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Distribution and Quantitative Analysis of Cidea and Cidec in Broiler Chickens: Accounting for Differential Fat Deposition Between Strains

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Distribution and Quantitative Analysis of Cidea and Cidec in Broiler Chickens: Accounting for Differential Fat Deposition Between Strains British Poultry Science ISSN: 0007-1668 (Print) 1466-1799 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbps20 Distribution and quantitative analysis of CIDEa and CIDEc in broiler chickens: accounting for differential fat deposition between strains JZ. Huang, LM. Huang, QJ Zeng, EF. Huang, HP. Liang, Q. Wei, XH. Xie & JM. Ruan To cite this article: JZ. Huang, LM. Huang, QJ Zeng, EF. Huang, HP. Liang, Q. Wei, XH. Xie & JM. Ruan (2017): Distribution and quantitative analysis of CIDEa and CIDEc in broiler chickens: accounting for differential fat deposition between strains, British Poultry Science, DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1415426 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1415426 Accepted author version posted online: 08 Dec 2017. Published online: 20 Dec 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 7 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cbps20 Download by: [RMIT University Library] Date: 23 December 2017, At: 01:09 BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1415426 Distribution and quantitative analysis of CIDEa and CIDEc in broiler chickens: accounting for differential fat deposition between strains JZ. Huanga, LM. Huangb, QJ Zenga, EF. Huangc, HP. Lianga, Q. Weia, XH. Xiea and JM. Ruana aJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P. R. China; bCollege of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China; cDepartment of Animal Science, Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang, P. R. China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY 1. Differences in the expression of CIDEa and CIDEc in 20 different tissues were examined. Both Received 28 July 2017 CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA transcripts were predominantly but variably expressed in white adipose Accepted 4 November 2017 tissue (WAT) but were also expressed at moderate levels in the kidney and liver and at lower levels KEYWORDS CIDEa CIDEc in the ovary. Interestingly, among WAT types, both and were expressed at the lowest Chicken; CIDEa; CIDEc; levels in heart coronary WAT. expression pattern; fat 2. To better understand the roles of CIDEa and CIDEc in the fat deposition of broiler chickens, the deposition differences in lipid droplet (LD) size and mRNA levels of CIDEa and CIDEc between lean-type and fat- type broiler chicken lines were studied. LD sizes were larger in fat-type broiler lines, and CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA levels in white adipose, kidney and liver tissues were significantly higher in fat-type broiler lines than in their lean counterparts. 3. Developmental expression patterns of CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA were analysed in different tissue types (WAT, liver and kidney) in Arbor Acres broiler chickens, and CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA expression levels increased during sequential developmental stages, achieving peak expression levels at week 6. 4. These observations suggest that the functions of CIDEa and CIDEc reflect inherent characteristics of lipid metabolism that contribute to the differences in fat deposition between strains. The results in this study contribute to a more robust understanding of the tissue distribution and expression patterns of CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA and facilitate further research concerning the molecular mechanism underlying fat deposition in broiler chickens. Introduction WT mice (Toh et al. 2008; Xu et al. 2012; Zhou et al. 2015). In contrast, CIDEc gene and its mRNA transcripts are CIDE (cell death–inducing DNA fragmentation factor 45- predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, followed by like effector) family proteins, including CIDEa, CIDEb and lung tissue and the gut in neonatal and adult cattle (Wang CIDEc/fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), consist of an evolu- et al. 2013). CIDEc is also highly expressed in porcine WAT, tionarily conserved CIDE-N domain that shares sequence as well as brain, small intestine and lymph, whereas it is homology with DNA fragmentation factor 40/45 (DFF40/ expressed at low levels in the kidney and stomach (Li et al. 45) (Inohara et al. 1998) and a unique CIDE-C domain that 2009). is conserved among CIDE family proteins (Wu et al. 2008). Although generally related to pro-apoptotic proteins, CIDEa and CIDEc/Fsp27 are two essential players within CIDEa and CIDEc may be involved in lipid or fat metabo- Downloaded by [RMIT University Library] at 01:09 23 December 2017 the CIDE family. The CIDE proteins have distinct tissue lism. The CIDE family proteins are lipid droplet (LD)-asso- expression patterns, and previous studies have reported that ciated proteins that modulate various aspects of lipid CIDEa is expressed at low levels in white adipose tissue metabolic processes, including lipolysis, thermogenesis and (WAT) but highly expressed in brown adipose tissue TAG storage in BAT and in WAT, as well as fatty acid (BAT) in healthy wild-type (WT) mice (Zhou et al. 2003; oxidation and lipogenesis in the liver (Wu et al. 2008;Xu Gummesson et al. 2007; Abreu-Vieira et al. 2016). CIDEa et al. 2012). This class of proteins has also been shown to be mRNA is expressed at low levels in the spleen, liver and closely associated with LD formation, lipid storage and the heart in pigs (Li et al. 2009), whereas in humans, CIDEa is development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, dia- highly enriched in BAT and WATs, with little or no expres- betes and liver steatosis (Gong et al. 2009; Xu et al. 2012). sion in other tissues (Abreu-Vieira et al. 2016). Specific and CIDEa promotes adipose tissue expansion and lipid storage high levels of CIDEa expression have also been detected in in WT mice (Abreu-Vieira et al. 2016), and the genetic the mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation; and ablation of CIDEa results in a lean phenotype accompanied CIDEa deficiency results in reduced lipid secretion in milk by the accumulation of many smaller LDs, enhanced insulin and poor neonatal survival rates (Wang et al. 2012). Fsp27 sensitivity and resistance to diet-induced obesity (Zhou is almost exclusively found in white adipocytes and is et al. 2003; Montastier et al. 2014; Wu et al. 2014). CIDEc/ expressed at moderate levels in brown adipocytes in healthy CONTACT JM. Ruan [email protected] Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China JZ Huang and LM Huang contributed equally to this work © 2017 British Poultry Science Ltd 2 J. HUANG ET AL. Fsp27, a close homologue of CIDEa (Wu et al. 2008), (Ningdu, China) and given ad libitum access to standard promotes lipid exchange among LDs in close physical con- growth diet and water. Blood was collected from each tact, as well as the fusion of smaller LDs to form a larger LD chicken by wing vein puncture. Serum was obtained by (Gong et al. 2011). Fsp27 also cooperates with Perilipin1, centrifuging coagulated blood at 3000 g for 10 min and another adipocyte-specific LD-associated protein to pro- stored at −20°C. Broiler chickens were killed by bloodletting mote LD growth and unilocular LD formation in white and 20 tissue samples were freshly collected and immedi- adipocytes (Sun et al. 2013). CIDEc has also been reported ately frozen in liquid nitrogen. All samples were stored at to be expressed in human subcutaneous adipocytes located −80°C until RNA isolation was performed. At the same on the surface of LDs (Li et al. 2010), and CIDEc expression time, jugular subcutaneous fat (jWAT) was fixed in 10% increases in hepatic tissue in obese humans (Hall et al. formalin buffer for histological analysis. All experimental 2010). These studies suggest that the CIDEa and CIDEc procedures followed a protocol approved by the Jiangxi genes play critical roles in modulating lipid storage and Agricultural University Animal Care and Use Committee. the development of metabolic diseases. Despite many previous studies of CIDEa and CIDEc in mice, livestock and human, few studies have been per- Biochemical index examination in serum formed on chickens. The Sanhuang (SH) broiler chicken is a typical lean Chinese indigenous breed that displays uni- Serum triglyceride concentrations were measured using an form fat in body, high intramuscular fat levels and excellent enzymatic/colorimetric GPO-PAP kit (Dongou, China) fol- ’ meat quality; however, it has a slower growth rate inferior to lowing the manufacturer s instructions. Serum cholesterol that of Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens, a genetically levels were determined with a total cholesterol assay kit obese breed. In contrast, AA chickens demonstrate less- (Jiancheng, China). Serum concentrations of HDL were desirable meat quality characteristics due to excessive determined using a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol abdominal lipid accumulation (Zhao et al. 2010). Thus, assay kit (Jiancheng, China). Serum concentrations of LDL these two strains of broiler chickens are ideal models for were measured with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol studying the differences in fat deposition underlying their assay kit (Jiancheng, China). phenotypic differences. To better understand the roles of the CIDEa and CIDEc genes in the lipid metabolism of broiler chickens, we per- RNA isolation and mRNA quantification formed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to investi- Total RNA was extracted from the individual tissues of all gate the expression profiles of these genes in various tissues broilers using Trizol reagent (Takara, Tokyo, Japan), from AA broiler chickens. The developmental expression according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The RNA pattern of CIDEa and CIDEc was studied in various tissues samples were subjected to electrophoresis in a 1.2% agarose from broiler chickens. Differences in the expression of the gel containing ethidium bromide to verify their integrity.
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