 May 21, 2003 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\22MYR2.SGM 22MYR2 28054 Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 99 / Thursday, May 22, 2003 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Sesbania tomentosa. A total of during normal business hours at U.S. approximately 493 hectares (1,219 Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Fish and Wildlife Service acres) of land on Nihoa, Necker, and Islands Office, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Laysan Islands fall within the Room 3–122, P.O. Box 50088, Honolulu, 50 CFR Part 17 boundaries of the seven critical habitat HI 96850–0001. RIN 1018–AH09 units designated for the five species. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul This critical habitat designation requires Henson, Field Supervisor, Pacific Endangered and Threatened Wildlife the Service to consult under section 7 of Islands Office at the above address and Plants; Designation of Critical the Act with regard to actions carried (telephone 808/541–3441; facsimile Habitat for Five Plant Species From the out, funded, or authorized by a Federal 808/541–3470). Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii agency. Section 4 of the Act requires us SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: to consider economic and other relevant AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, impacts when specifying any particular Background Interior. area as critical habitat. We solicited data In the List of Endangered and ACTION: Final rule. and comments from the public on all Threatened Plants (50 CFR 17.12(h)), aspects of the proposed rule, including SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and there are six plant species that, at the data on economic and other impacts of Wildlife Service (Service), designate time of listing, were reported from the the designation. critical habitat pursuant to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Endangered Species Act of 1973, as DATES: This rule becomes effective on Amaranthus brownii, Pritchardia amended (Act), for five of six plant June 23, 2003. remota, and Schiedea verticillata are species known historically from the ADDRESSES: Comments and materials endemic to the NWHI, while Cenchrus Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The received, as well as supporting agrimonioides, Mariscus pennatiformis, five species are Amaranthus brownii, documentation, used in the preparation and Sesbania tomentosa are reported Mariscus pennatiformis, Pritchardia of this final rule will be available for from several other Hawaiian islands in remota, Schiedea verticillata, and public inspection, by appointment, addition to the NWHI (see Table 1). TABLE 1.—SUMMARY OF ISLAND DISTRIBUTION OF SIX SPECIES FROM THE NWHI Island distribution Species NWHI, Kahoolawe, Kauai Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Hawaii Niihau Amaranthus brownii (no common name) ........ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ Nihoa (C) Cenchrus agrimonioides (kamanomano) ........ ................ C ................ H C R Kure (H*), Laysan (H), Midway (H) Mariscus pennatiformis (no common name) .. H H ................ ................ C R Laysan (C) Pritchardia remota (loulu) ................................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ Nihoa (C), Laysan(**) Schiedea verticillata (no common name) ....... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ Nihoa (C) Sesbania tomentosa (ohai) ............................. C CCHCCNiihau (H), Kahoolawe (C), Necker (C), Nihoa (C) Key: C (Current)—occurrence last observed within the past 30 years. H (Historical)—occurrence not seen for more than 30 years. R (Reported)—reported from undocumented observations. * Cenchrus agrimonioides var. laysanensis was last observed 23 years ago. ** It has been suggested that Pritchardia remota was the species of Pritchardia once extant on Laysan; however, this is not known for certain. NWHI include Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, and Laysan, Necker, Nihoa islands. Although we considered designating The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Laysan Island, Lisianski Island, Pearl critical habitat on the NWHI for each of The NWHI are a chain of islands that and Hermes Atoll, Midway Atoll, and the six plant species, for the reasons extend along a linear path for Kure Atoll (Figure 1). They are remnants described below, the final designation approximately 1,600 kilometers (km) of once larger islands that have slowly includes critical habitat for five of six (1,000 miles (mi)) in a northwestern eroded and subsided and that exist plant species. Species that also occur on direction from Nihoa Island to Kure today as small land masses or coral other islands may have critical habitat Atoll and include the following: Nihoa atolls covering the remnants of volcanic designated on other islands in previous Island, Necker Island, French Frigate islands (Department of Geography 1998; or subsequent rulemakings. Shoals, Gardner Pinnacles, Maro Reef, Service 1998). VerDate Jan<31>2003 15:36 May 21, 2003 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\22MYR2.SGM 22MYR2 Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 99 / Thursday, May 22, 2003 / Rules and Regulations 28055 Nihoa rises approximately 274 meters Island was altered considerably in the 1986). This failed as a profitable (m) (900 feet (ft)) above sea level and past and today suffers from enormous business, and no attempt was made to has an area of approximately 69 hectares nonnative species problems (Elizabeth control the number of rabbits on the (ha) (171 acres (ac)). Its steep Flint, Service, pers. comm., 2000). island. The rabbits were finally topography and crater shape reveal its One of the six listed plants was eradicated from Laysan Island in the volcanic origin. Necker Island, less than historically known from Kure Atoll early 1920s, although not before the 92 m (300 ft) in elevation and 19 ha (46 (Cenchrus agrimonioides var. vegetation had been thoroughly ac) in area, consists of thin-layered, laysanensis), two were known from devastated. Since then, the vegetation of weathered lava flows. La Perouse Laysan (C. agrimonioides var. Laysan has recovered to a remarkable Pinnacles at French Frigate Shoals and laysanensis and Mariscus pennatiformis degree, although some species, like the ssp. bryanii), one from Midway (C. Gardner Pinnacles are the last exposed native palms (Pritchardia sp.) (lolou), agrimonioides var. laysanensis), four volcanic remnants in the archipelago. are no longer naturally extant on the French Frigate Shoals is a crescent- from Nihoa (Amaranthus brownii, Pritchardia remota, Schiedea island (Tomich 1986; E. Flint, pers. shaped atoll nearly 29 km (18 mi) comm., 2000). across. More than a dozen small sandy verticillata, and Sesbania tomentosa), islands dot the fringes of this atoll. Maro and one from Necker (Sesbania Midway Atoll was discovered and Reef is a largely submerged area marked tomentosa) (see Table 1 above). named Middlebrook Islands in 1859 by Nihoa (209 km (140 mi) from Niihau) by breakers and a few pieces of coral Captain Nick Brooks. The atoll was and Necker (an additional 290 km (180 that intermittently protrude above the taken into possession by the United mi) northwest of Nihoa) are the islands waterline. Laysan Island is States in 1867, and in 1903, President in the northwestern group that are Theodore Roosevelt placed the atoll approximately 405 ha (1,002 ac) in size closest to the main Hawaiian Islands. and fringed by a reef. In the center of the under the control of the U.S. Navy. In Both are small, residual fragments of 1935, Pan American World Airways set island is a 52 ha (129 ac) hypersaline volcanoes that formed approximately lagoon. Lisianski Island is 147 ha (364 up an airbase for the weekly Trans- 7.2 and 10.3 million years ago, Pacific Flying Clipper Seaplane service. ac) in size and bounded to the north by respectively (Service 1986). Although an extensive reef system. The central In 1941, the Japanese attacked Midway both of these islands were uninhabited Atoll on their return from the attack on lagoon once found on this island has at the time of their modern discovery in Pearl Harbor. In 1942, the United States filled with sand. Pearl and Hermes Reef, the late eighteenth century, there is an defeated the Japanese Fleet north of the an inundated atoll, includes nearly extensive heiau (indigenous place of 40,469 ha (100,000 ac) of submerged worship or shrine) complex on Necker, atoll, turning the tide of World War II reef and seven small sandy islets and agricultural terraces and other in the Pacific. In 1988, the atoll was totaling less than 34 ha (85 ac). Midway Hawaiian archaeological features can be added to the National Wildlife Refuge Atoll is approximately 8 km (5 mi) in found on Nihoa (Cleghorn 1984; (NWR) system, and in 1996, the diameter and includes three islands: Department of Geography 1998; Service jurisdiction of Midway Atoll was Sand, Eastern, and Spit. Both Sand and 1986). transferred from the U.S. Navy to the Eastern Islands have been highly altered In 1892, a guano mining business Department of the Interior (Service by man. Kure Atoll is the northernmost began operation on Laysan and 2000). Despite this evidence of human exposed land in the Hawaiian flourished until 1904. During this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conservation Triage Or Injurious Neglect in Endangered Species Recovery
    Conservation triage or injurious neglect in endangered species recovery Leah R. Gerbera,1 aCenter for Biodiversity Outcomes and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 Edited by James A. Estes, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, and approved February 11, 2016 (received for review December 23, 2015) Listing endangered and threatened species under the US Endan- the ESA is presumed to offer a defense against extinction and a gered Species Act is presumed to offer a defense against extinction solution to achieve the recovery of imperiled populations (1), but and a solution to achieve recovery of imperiled populations, but only if effective conservation action ensues after listing occurs. only if effective conservation action ensues after listing occurs. The The amount of government funding available for species amount of government funding available for species protection protection and recovery is one of the best predictors of successful and recovery is one of the best predictors of successful recovery; recovery (2–7); however, government spending is both in- however, government spending is both insufficient and highly sufficient and highly disproportionate among groups of species disproportionate among groups of species, and there is significant (8). Most species recovery plans include cost estimates—a pro- discrepancy between proposed and actualized budgets across spe- posed budget for meeting recovery goals. Previous work has cies. In light of an increasing list of imperiled species requiring demonstrated a significant discrepancy between proposed and evaluation and protection, an explicit approach to allocating recovery actualized budgets across species (9). Furthermore, the literature fundsisurgentlyneeded. Here I provide a formal decision-theoretic on formal decision theory and endangered species conservation approach focusing on return on investment as an objective and a suggests that the most efficient allocation of resources to con- transparent mechanism to achieve the desired recovery goals.
    [Show full text]
  • RESTORATION Summary
    Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission 1. RESTORATION Summary DOH Restoration Project Status Update (July 1 to Sept 30, 2019) In July 2019 the Kamehameha School teachers came out to island to outplant the last 1609 plants for a total of 10,000 in the project site. They constructed the last wattles and installed irrigation. Kamehameha School Teachers installing a wattle with native plants and irrigation. The finished wattle product with native plants on irrigation in the project site Jamie also installed a pressure reducing valve on the 1” Sub Main to reduce the pressure buildup in the line from gravity. The map illustrates the end result of wattles, native plants and irrigation installed in the DOH Project Site. Wattles, native plants and irrigation installed in the DOH project site A pressure reducing valve on the 1” sub main to alleviate high pressure blow outs in the irrigation line. Jamie also captured the secondary drone images an altitude of 50’ to compare to the original images taken in 2018. Some of the comparisons showed the installation of wattles with vegetation. Drone Image #7 2018 Drone Image #7 2019 Drone Image #7 2019 shows the installation of a wattle on the hard pan. The 1 year DOH Project was completed on August 9, 2019 and 200 volunteers put in 10,000 native plants. Although the success rate was low due to a relatively dry year, the infrastructure has been installed for future potential maintenance. Jamie operating the DJI Phantom Drone in the DOH Project Site Below are examples of before and after photopoints (#7 East West and South) in the DOH Project Site showing the additions of the wattles made from burlap and native vegetation on irrigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Tyoj5llllt . I-Bland Plants
    Recovery Plan for tYOJ5llllt. i-bland Plants RECOVERY PLAN FOR MULTI-ISLAND PLANTS Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: Date: / / As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most ofour nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values ofour national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests ofall our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Costs indicated for task implementation and/or time for achievement ofrecovery are only estimates and are subject to change. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval ofany individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, otherthan the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position ofthe U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NATIVE COASTAL PLANTS of OIAHU, HAWAIII Raymond S. Tabata Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program University of Hawaii at Manoa Ho
    321 THE NATIVE COASTAL PLANTS OF OIAHU, HAWAIII Raymond S. Tabata Sea Grant Marine Advisory program University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 INTRODUCTION The most vulnerable elements in the coastline vegetation are the endemic strand elements, which are narrow in range ..•and the endemic elements of the native dry forests, which may have extended to the coast in the leeward areas.... (Richmond & Mueller­ Dombois 1972). The demise of the Hawaiian endemic flora has been a concern for many decades. Degener (1932 et seq.), Egler (1947), and Richmond and Mueller-Dombois (1972) h~ve documented the gradual loss of native plants on O'ahu due to the impacts of agriculture, development, and introduced plants. In recent years, with in­ creased interest in Hawaiiana, the native Hawaiian environment, and coastal zone management, there has been increasing concern for native coastal plants. This is shown by several, recent pUblications written for general audiences on this subject: Arrigoni (1977, 1978), Merlin (1977), and Tabata (1979). Also, a 20-minute slide/tape program "Ni Mea Uiu Ma Kahakai a Hawaili" was produced by Kimura and Nagata (1979). For O'ahu,particular1y, there is now new information on the status of native coastal plants: Richmond and Mue1ler-Dombois (1972) on O'ahu coastline ecosystems; Fosberg and Herbst (1975) on rare and endangered plants; Herbst (1976), ErS Corp. (1977), and Miura and Sato (1978) on the Barber's Point Deep-Draft Harbor site; Stemmermann (1977) on Hawaiian sandalwoods (Santalum spp.); Degener and Degener (1978) on the lohai (Sesbania spp.); Elliott and Hall (1978) on the Kahuku area; Char and Balakrishnan (1979) on the 'Ewa ·Plains flora; Gardner (1979) on nehe (LiEochaeta spp.); and Kimura and Nagata (19frO) on endangered coastal envi­ ronments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
    Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance Document Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide
    GUIDANCE DOCUMENT Recovery of Native Plant Communities and Ecological Processes Following Removal of Non-native, Invasive Ungulates from Pacific Island Forests Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide SERDP Project RC-2433 JULY 2018 Creighton Litton Rebecca Cole University of Hawaii at Manoa Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank 47 Page Intentionally Left Blank 1. Ferns & Fern Allies Order: Polypodiales Family: Aspleniaceae (Spleenworts) Asplenium peruvianum var. insulare – fragile fern (Endangered) Delicate ENDEMIC plants usually growing in cracks or caves; largest pinnae usually <6mm long, tips blunt, uniform in shape, shallowly lobed, 2-5 lobes on acroscopic side. Fewer than 5 sori per pinna. Fronds with distal stipes, proximal rachises ocassionally proliferous . d b a Asplenium trichomanes subsp. densum – ‘oāli’i; maidenhair spleenwort Plants small, commonly growing in full sunlight. Rhizomes short, erect, retaining many dark brown, shiny old stipe bases.. Stipes wiry, dark brown – black, up to 10cm, shiny, glabrous, adaxial surface flat, with 2 greenish ridges on either side. Pinnae 15-45 pairs, almost sessile, alternate, ovate to round, basal pinnae smaller and more widely spaced.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Biology of the Brown Noddy on Tern Island, Hawaii
    Wilson Bull., 108(2), 1996, pp. 317-334 BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE BROWN NODDY ON TERN ISLAND, HAWAII JENNIFER L. MEGYESI’ AND CURTICE R. GRIFFINS ABSTRACT.-we observed Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus pileatus) breeding phenology and population trends on Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii, from 1982 to 1992. Peaks of laying ranged from the first week in January to the first week in November; however, most laying occurred between March and September each year. Incubation length was 34.8 days (N = 19, SD = 0.6, range = 29-37 days). There were no differences in breeding pairs between the measurements of the first egg laid and successive eggs laid within a season. The proportion of light- and dark-colored chicks was 26% and 74%, respectively (N = 221) and differed from other Brown Noddy colonies studied in Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The length of time between clutches depended on whether the previous outcome was a failed clutch or a successfully fledged chick. Hatching, fledging, and reproductive success were significantly different between years. The subspecies (A. s. pihtus) differs in many aspects of its breeding biology from other colonies in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, in regard to year-round occurrence at the colony, frequent renesting attempts, large egg size, proportion of light and dark colored chicks, and low reproductive success caused by in- clement weather and predation by Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor). Received 31 Mar., 1995, accepted 5 Dec. 1995. The Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus) is the largest and most widely distributed of the tropical and subtropical tern species (Cramp 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Diversity Estimates for Three Native Subalpine Plant
    ARTHROPOD DIVERSITY ESTIMATES FOR THREE NATIVE SUBALPINE PLANT SPECIES ON THE MAUNAKEA VOLCANO OF HAWAI‘I ISLAND A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT HILO IN PARTIAL FULFULLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TROPICAL CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2016 By Heather Stever Thesis Committee: Jesse Eiben, Chairperson Ryan Perroy Paul Selmants Keywords: Arthropods, Endemic, Hawai‘i, Insects, Maunakea, Subalpine Acknowledgements I am immensely grateful for the knowledge, advice, support, and funding that I received from the many people and organizations that helped to make this project possible. I would like to especially thank my academic advisor, Jesse Eiben, the University of Hawai‘i at Hilo Office of Maunakea Management, and the Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science faculty and students. I would also like to thank, in alphabetical order, Nina Buchanan, Jessica Kirkpatrick, Frederick Klasner, Devin Leopold, Stephanie Nagata, Julien Pétillon, Ryan Perroy, Daniel Rubinoff, Esther Sebastián-González, Paul Selmants, Marleena Sheffield, Michael Shintaku, Andrew Stever, Amber Stillman, and Darcy Yogi. ii Abstract Terrestrial arthropods are among the most abundant and diverse animals on Earth, especially in Hawai‘i where they constitute the vast majority of endemic fauna and play crucial roles in nearly every habitat throughout the islands. Arthropod surveys and inventories are useful methods for documenting arthropod diversity, but studying arthropods can be extremely difficult. Arthropod collection is often taxing because many species are very mobile and exist in harsh climates or on terrain that is difficult to access. Arthropod identification can also be challenging since many arthropods are remarkably small with complex morphologies and diverse life histories.
    [Show full text]
  • Papahānaumokuākea United States of America
    PAPAHĀNAUMOKUĀKEA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Papahānaumokuākea is the name given to a vast and isolated linear cluster of small, low lying islands and atolls, with their surrounding ocean, extending some 1,931 km to the north west of the main Hawaiian Archipelago, located in the north-central Pacific Ocean. The property comprises the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), which extends almost 2,000 km from southeast to northwest in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). COUNTRY United States of America NAME Papahānaumokuākea MIXED WORLD HERITAGE SITE 2010: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under cultural criteria (iii) and (vi) and natural criteria (viii), (ix) and (x). STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE The UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued the following Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscription: Brief Synthesis The property includes a significant portion of the Hawai’i-Emperor hotspot trail, constituting an outstanding example of island hotspot progression. Much of the property is made up of pelagic and deepwater habitats, with notable features such as seamounts and submerged banks, extensive coral reefs, lagoons and 14 km2 emergent lands distributed between a number of eroded high islands, pinnacles, atoll islands and cays. With a total area of around 362,075 km2 it is one of the largest marine protected areas in the world. The geomorphological history and isolation of the archipelago have led to the development of an extraordinary range of habitats and features, including an extremely high degree of endemism. Largely as a result of its isolation, marine ecosystems and ecological processes are virtually intact, leading to exceptional biomass accumulated in large apex predators.
    [Show full text]
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm
    Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership.
    [Show full text]
  • HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S
    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CRREL) - 2013 Ratings Lichvar, R.W. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. Scientific Name Common Name Hawaii Status South Pacific Agrostis canina FACU Velvet Bent Islands Status Agrostis capillaris UPL Colonial Bent Abelmoschus moschatus FAC Musk Okra Agrostis exarata FACW Spiked Bent Abildgaardia ovata FACW Flat-Spike Sedge Agrostis hyemalis FAC Winter Bent Abrus precatorius FAC UPL Rosary-Pea Agrostis sandwicensis FACU Hawaii Bent Abutilon auritum FACU Asian Agrostis stolonifera FACU Spreading Bent Indian-Mallow Ailanthus altissima FACU Tree-of-Heaven Abutilon indicum FAC FACU Monkeybush Aira caryophyllea FACU Common Acacia confusa FACU Small Philippine Silver-Hair Grass Wattle Albizia lebbeck FACU Woman's-Tongue Acaena exigua OBL Liliwai Aleurites moluccanus FACU Indian-Walnut Acalypha amentacea FACU Alocasia cucullata FACU Chinese Taro Match-Me-If-You-Can Alocasia macrorrhizos FAC Giant Taro Acalypha poiretii UPL Poiret's Alpinia purpurata FACU Red-Ginger Copperleaf Alpinia zerumbet FACU Shellplant Acanthocereus tetragonus UPL Triangle Cactus Alternanthera ficoidea FACU Sanguinaria Achillea millefolium UPL Common Yarrow Alternanthera sessilis FAC FACW Sessile Joyweed Achyranthes
    [Show full text]
  • *Wagner Et Al. --Intro
    NUMBER 60, 58 pages 15 September 1999 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS HAWAIIAN VASCULAR PLANTS AT RISK: 1999 WARREN L. WAGNER, MARIE M. BRUEGMANN, DERRAL M. HERBST, AND JOEL Q.C. LAU BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU Printed on recycled paper Cover illustration: Lobelia gloria-montis Rock, an endemic lobeliad from Maui. [From Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of flowering plants of Hawai‘i, pl. 57.] A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1998 Research publications of Bishop Museum are issued irregularly in the RESEARCH following active series: • Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. A series of short papers PUBLICATIONS OF describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. Publications containing larger, monographic works are issued in BISHOP MUSEUM four areas: • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology Numbering by volume of Occasional Papers ceased with volume 31. Each Occasional Paper now has its own individual number starting with Number 32. Each paper is separately paginated. The Museum also publishes Bishop Museum Technical Reports, a series containing information relative to scholarly research and collections activities. Issue is authorized by the Museum’s Scientific Publications Committee, but manuscripts do not necessarily receive peer review and are not intended as formal publications. Institutions and individuals may subscribe to any of the above or pur- chase separate publications from Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135; fax: (808) 841-8968; email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchanging publications should write to: Library Exchange Program, Bishop Museum Library, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA; fax: (808) 848-4133; email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]