FAMILY Soleidae Bonaparte, 1833 - true soles [=Soleini, Synapturiniae (Synapturinae), Brachirinae, Heteromycterina, Pardachirinae, Aseraggodinae, Aseraggodinae] Notes: Soleini Bonaparte 1833: Fasc. 4, puntata 22 [ref. 516] (subfamily) Solea Synapturniae [Synapturinae] Jordan & Starks, 1906:227 [ref. 2532] (subfamily) Synaptura [von Bonde 1922:21 [ref. 520] also used Synapturniae; stem corrected to Synaptur- by Jordan 1923a:170 [ref. 2421], confirmed by Chabanaud 1927:2 [ref. 782] and by Lindberg 1971:204 [ref. 27211]; senior objective synonym of Brachirinae Ogilby, 1916] Brachirinae Ogilby, 1916:136 [ref. 3297] (subfamily) Brachirus Swainson [junior objective synonym of Synapturinae Jordan & Starks, 1906, invalid, Article 61.3.2] Heteromycterina Chabanaud, 1930a:5, 20 [ref. 784] (section) Heteromycteris Pardachirinae Chabanaud, 1937:36 [ref. 793] (subfamily) Pardachirus Aseraggodinae Ochiai, 1959:154 [ref. 32996] (subfamily) Aseraggodus [unavailable publication] Aseraggodinae Ochiai, 1963:20 [ref. 7982] (subfamily) Aseraggodus

GENUS Achiroides Bleeker, 1851 - true soles [=Achiroides Bleeker [P.], 1851:262, Eurypleura Kaup [J. J.], 1858:100] Notes: [ref. 325]. Masc. Plagusia melanorhynchus Bleeker, 1851. Type by monotypy. Apparently appeared first as Achiroïdes melanorhynchus Blkr. = Plagusia melanorhynchus Blkr." Species described earlier in same journal as P. melanorhynchus (also spelled melanorhijnchus). Diagnosis provided in Bleeker 1851:404 [ref. 6831] in same journal with second species leucorhynchos added. •Valid as Achiroides Bleeker, 1851 -- (Kottelat 1989:20 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:183 [ref. 6439], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Kottelat 2013:463 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Achiroides Bleeker, 1851. Soleidae. (Eurypleura) [ref. 2578]. Fem. Plagusia melanorhynchus Bleeker, 1851. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded substitute for Achiroides Bleeker, 1851. •Objective synonym of Achiroides Bleeker, 1851 -- (Kottelat 2013:463 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Achiroides Bleeker, 1851. Soleidae.

Species Achiroides leucorhynchos Bleeker, 1851 - leucorhynchos slole [=Achiroides leucorhynchos Bleeker [P.], 1851:411, Synaptura achira Duncher [G.], 1904:168] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 6831] Surakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Achiroides leucorhynchos Bleeker, 1851. Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (achira) [Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 21; ref. 5560] Sukakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Achiroides leucorhynchos Bleeker, 1851. Soleidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Achiroides melanorhynchus (Bleeker, 1850) - melanorhynchus sole [=Plagusia melanorhynchus Bleeker [P.], 1850:15] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 16884] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Achiroides melanorhynchus (Bleeker, 1850). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

GENUS Aesopia Kaup, 1858 - true soles [=Aesopia Kaup [J. J.], 1858:97, Coryphaesopia Chabanaud [P.], 1930:17] Notes: [ref. 2578]. Fem. Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Günther 1862:487 [ref. 1970]. •Valid as Aesopia Kaup, 1858 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:869 [ref. 5665], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:203 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:322 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1842 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Aesopia Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. (Coryphaesopia) [ref. 784]. Fem. Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Aesopia Kaup, 1858 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:203 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:322 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Synonym of Aesopia Kaup, 1858. Soleidae.

Species Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858 - unicorn sole [=Aesopia cornuta Kaup [J. J.], 1858:98, Coryphaesopia cornuta barnardi Chabanaud [P.], 1934:430] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] British Indies [India, Indian Ocean]. Current status: Valid as Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine. (barnardi) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 59; ref. 791] Off Amatikulu Hill, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 26 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858 - true soles [=Aseraggodes Kaup [J. J.], 1858:103, Beaufortella Chabanaud [P.], 1943:291, Coryphillus Chabanaud [P.], 1931:302, Parachirus Matsubara [K.] & Ochiai [A.], 1963:93] Notes: [ref. 2578]. Masc. Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Evermann 1898:2694 [ref. 2445]. Misspelled Aserragodes in literature. •Valid as Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Randall & Meléndez C. 1987 [ref. 9173], Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Allen 1991:206 [ref. 21090], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:188 [ref. 21500], Gomon et al. 1994:860 [ref. 22532], Li & Wang 1995:293 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Randall 2002:252 [ref. 26248], Randall & Bartsch 2005:125 [ref. 28374], Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28892], Randall & Gon 2006:165 [ref. 28662], Hoese & Bray 2006:1842 [ref. 29000], Randall & Senou 2007:303 [ref. 29156], Park et al. 2007:77 [ref. 29188], Randall & Bartsch 2007:105 [ref. 29373], Randall & Allen 2007:109 [ref. 29913], Randall & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:303 [ref. 29399], Gomon 2008:817 [ref. 30616], Randall et al 2013:1 [ref. 32941]). Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. (Beaufortella) [ref. 799]. Fem. Achirus abnormis Weber & de Beaufort, 1929. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Aserragodes Kaup, 1858 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:192 [ref. 21500]). Current status: Synonym of Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. (Coryphillus) [ref. 785]. Masc. Aseraggodes filiger Weber, 1913. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Coryphillus Chabanaud, 1931 -- (Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314]). •Synonym of Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858, based on placement of type species -- (Randall 2002:252 [ref. 26248]). Current status: Synonym of Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. (Parachirus) [ref. 2908]. Masc. Parachirus xenicus Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Parachirus Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:871 [ref. 5665]). •Synonym of Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858 -- (Randall 2005:193 [ref. 28892], Randall & Gon 2006:166 [ref. 28662], Randall & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:303 [ref. 29399]). Current status: Synonym of Aseraggodes Kaup, 1858. Soleidae.

Species Aseraggodes albidus Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - albidus sole [=Aseraggodes albidus Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:305, Fig. 1] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Lembeh Strait, off Kungkungan Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia, depth 15 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes albidus Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Sulawesi (one specimen). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes andersoni Randall & Bogorodsky, in Randall et al., 2013 - Anderson's sole [=Aseraggodes andersoni Randall [J. E.] & Bogorodsky [S. V.], in Randall, Bogorodsky & Mal, 2013:6, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 8; ref. 32941] North Malé Atoll, North Malé Island, east end of island off building of Marine Research Section, Ministry of Fisheries, outer surge zone of seaward reef, Republic of Maldives, depth 1-1.5 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes andersoni Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013. Soleidae. Distribution: Maldives. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes auroculus Randall, 2005 - Randall's sole [=Aseraggodes auroculus Randall [J. E.], 2005:195, Fig. 2] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Moorea, off northwestern coast, 17°31'00"S, 149°555'30"E, Society Islands, depth 18-24 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes auroculus Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Society Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes bahamondei Randall & Melendez, 1987 - South Pacific sole [=Aseraggodes bahamondei Randall [J. E.] & Meléndez C. [R.], 1987:99, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 27; ref. 9173] Off Mataveri O Tai near southern end of western coast, Easter Island, depth 20 feet. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes bahamondei Randall & Meléndez C., 1987. Soleidae. Distribution: South Pacific: Lord Howe Island east to Desaventurados Islands (Chile). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes beauforti Chabanaud, 1930 - Beaufort's sole [=Aseraggodes beauforti Chabanaud [P.], 1930:189] Notes: [Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) v. 13 (no. 3-4); ref. 16264] Timor Sea, 10°27.9'S, 123°28.7'W, Siboga station 302, depth 216 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes beauforti Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae. Distribution: Timor Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes borehami Randall, 1996 - Boreham's sole [=Aseraggodes borehami Randall [J. E.], 1996:429, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Pacific Science v. 50 (no. 4); ref. 21993] In cave off channel entrance at northeast end of Kane'ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, depth 29 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes borehami Randall, 1996. Soleidae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes brevirostris Randall & Gon, 2006 - shortnose sole [=Aseraggodes brevirostris Randall [J. E.] & Gon [O.], 2006:170, Fig. 1] Notes: [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 51 (no. 3); ref. 28662] Off Al Almal Hotel, just east of Matsumudu, 12°09'30"S, 44°24'E, Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands, depth 6-18 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes brevirostris Randall & Gon, 2006. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Comoro Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes chapleaui Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - Chapleau's sole [=Aseraggodes chapleaui Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:309, Fig. 3] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Rausch Pass, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, depth 30 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes chapleaui Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Papua New Guinea and Raja Ampat Islands (West Papua, Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes cheni Randall & Senou, 2007 - Chen's sole [=Aseraggodes cheni Randall [J. E.] & Senou [H.], 2007:304, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 29156] Seven-star Rock, 21°45.5'N, 120°49.4'E, Taiwan, depth 48 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes cheni Randall & Senou, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes corymbus Randall & Bartsch, 2007 - corymbus sole [=Aseraggodes corymbus Randall [J. E.] & Bartsch [P.], 2007:107, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin v. 83 (no. 2); ref. 29373] Gulf of Carpentaria, 17°25'S, 140°10'E, Queensland, Australia, depth 10 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes corymbus Randall & Bartsch, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes crypticus Randall & Allen, 2007 - cryptic sole [=Aseraggodes crypticus Randall [J. E.] & Allen [G. R.], 2007:110, Fig. 1] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29913] Christmas Island, 10°26'S, 105°40'E, Indian Ocean, depth 16-18 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes crypticus Randall & Allen, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Christmas Island, Indian Ocean (2 specimens). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes cyaneus (Alcock, 1890) - Alcock's aseraggodes [=Solea cyanea Alcock [A. W.], 1890:439] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 36) (art. 52); ref. 86] Off Ganjam coast, Investigator station 79, depth 33 fathoms, and off Vizagapatam coast, Investigator, depth 20-25 fathoms, India. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes cyaneus (Alcock, 1890). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes cyclurus Randall, 2005 - cyclurus sole [=Aseraggodes cyclurus Randall [J. E.], 2005:198, Fig. 6] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Papara, Teavaraa Pass, Tahiti, Society Islands, depth 27.5 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes cyclurus Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Society Islands [provisional specimen form Fiji]. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes diringeri (Quero, 1997) - Quero's sole [=Parachirus diringeri Quéro [J.-C.], 1997:320, Fig. 1] Notes: [Cybium v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 23236] Cape Homard, Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 22 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes diringeri (Quéro, 1997). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, South Africa and western Mascarenes east to Chagos Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes dubius Weber, 1913 - Weber's aseraggodes [=Aseraggodes dubius Weber [M.], 1913:438, Fig. 82] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Java Sea, 6°16.5'S, 114°37'E, Siboga station 319, depth 82 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes dubius Weber, 1913. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: South China Sea, Timor Sea and Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes filiger Weber, 1913 - filiger sole [=Aseraggodes filiger Weber [M.], 1913:436, Pl. 11 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Buka Bucht, Rotti Island, Siboga station 299, depth 34 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes filiger Weber, 1913. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Aseraggodes firmisquamis Randall & Bartsch, 2005 - firmisquamis sole [=Aseraggodes firmisquamis Randall [J. E.] & Bartsch [P.], 2005:134, Fig. 6] Notes: [Micronesica v. 38 (no. 1); ref. 28374] Outside barrier reef southwest of Koror, Palau, depth 6 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes firmisquamis Randall & Bartsch, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Palau. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858 - Kaup's sole [=Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup [J. J.], 1858:103] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] [Not specified] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Réunion (western Mascarenes) and Maldives east to South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes haackeana (Steindachner, 1883) - Southern sole [=Solea (Achirus) haackeana Steindachner [F.], 1883:195, Solea textilis Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.], 1886:6] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 20 (no. 22); ref. 20488] St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes haackeanus (Steindachner, 1883). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia: South Australia and Western Australia. Habitat: marine. (textilis) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 18604] Gulf of St. Vincent, 10 miles west of Glenelg Jetty, South Australia. Current status: Synonym of Aseraggodes haackeanus (Steindachner, 1883). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. Species Aseraggodes heemstrai Randall & Gon, 2006 - Heemstra's sole [=Aseraggodes heemstrai Randall [J. E.] & Gon [O.], 2006:177, Figs. 6-7] Notes: [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 51 (no. 3); ref. 28662] Aliwal Shoal, 30°15'S, 30°49'E, Clives Reef, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 27 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes heemstrai Randall & Gon, 2006. Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes heraldi Randall & Bartsch, 2005 - Herald's sole [=Aseraggodes heraldi Randall [J. E.] & Bartsch [P.], 2005:129, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Micronesica v. 38 (no. 1); ref. 28374] Outer reef flat, Kwajalein Island, Kwajalein Atoll [Ralik Chain], Marshall Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes heraldi Randall & Bartsch, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Marshall Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes herrei Seale, 1940 - Herre's sole [=Aseraggodes herrei Seale [A.], 1940:12, Pl. 2] Notes: [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 12332] Post Office Bay, Santa María Island [Charles Island], Galápagos Islands. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes herrei Seale, 1940. Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes holcomi Randall, 2002 - Holcom's sole [=Aseraggodes holcomi Randall [J. E.], 2002:248, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Pacific Science v. 56 (no. 3); ref. 26248] Off Ala Moana Beach Park, near a rock wall, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, depth 0.6 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes holcomi Randall, 2002. Soleidae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes jenny Randall & Gon, 2006 - jenny sole [=Aseraggodes jenny Randall [J. E.] & Gon [O.], 2006:182, Fig 8] Notes: [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 51 (no. 3); ref. 28662] Off Flic en Flac, 20°15'S, 57°22'E, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 8-15 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes jenny Randall & Gon, 2006. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius (Mascarenes endemic). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes kaiana (Gunther, 1880) - Gunther's aseraggodes [=Solea kaiana Günther [A.], 1880:49, Pl. 21 (fig. C)] Notes: [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Kai Islands, Indonesia, Arafura Sea, Challenger station 192, depth 129 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes kaianus (Günther, 1880). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Arafura Sea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes kimurai Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - Kimura's sole [=Aseraggodes kimurai Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:312, Fig. 7] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Dumaguete fish market, Negros, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes kimurai Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Philippines and Papua Nea Guinea. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes kobensis (Steindachner, 1896) - Kobe sole [=Solea (Achirus) kobensis Steindachner [F.], 1896:218] Notes: [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 11; ref. 14618] Kobe, Japan. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes kobensis (Steindachner, 1896). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes kruppi Randall & Bogorodsky, in Randall et al., 2013 - Krupp's sole [=Aseraggodes kruppi Randall [J. E.] & Bogorodsky [S. V.], in Randall, Bogorodsky & Mal, 2013:7, Fig. 2] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 8; ref. 32941] Unnamed small island off Qunfudhah, east side, 19°16.813’N, 40°53.265’E, coral patch near outer edge of fringing reef, Saudia Arabia, Red Sea, depth 2. meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes kruppi Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013. Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes lateralis Randall, 2005 - lateralis sole [=Aseraggodes lateralis Randall [J. E.], 2005:199, Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands, depth 4.5-9 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes lateralis Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes lenisquamis Randall, 2005 - lenisquamis sole [=Aseraggodes lenisquamis Randall [J. E.], 2005:201, Fig. 9] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Camp Cove, 33°50'S, 151°17'E, Sydney Harbor. New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes lenisquamis Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes longipinnis Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - longfin sole [=Aseraggodes longipinnis Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:314, Fig. 8] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Nil Desperandum Reef, 6°37'S, 129°47'E, Banda, Indonesia, depth 9 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes longipinnis Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Banda, Indonesia (one specimen). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes macronasus Randall & Bogorodsky, in Randall et al., 2013 - macronasus sole [=Aseraggodes macronasus Randall [J. E.] & Bogorodsky [S. V.], in Randall, Bogorodsky & Mal, 2013:10, Figs. 4-6] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 8; ref. 32941] Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt, Dahab, dive site, "lighthouse", 28°29’54.94"N, 34°31’11.71"E, coral reef, depth 5 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes macronasus Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013. Soleidae. Distribution: Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes magnoculus Randall, 2005 - magnoculus sole [=Aseraggodes magnoculus Randall [J. E.], 2005:203, Fig. 10] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Isle Ua, 22°42'40"S, 166°48'50"E, New Caledonia, depth 9-18 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes magnoculus Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes martine Randall & Bogorodsky, in Randall et al., 2013 - martine sole [=Aseraggodes martine Randall [J. E.] & Bogorodsky [S. V.], in Randall, Bogorodsky & Mal, 2013:13, Fig. 7-9] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 8; ref. 32941] Lakshadweep (Laccadive Islands), Andrott Island, lagoon, sand bottom, India, depth 1.5 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes martine Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013. Soleidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes matsuurai Randall & Desoutter-Meninger, 2007 - Matsuura's sole [=Aseraggodes matsuurai Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:315, Figs. 9-10] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Northeast coast of Kodek Bay, Lombok, Indonesia, depth 15 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes matsuurai Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes melanostictus (Peters, 1877) - mottled sole [=Solea (Achirus) melanosticta Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1877:845] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] Bougainville Island, depth 40 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes melanostictus (Peters, 1877). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes microlepidotus Weber, 1913 - microlepidotus sole [=Aseraggodes microlepidotus Weber [M.], 1913:438, Pl. 11 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Saleh Bay, Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, 8°19'S, 117°41'E, Siboga station 312, depth 274 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes microlepidotus Weber, 1913. Soleidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes nigrocirratus Randall, 2005 - nigrocirratus sole [=Aseraggodes nigrocirratus Randall [J. E.], 2005:205, Fig. 12] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Southeast of Evans Head, off Iluka, 29°20'S, 153°29'E, New South Wales, Australia, depth 40-51 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes nigrocirratus Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Australia. Habitat: marine. Species Aseraggodes normani Chabanaud, 1930 - Norman's sole [=Aseraggodes normani Chabanaud [P.], 1930:241] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 5 (no. 26); ref. 16074] Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes normani Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae. Distribution: Queensland and Northern Terratory, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes orientalis Randall & Senou, 2007 - oriental sole [=Aseraggodes orientalis Randall [J. E.] & Senou [H.], 2007:307, Fig. 5] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 29156] Shikoku, between Shirahama and Kinohana, east of Kashima-jima, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, depth 3 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes orientalis Randall & Senou, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes pelvicus Randall, 2005 - pelvicus sole [=Aseraggodes pelvicus Randall [J. E.], 2005:208, Fig. 14] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 28892] Gilette Cay, Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes pelvicus Randall, 2005. Soleidae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes ramsaii (Ogilby, 1889) - Ramsa's sole [=Solea ramsaii Ogilby [J. D.], 1889:70, Pl. 3 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney No. 2 (art. no. 3); ref. 18489] Lord Howe Island. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes ramsaii (Ogilby, 1889). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. Species Aseraggodes satapoomini Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - Satapoomin's sole [=Aseraggodes satapoomini Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:318, Fig. 13] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] West coast, Ko Racha Noi, southeast end of Thailand, 7°28'16"N, 98°19'35"E, Andaman Sea, depth 1.5-9 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes satapoomini Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Similan Islands, Andaman Sea (one specimen). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes senoui Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - Senou's sole [=Aseraggodes senoui Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:320, Figs. 14-15] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Mabul Island, Malaysia [off southeastern Sabah, Malaysia, Sulawesi Sea, western Pacific, ca. 4°15'N, 118°38'E], depth 17 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes senoui Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Mabul Island, Sabah, Malaysia (one specimen). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes sinusarabici Chabanaud, 1931 - Sinusarabic's sole [=Aseraggodes sinusarabici Chabanaud [P.], 1931:296] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 56; ref. 785] Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Red Sea, 29°11'N, 32°55'E. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes sinusarabici Chabanaud, 1931. Soleidae. Distribution: Gulf of Aden (northwestern Indian Ocean) and Red Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes steinitzi Joglekar, 1971 - Joglekar's sole [=Aseraggodes steinitzi Joglekar [A.], 1971:166, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India v. 12; ref. 27575] Cundabilu, Dahlak Archipelago, Eritrea, Red Sea, 15°44'N, 39°53'E. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes steinitzi Joglekar, 1971. Soleidae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes suzumotoi Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - Suzumoto's sole [=Aseraggodes suzumotoi Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:322, Fig. 16-19] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Ambon Island harbour, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes suzumotoi Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes texturatus Weber, 1913 - texturatus sole [=Aseraggodes texturatus Weber [M.], 1913:437, Fig. 81] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Timor Sea, 10°27.9'S, 123°28.7'E, Siboga station 302, depth 216 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes texturatus Weber, 1913. Soleidae. Distribution: Timor Sea [one specimen]. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes therese Randall, 1996 - Therese's sole [=Aseraggodes therese Randall [J. E.], 1996:434, Figs. 4-6] Notes: [Pacific Science v. 50 (no. 4); ref. 21993] Cave in reef 200 meters southwest of bulk garbage pier on southeast side of Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaiian Islands, depth 8 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes therese Randall, 1996. Soleidae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes umbratilis (Alcock, 1894) - umbratilis sole [=Solea umbratilis Alcock [A. W.], 1894:131 [17], Pl. 7 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 63 (pt 2); ref. 90] Bay of Bengal, 21°52'N, 68°06'E. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes umbratilis (Alcock, 1894). Soleidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes whitakeri Woods, in Schultz et al., 1966 - Whitaker's sole [=Aseraggodes whitakeri Woods [L. P.], in Schultz et al., 1966:71, Fig. 150] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 3; ref. 5366] Coral head north end of lagoon, Kieshiechi Island, Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands, depth 20 feet. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes whitakeri Woods, 1966. Soleidae. Distribution: Western and South Pacific east to Society Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes winterbottomi Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - Negros sole [=Aseraggodes winterbottomi Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:325, Fig. 22] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Mouth of Bais Bay, 9°37'N, 123°10'E, Negros, Philippines, depth 7.5 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes winterbottomi Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Philippines (three specimens). Habitat: marine.

Species Aseraggodes xenicus (Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963) - dwarf sole [=Parachirus xenicus Matsubara [K.] & Ochiai [A.], 1963:94, Figs. 6-8, Aseraggodes smithi Woods [L. P.], in Schultz et al., 1966:73, Fig. 151] Notes: [Bulletin of the Misaki Marine Biological Institute, Kyoto University No. 4; ref. 2908] Ankyaba, Amami Islands, Japan. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes xenicus (Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963). Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, Palau and Marshall Islands. Habitat: marine. (smithi) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 3; ref. 5366] Ocean reef, Bock Island, Rongerik Atoll, Marshall Islands. Current status: Synonym of Aseraggodes xenicus (Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. Species Aseraggodes zizette Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007 - zizette sole [=Aseraggodes zizette Randall [J. E.] & Desoutter-Meniger [M.], 2007:329, Fig. 25] Notes: [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29399] Siberut, Mentawai Islands, Indonesia, depth 0.3-1.5 meters. Current status: Valid as Aseraggodes zizette Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Mentawai Islands (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

GENUS Austroglossus Regan, 1920 - true soles [=Austroglossus Regan [C. T.], 1920:217] Notes: [ref. 3671]. Masc. Synaptura pectoralis Kaup, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Austroglosus Regan, 1920 -- (Heemstra & Gon 1986:869 [ref. 5665]). Current status: Valid as Austroglossus Regan, 1920. Soleidae.

Species Austroglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1863) - West Coast sole [=Synaptura microlepis Bleeker [P.], 1863:456] Notes: [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 17016] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Austroglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1863). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: southern Africa. Habitat: marine.

Species Austroglossus pectoralis (Kaup, 1858) - mud sole [=Synaptura pectoralis Kaup [J. J.], 1858:96] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Austroglossus pectoralis (Kaup, 1858). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic to southwestern Indian Ocean: southern Africa. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Barbourichthys Chabanaud, 1934 - true soles [=Barbourichthys Chabanaud [P.], 1934:388] Notes: [ref. 790]. Masc. Barbourichthys zanzibaricus Chabanaud, 1934. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Barbourichthys Chabanaud, 1934 based on placement of the type species in Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S122 [ref. 27377]. Current status: Valid as Barbourichthys Chabanaud, 1934. Soleidae.

Species Barbourichthys zanzibaricus Chabanaud, 1934 - Zanzibar sole [=Barbourichthys zanzibaricus Chabanaud [P.], 1934:388] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 58; ref. 790] Zanzibar, Tanzania, East Africa. Current status: Valid as Barbourichthys zanzibaricus Chabanaud, 1934. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Barnardichthys Chabanaud, 1927 - true soles [=Barnardichthys Chabanaud [P.], 1927:3] Notes: [ref. 781]. Masc. Solea fulvomarginata Gilchrist, 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806 -- (Heemstra & Gon 1986:873 [ref. 5665] based on placement of type species). •Valid as Barnardichthys Chabanaud, 1927 -- (Vachon et al. 2008:18 [ref. 29607]). Current status: Valid as Barnardichthys Chabanaud, 1927. Soleidae.

Species Barnardichthys fulvomarginata (Gilchrist, 1904) - Gilchrist's sole [=Solea fulvomarginata Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1904:13, Pl. 33] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 3; ref. 1646] False Bay, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Barnardichthys fulvomarginata (Gilchrist, 1904). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic and western Indian Ocean: southern Africa. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Bathysolea Roule, 1916 - true soles [=Bathysolea (subgenus of Solea) Roule [L.], 1916:28, Capartella Chabanaud [P.], 1950:16] Notes: [ref. 3818]. Fem. Bathysolea albida Roule, 1916. Type by subsequent designation. Torchio (1973:630) dates to Roule 1916 in Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. v. 22:10. Roule 1916:28 dates to 20 May with two included species; type apparently first designated by Jordan 1920:560 [ref. 4905], not Solea profundicola Vaillant, 1888 (if 1916:28 was earlier). •Valid as Bathysolea Roule, 1916 -- (Torchio 1973:630 [ref. 6892] with type as profundicola, Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1309 [ref. 13677], Quéro & Desoutter 1990:109 [ref. 15757], Chapleau & Desoutter 1997:408 [ref. 23363]). Current status: Valid as Bathysolea Roule, 1916. Soleidae. (Capartella) [ref. 801]. Fem. Capartella polli Chabanaud, 1950. Type by original designation (p. 19). •Synonym of Bathysolea Roule, 1916 -- (Desoutter & Chapleau 1997:408 [ref. 23363]). Current status: Synonym of Bathysolea Roule, 1916. Soleidae.

Species Bathysolea lactea Roule, 1916 - Roule's sole [=Bathysolea lactea Roule [L.], 1916:9, Bathysolea albida Roule [L.], 1916:28] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 19523] Cape Verde Islands, station 1186, depth 660 meters. Current status: Valid as Bathysolea lactea Roule, 1916. Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern central Atlantic: off Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: marine. (albida) [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 320; ref. 3818] Cape Verde Islands, station 1186, depth 660 meters. Current status: Synonym of Bathysolea lactea Roule, 1916. Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Bathysolea lagarderae Quero & Desoutter, 1990 - lagarderae sole [=Bathysolea lagarderae Quéro [J.-C.] & Desoutter [M.], 1990:107, Fig. 1] Notes: [Cybium v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 15757] Off Madagascar, 12°36'00"S, 47°17'03"E, depth 310 meters. Current status: Valid as Bathysolea lagarderae Quéro & Desoutter, 1990. Soleidae. Distribution: Off western Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

Species Bathysolea polli (Chabanaud, 1950) - Poll's sole [=Capartella polli Chabanaud [P.], 1950:16] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 55); ref. 801] 53 miles west of Ambrizette, 7°16'S, 12°08'E, depth 380-420 meters. Current status: Valid as Bathysolea polli (Chabanaud, 1950). Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Bathysolea profundicola (Vaillant, 1888) - deepwater sole [=Solea profundicola Vaillant [L. L.], 1888:190, Solea greenii Günther [A.], 1889:249, Capartella longisquamis Chabanaud [P.], 1950:19] Notes: [Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman"; ref. 4496] Portugal, depth 1290 meters. Current status: Valid as Bathysolea profundicola (Vaillant, 1888). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Ireland south to Angola. Habitat: marine. (greenii) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 21); ref. 18208] Southwestern coast of Ireland, depth 150 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Bathysolea profundicola (Vaillant, 1888). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (longisquamis) [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 55); ref. 801] French Equatorial Africa, 10°05'N, 77°W, depth 320-360 meters. Current status: Synonym of Bathysolea profundicola (Vaillant, 1888). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Brachirus Swainson, 1838 - true soles [=Brachirus (subgenus of Solea) Swainson [W.], 1839:187, 303, Anisochirus (subgenus of Synaptura) Günther [A.], 1862:480, 486, Chabanaudetta Whitley [G. P.], 1931:322, Euryglossa Kaup [J. J.], 1858:99, Heterobuglossus Chabanaud [P.], 1931:293] Notes: [ref. 4303]. Masc. Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Swain 1882:281 [ref. 5966]. Not Brachirus or Brachyrus Swainson, 1838:71, 264 (= Dendrochirus Swainson). Regarded as preoccupied by Brachirus Swainson, replaced by Synaptura Cantor, 1849; but see Kottelat 1998:120 [ref. 23436]. •In the synonymy of Synaptura Cantor, 1849 -- (Desoutter 1986:431 [ref. 6212]). •Valid as Brachirus Swainson, 1839 -- (Li & Wang 1995:304 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 1998:120 [ref. 23436], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Ataur Rahman 2003:41[ref. 31338], Hoese & Bray 2006:1844 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:818 [ref. 30616], Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Brachirus Swainson, 1839. Soleidae. (Anisochirus) [ref. 1969]. Masc. Synaptura panoides Bleeker 1851. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 480) as section of Synaptura with 2 species (p. 486). Type designated by Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. Chabanaudetta Whitley, 1931 is an unneeded replacement. •Synonym of Euroglossa Kaup, 1858. •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1838. Soleidae. (Chabanaudetta) [ref. 4672]. Fem. Synaptura panoides Bleeker, 1851. Type by being a replacement name. Apparently an unneeded replacement for Anisochirus Günther, 1862, not preoccupied by Anisocheirus. •Synonym of Euryglossa Kaup, 1858. •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839. Soleidae. (Euryglossa) [ref. 2578]. Fem. Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Euryglossa Smith, 1853 in Hymenoptera (Kottelat et al. 1993:171 [ref. 23448]). •Valid as Euryglossa Kaup, 1858 -- (Kottelat 1985:274 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:20 [ref. 13605]). •Synonym of the soleid genus Brachirus Swainson, 1838 -- (Li & Wang 1995:304 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 1998:120 [ref. 23436], Desoutter et al. 2001:326 [ref. 25559], Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839. Soleidae. (Heterobuglossus) [ref. 785]. Masc. Synaptura aspilos Bleeker, 1852. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:464 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839. Soleidae.

Species Brachirus annularis Fowler, 1934 - annular sole [=Brachirus annularis Fowler [H. W.], 1934:346, Fig. 99, Synaptura nebulosa Chen [J. T. F.] & Weng [H. T. C.], 1965:76, Fig. 52] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] China Sea, vicinity of Taiwan, 21°40'N, 116°58'E, Albatross station D.5315, depth 148 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Brachirus annularis Fowler, 1934. Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine. (nebulosa) [Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology, v. 25, 27, Series No. 5; ref. 9207] Tungkong, southwestern Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus annularis Fowler, 1934. Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker, 1852) - aspilos sole [=Synaptura aspilos Bleeker [P.], 1852:74] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3; ref. 16832] Singapore. Current status: Valid as Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker, 1852). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Brachirus breviceps Ogilby, 1910 - Ogilby's brachiurus [=Brachirus breviceps Ogilby [J. D.], 1910:36] Notes: [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus breviceps Ogilby, 1910. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus dicholepis (Peters, 1877) - Peters' brachiurus [=Synaptura dicholepis Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1877:844] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] New Hannover, western Pacific. Current status: Valid as Brachirus dicholepis (Peters, 1877). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus elongatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1940) - Mekong blind sole [=Typhlachirus elongatus Pellegrin [J.] & Chevey [P.], 1940:155, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 65; ref. 13132] Bac Lieu to Vinh Chau, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Brachirus elongatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1940). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: brackish.

Species Brachirus fitzroiensis (De Vis, 1882) - Fitzroi's sole [=Synaptura fitzroiensis De Vis [C. W.], 1882:319] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 3); ref. 17382] Mouth of Fitzroy River, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus fitzroiensis (De Vis, 1882). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus harmandi (Sauvage, 1878) - Harmand's sole [=Synaptura (Anisochirus) harmandi Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:94 [9], Synaptura aenea Smith [H. M.], 1931:32, Fig. 15] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 18663] Me Kong River, Cambodia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus harmandi (Sauvage, 1878). Soleidae. Distribution: Mekong River basin: Laos, Thailand and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater. (aenea) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 79 (no. 2873); ref. 4047] Lop Buri River at Lop Buri, central Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus harmandi (Sauvage, 1878). Soleidae. Distribution: Thailand (in valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Brachirus heterolepis (Bleeker, 1856) - heterolepis sole [=Synaptura heterolepis Bleeker [P.], 1856:65] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus heterolepis (Bleeker, 1856). Soleidae. Distribution: Sumatra to West Papua. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus macrolepis (Bleeker, 1858) - macrolepis sole [=Synaptura macrolepis Bleeker [P.], 1858:7] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 5 (art. 7); ref. 364] Singkawang, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus macrolepis (Bleeker, 1858). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus marmoratus (Bleeker, 1853) - marmoratus sole [=Synaptura marmorata Bleeker [P.], 1853:90] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5; ref. 16911] Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus marmoratus (Bleeker, 1853). Soleidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine. Species Brachirus nigra (Macleay, 1880) - black sole [=Synaptura nigra Macleay [W.], 1880:49] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 1); ref. 17579] Sydney market (Botany Bay at mouth of Cook's River and Port Jackson), New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus nigra (Macleay, 1880). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia: southern Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Oriental sole [=Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:157, Synaptura cinerascens Günther [A.], 1862:482, Synaptura cinerea De Vis [C. W.], 1883:288, Synaptura (Synaptura) filamentosa Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:93 [8], Solea foliacea Richardson [J.], 1846:279, Solea ovalis Richardson [J.], 1846:279, Brachirus sundaicus Bleeker [P.], 1865:[20], Pl. 236 (fig. 4)] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Current status: Valid as Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cinerascens) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Soleidae. (cinerea) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 1088] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (filamentosa) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 18663] Laos Cambodgien. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (foliacea) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; coasts of China. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (ovalis) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Coasts of China. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Soleidae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: marine. (sundaicus) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 428] Rio, Batang; Tjirutjup, Belitung Island, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Brachirus pan (Hamilton, 1822) - Pan sole [=Pleuronectes pan Hamilton [F.], 1822:130, 373, Pl. 24 (fig. 42)] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Eastern Ganges River estuaries from Dhaka downwards. Current status: Valid as Brachirus pan (Hamilton, 1822). Soleidae. Distribution: Southern central Asia and its coasts. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Brachirus panoides (Bleeker, 1851) - panoides sole [=Synaptura panoides Bleeker [P.], 1851:440] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2; ref. 16897] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus panoides (Bleeker, 1851). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Brachirus salinarum Ogilby, 1910 - salinarum sole [=Brachirus salinarum Ogilby [J. D.], 1910:35] Notes: [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Salt pans at Kimberly, northern Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus salinarum Ogilby, 1910. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Brachirus selheimi (Macleay, 1882) - Selheim's sole [=Synaptura selheimi Macleay [W.], 1882:71] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 1); ref. 14344] Palmer River, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Brachirus selheimi (Macleay, 1882). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Brachirus siamensis (Sauvage, 1878) - Siamese sole [=Synaptura siamensis Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:94 [9], Synaptura krempfi Durand [J.], 1940:39, Pl. 7, Chabanaudetta smithi Joglekar [A.], 1971:370, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 18663] Stung Strang, Laos. Current status: Valid as Brachirus siamensis (Sauvage, 1878). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (krempfi) [Institut Océanographic de l'Indochine Note 34 [or 36]; ref. 13008] Grand Lac, Cambodia. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus siamensis (Sauvage, 1878). Soleidae. Habitat: freshwater. (smithi) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 187 (nos 5/6); ref. 21783] Nontabury, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Brachirus siamensis (Sauvage, 1878). Soleidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Brachirus sorsogonensis (Evermann & Seale, 1907) - one-eyed sole [=Synaptura sorsogonensis Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.], 1907:106, Fig. 22] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] Bacon, Sorsogon, Luzon Island Philippines. Current status: Valid as Brachirus sorsogonensis (Evermann & Seale, 1907). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus swinhonis (Steindachner, 1867) - swinhonis sole [=Synaptura swinhonis Steindachner [F.], 1867:586] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 55 (pts 4-5); ref. 4213] Hong Kong, South China Sea. Current status: Valid as Brachirus swinhonis (Steindachner, 1867). Soleidae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Brachirus villosus (Weber, 1907) - velvety sole [=Synaptura villosa Weber [M.], 1907:251, Pl. 13 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Süsswasserfische von Neu-Guinea v. 5 (Zool.) pt 2; ref. 4599] Wagani River, southern New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Brachirus villosus (Weber, 1907). Soleidae. Distribution: Central-southern New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea). Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Buglossidium Chabanaud, 1930 - true soles [=Buglossidium Chabanaud [P.], 1930:14, Microchiropsis Chabanaud [P.], 1956:447] Notes: [ref. 784]. Neut. Pleuronectes luteus Risso, 1810. Type by original designation. •Valid as Buglossidium Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Torchio 1973:631 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1311 [ref. 13677], Desoutter 1987 [ref. 6742], Parin et al. 2014:548 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Buglossidium Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae. (Microchiropsis) [ref. 803]. Fem. Solea (Microchirus) boscanion Chabanaud, 1926. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Michrochiropsis in Zoological Record for 1956. •Synonym of Buglossidium Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Torchio 1973:631 [ref. 6892]). Current status: Synonym of Buglossidium Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae.

Species Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810) - solenette [=Pleuronectes luteus Risso [A.], 1810:312, Monochirus minutus Parnell [R.], 1837:222, Pleuronectes obtusus Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:4, Pleuronectes obtusus Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Machado, 1857:23] Notes: [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, northwestern Mediterranean Sea, depth 60 meters. Current status: Valid as Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Iceland, Scotland and southern Norway to Morocco. Habitat: brackish, marine. (minutus) [L'Institut v. 5 (no. 217); ref. 18521] Devonshire, Great Britain. Current status: Synonym of Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (obtusus C 1817)) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. (obtusus C in M 1857) [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810). Soleidae.

GENUS Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964 - true soles [=Dagetichthys Stauch [A.] & Blanc [M.], 1964:172, Achlyopa Whitley [G. P.], 1947:150, Synaptura Cantor [T. E.], 1849:1204 [222], Solenoides Kaup [J. J.], 1858:96, Trichobrachirus Chabanaud [P.], 1943:292] Notes: [ref. 4200]. Masc. Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964 -- (Desoutter 1986:430 [ref. 6212], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:863 [ref. 21590], Chapleau & Desoutter 1996:103 [ref. 22306], Vachon et al. 2008:6 [ref 32765], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Soleidae. (Achlyopa) [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 4708] Fem. Synaptura nigra Macleay, 1880. Type by original designation. Not technically a replacement name for Euryglossa Kaup, 1858, preoccupied by Euryglosa Smith, 1853 in Insecta. Misspelled Achylopa in Zoological Record for 1947. •Valid as Achlyopa Whitley, 1947 -- (Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625]). •Synonym of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Soleidae. (Synaptura) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Fem. Pleuronectes orientalis Swainson, 1839 (= Pleuronectes orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Brachirus Swainson, 1839 [p. 303, not p. 71, a scorpaenid], not preoccupied by Brachyurus [and not preoccupied by Brachirus Swainson in Scorpaenidae]. On page 222 of separate. •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839 -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:326 [ref. 25559] but stating that they will petition the ICZN to retain Synaptura with a different type species). •Valid as Synaptura Cantor, 1849 -- (Torchio 1973:634 [ref. 6892], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:873 [ref. 5665], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1323 [ref. 13677], Desoutter 1986:431 [ref. 6212], Kottelat 1989:20 [ref. 13605], Rahman 1989:27 [ref. 24860], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:864 [ref. 21590], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:187 [ref. 21500], Gomon et al. 1994:861 [ref. 22532], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314]). •Synonym of Brachirus Swainson, 1839 -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:1844 [ref. 29000]). •In the synonymy of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964 -- (Vachon et al. 2008:9 [ref. 32765]). Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Soleidae. (Solenoides) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Name only, attributed to Bleeker, in synonymy of Synaptura Cantor. Not available; apparently never made available. •In the synonymy of Synaptura Cantor, 1849. Current status: Synonym of Synaptura Cantor, 1849. Soleidae. (Trichobrachirus) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 15 (no. 5); ref. 799] Masc. Synaptura villosa Weber, 1907. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Synaptura Cantor, 1849, but see account of Synaptura. •Synonym of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Soleidae.

Species Dagetichthys albomaculatus (Kaup, 1858) - Kaup's dagetichthys [=Synaptura albomaculata Kaup [J. J.], 1858:96] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Coromandel coast, India. Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys albomaculatus (Kaup, 1858). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Dagetichthys cadenati (Chabanaud, 1947) - Cadenat's dagetichthys [=Cynoglossus cadenati Chabanaud [P.], 1947:441] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 13080] Rufisque, coast of Senegal, western Africa. Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys cadenati (Chabanaud, 1947). Soleidae. Distribution: West Africa. Habitat: marine.

Species Dagetichthys commersonnii (Lacepede, 1802) - Commersonn's sole [=Pleuronectes commersonnii Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1802:599, 654] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys commersonnii (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Seychelles, Mauritius (Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to Taiwan. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch & Blanc, 1964 - Lakdo sole [=Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch [A.] & Blanc [M.], 1964:173, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 36 (no. 2); ref. 4200] Upper Bénoué basin, northern Cameroon, western Africa. Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch & Blanc, 1964. Soleidae. Distribution: West Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dagetichthys lusitanicus (de Brito Capello, 1868) - marine dagetichthys [=Synaptura lusitanica de Brito Capello [F.], 1868:62, Synaptura cadenati Chabanaud [P.], 1948:512, Synaptura punctatissima var. nigromaculata Pellegrin [J.], 1905:141, Synaptura punctatissima Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1876:249, Pl. (fig. 2)] Notes: [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 2 (no. 5); ref. 17968] Lisbon and Setubal, Portugal [eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys lusitanicus (de Brito Capello, 1868). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Congo. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cadenati) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 20 (no. 6); ref. 19524] Lomé, Togo, depth 4-5 meters. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys lusitanicus (de Brito Capello, 1868). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (nigromaculata) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 30; ref. 15374] Nouakchott, Mauritania, West coast of Africa. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys lusitanicus (de Brito Capello, 1868). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (punctatissima) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 10019] Victoria, West Africa. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys lusitanicus (de Brito Capello, 1868). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger, 1900) - marginated sole [=Synaptura marginata Boulenger [G. A.], 1900:11, Pls. 2, 3 (fig. 1), Synaptura barnardi Smith [J. L. B.], 1931:148, Pl. 16, Synaptura ciliata Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1904:14, Pl. 34] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa. No. 8; ref. 14723] Algoa Bay, South Africa, 33°52'30"S, 25°47'30"E, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 22 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger, 1900). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (barnardi) [Records of the Albany Museum Grahamstown v. 4 (pt 1); ref. 4062] Great Fish Point, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger, 1900). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (ciliata) [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 3; ref. 1646] Inner harbor, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger, 1900). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930 - true soles [=Dexillus Chabanaud [P.], 1930:16, Dexillichthys Whitley [G. P.], 1931:322, Mischommatus (subgenus of Euryglossa) Chabanaud [P.], 1938:110, Strandichthys Whitley [G. P.], 1937:140] Notes: [ref. 784]. Masc. Synaptura macrolepis Bleeker, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Dexillichthys Whitley, 1931 is an unneeded replacement, not preoccupied by Dexilla Westwood, 1840 in Diptera; see also account of Synaptura. •Synonym of Synaptura Cantor, 1849 based on placement of type species -- (some authors). •Valid as Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Hoese & Bray 2006:1846 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae. (Dexillichthys) [ref. 4672]. Masc. Synaptura macrolepis Bleeker, 1858. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930, not preoccupied by Dexilla Westwood, 1840 in Diptera. Treated as valid -- Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314]. •Treated as valid -- Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314]. •Synonym of Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:1846 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Synonym of Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae. (Mischommatus) [ref. 795]. Masc. Synaptura muelleri Steindachner, 1879. Type by monotypy (one species with two subspecies). •Objective synonym of Strandichthys Whitley, 1937. •Synonym of Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Chabanaud 1943:291 [ref. 799]). Current status: Synonym of Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae. (Strandichthys) [ref. 4689]. Masc. Synaptura muelleri Steindachner, 1879. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Chabanaud 1943:291 [ref. 799]). Current status: Synonym of Dexillus Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae.

Species Dexillus muelleri (Steindachner, 1879) - tufted sole [=Synaptura muelleri Steindachner [F.], 1879:30, Synaptura arafurensis Günther [A.], 1880:49] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] Cleveland Bay near Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 19°16'S, 146°48'E. Current status: Valid as Dexillus muelleri (Steindachner, 1879). Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine. (arafurensis) [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Arafura Sea, Challenger station 190, depth 35 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Dexillus muelleri (Steindachner, 1879). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Dicologlossa Chabanaud, 1927 - true soles [=Dicologlossa Chabanaud [P.], 1927:14] Notes: [ref. 782]. Fem. Solea cuneata Moreau, 1881. Type by original designation. Spelling apparently unnecessarily (but intentionally) changed to Dicologoglossa by Chabanaud 1930:7, 12 [ref. 784]. •Valid as Dicologlossa Chabanaud, 1927 -- (Torchio 1973:631 [ref. 6892], Matallanas 1984 [ref. 12848] and Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1312 [ref. 13677] as Dicologoglossa, Heemstra & Gon 1986:870 [ref. 5665], Desoutter 1994:239 [ref. 22326]). Current status: Valid as Dicologlossa Chabanaud, 1927. Soleidae.

Species Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881) - wedge sole [=Solea cuneata Moreau [E.] (ex de la Pylaie), 1881:312, Solea cleverleyi Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1906:160, Pl. 44, Xenobuglossus elongatus Chabanaud [P.], 1950:13, Solea senegalensis var. mbaoensis Pellegrin [J.], 1907:87] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Moreau); ref. 3040] Atlantic coast of France. Current status: Valid as Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cleverleyi) [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 4; ref. 1647] Walfish Bay, southwestern Africa. Current status: Synonym of Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (mbaoensis) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 32; ref. 15166] M'bao, between Dakar and Rufisque, Senegal. Current status: Synonym of Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858 - true soles [=Heteromycteris Kaup [J. J.], 1858:103, Amate Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], 1906:228, Monodichthys Chabanaud [P.], 1925:356] Notes: [ref. 2578]. Fem. Heteromycteris capensis Kaup, 1858. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:870 [ref. 5665], Desoutter 1986:430 [ref. 6212], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:861 [ref. 21590], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:187 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:300 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3879 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1847 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. (Amate) [ref. 2532]. Fem. Achirus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858 -- (Desoutter 1986:430 [ref. 6212], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:187 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:300 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Synonym of Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. (Monodichthys) [ref. 780]. Masc. Monodichthys proboscideus Chabanaud, 1925. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858 -- (Desoutter 1986:430 [ref. 6212], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:861 [ref. 21590], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:187 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:300 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Synonym of Heteromycteris Kaup, 1858. Soleidae.

Species Heteromycteris capensis Kaup, 1858 - Cape sole [=Heteromycteris capensis Kaup [J. J.], 1858:103] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Cape Province, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris capensis Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic to southwestern Indian Ocean: southern Africa. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Heteromycteris hartzfeldii (Bleeker, 1853) - hooknosed sole [=Achirus hartzfeldii Bleeker [P.], 1853:123, Heteromycteris hartzfeldi hartzfeldi morpha normani Chabanaud [P.], 1935:221] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4; ref. 16900] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris hartzfeldii (Bleeker, 1853). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine. (normani) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 60; ref. 25931] Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:343 [ref. 25922]. Current status: Synonym of Heteromycteris hartzfeldii (Bleeker, 1853). Soleidae.

Species Heteromycteris japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - bamboo sole [=Achirus japonicus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:186, Heteromycteris japonica japonica morpha cheni Chabanaud [P.] (ex Norman), 1935:220] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Soleidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine. (cheni) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 60; ref. 25931] Current status: Synonym of Heteromycteris japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Soleidae.

Species Heteromycteris matsubarai Ochiai, 1963 - Ochiai's heteromycteris [=Heteromycteris matsubarai Ochiai [A.], 1963:17, Pl. 8; Fig. 8b] Notes: [Biogeographical Society of Japan (Tokyo) 1963; ref. 7982] Tanegashima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris matsubarai Ochiai, 1963. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Heteromycteris oculus (Alcock, 1889) - eyed sole [=Solea oculus Alcock [A. W.], 1889:285, Pl. 18 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 58 (pt 2, no. 3); ref. 85] About 32 miles southwest of Puri, Orissa coast, Bay of Bengal, Investigator station 38, depth 7 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris oculus (Alcock, 1889). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Heteromycteris proboscideus (Chabanaud, 1925) - true sole [=Monodichthys proboscideus Chabanaud [P.], 1925:356] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 31 (no. 5) [1925]; ref. 780] Cape Blanc [Blanco], Mauritania. Current status: Valid as Heteromycteris proboscideus (Chabanaud, 1925). Soleidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

GENUS Leptachirus Randall, 2007 - true soles [=Leptachirus Randall [J. E.], 2007:82] Notes: [ref. 29914]. Leptachirus alleni Randall, 2007. Type by original designation. •Valid as Leptachirus Randall, 2007 -- (Morgan 2011:20 [ref. 31262]). Current status: Valid as Leptachirus Randall, 2007. Soleidae.

Species Leptachirus alleni Randall, 2007 - Allen's sole [=Leptachirus alleni Randall [J. E.], 2007:85, Fig. 2] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] Bintuni River, small mangrove creek, 2°07'S, 133°31'E, ca. 19 kilometers upstream of Bintuni Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia, New Guinea, depth 0.1-1.0 meters. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus alleni Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: West Papua, Indonesia. Habitat: brackish.

Species Leptachirus bensbach Randall, 2007 - Bensbach River sole [=Leptachirus bensbach Randall [J. E.], 2007:88, Fig. 3] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] 12 kilometers downstream of Balamuk, 8°59'S, 141°14'E, Bensbach River, Papua New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus bensbach Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Bensbach River, Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Leptachirus darwinensis Randall, 2007 - Darwin sole [=Leptachirus darwinensis Randall [J. E.], 2007:90, Fig. 4, Leptachirus polylepis Randall [J. E.], 2007:99, Fig. 8] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] East Alligator River, 3 kilometers upstream from Cahills Crossing, 12°27'S, 132°58'E, Northern Territory, Australia. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus darwinensis Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: freshwater. (polylepis) [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] East Alligator River, Cannon Hill Lagoon, 12°22.0'S, 132°57.2'E, Northern Territory, Australia, depth 1-4 meters. Current status: Synonym of Leptachirus darwinensis Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Rivers emptying into Van Diemen's Gulf, Northern Territory, Australia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Leptachirus kikori Randall, 2007 - Kikori River sole [=Leptachirus kikori Randall [J. E.], 2007:93, Fig. 5] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] Kikori River, 4 kilometers southwest of Ero village, 7°28'S, 144°26'E, Papua New Guinea, depth 0-1.2 meters. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus kikori Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Kikori River, southern Papua New Guinea. Habitat: brackish.

Species Leptachirus klunzingeri (Weber, 1907) - tailed sole [=Pardachirus klunzingeri Weber [M.], 1907:250, Pl. 13 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Süsswasserfische von Neu-Guinea v. 5 (Zool.) pt 2; ref. 4599] Mouth of the Merauke River, Papua, Indonesia; Port Darwin; plus one more. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus klunzingeri (Weber, 1907). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Leptachirus lorentz Randall, 2007 - Lorentz sole [=Leptachirus lorentz Randall [J. E.], 2007:96, Fig. 7] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] Lorentz River, Papua Province, Indonesia, New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus lorentz Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Lorentz River, Papua Province, southern New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater. Species Leptachirus robertsi Randall, 2007 - Roberts' sole [=Leptachirus robertsi Randall [J. E.], 2007:102, Fig. 9] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] Tidal creek on right side of the Lower Fly River, 1 kilometer upriver from D'Albertis Island, 8°12'54"S, 142°03'54"E, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, depth 0-1.0 meters. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus robertsi Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Lower Fly River basin, Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Leptachirus triramus Randall, 2007 - threelined sole [=Leptachirus triramus Randall [J. E.], 2007:104, Fig. 10] Notes: [Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 24 (pt 1); ref. 29914] Wattie Creek, 17°24'S, 130°52'E, Victoria River, Northern Australia, depth 0-2 meters. Current status: Valid as Leptachirus triramus Randall, 2007. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia: Northern Territory and Western Australia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Liachirus Gunther, 1862 - true soles [=Liachirus Günther [A.], 1862:479] Notes: [ref. 1969]. Masc. Liachirus nitidus Günther, 1862. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Liachirus Günther, 1862 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:186 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:297 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Valid as Liachirus Günther, 1862. Soleidae.

Species Liachirus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1854) - Bleeker's liachirus [=Achirus melanospilos Bleeker [P.], 1854:257, Liachirus nitidus Günther [A.], 1862:479] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 345] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Liachirus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1854). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean: Indonesia and Philippines, north to Japan. Habitat: marine. (nitidus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] China. Current status: Synonym of Liachirus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1854). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Liachirus whitleyi Chabanaud, 1950 - Whitley's liachirus [=Liachirus whitleyi Chabanaud [P.], 1950:563] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 22 (no. 5); ref. 12944] District of Livingstone, about 23°S, east coast of Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Liachirus whitleyi Chabanaud, 1950. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833 - true soles [=Microchirus (subgenus of Solea) Bonaparte [C. L.], 1833:puntata 27, Buglossus (subgenus of Solea) Günther [A.], 1862:462, 469-470, Echinosolea Chabanaud [P.], 1927:5, 10, Monochir Cuvier [G.], 1829:343, Monochirus Oken [L.] (ex Cuvier), 1817:1182a, Zevaia Chabanaud [P.], 1943:291] Notes: [ref. 516]. Masc. Pleuronectes microchirus Delaroche, 1809. Type by absolute tautonymy. Type possibly Pleuronectes mangili Risso, by monotypy in puntata 27-- the name adopted by Bonaparte; microchirus in synonymy of mangili. Also published in puntata 28. •Valid as Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1313 [ref. 13677], Desoutter 1987 [ref. 6742], Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Desoutter 1994:217 [ref. 22326], Parin et al. 2014:548 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Soleidae. (Buglossus) [ref. 1969]. Masc. Pleuronectes variegatus Donovan, 1808. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 462) as section of Solea with 3 species (pp. 469-470). Type designated by Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892]). Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Soleidae. (Echinosolea) [ref. 782]. Fem. Solea oculata of Rondelet (= Pleuronectes ocellatus Linnaeus, 1758). Type by original designation. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892]). Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Soleidae. (Monochir) [ref. 995]. Fem. Pleuronectes microchirus Delaroche, 1809. Type by monotypy. Other species doubtfully as synonyms in footnote. "N" for new not given by Cuvier, probably not intended as a new spelling. Also from Cuvier 1816 as "Monochires"; Oken's 1817 Monochirus is the Latinized version and is based on Cuvier 1816. •In the synonymy of Monochirus Oken, 1817, which is preoccupied by Monochirus Rafinesque, 1814. •Now in synonymy of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Soleidae. (Monochirus) [ref. 3303]. Masc. Pleuronectes microchirus Delaroche, 1809. Type by monotypy. Based on "Monochires" Cuvier 1816:223 [ref. 993]. See Gill 1903:966 [ref. 5768]. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Soleidae. (Zevaia) [ref. 799]. Fem. Solea azevia Capello, 1868. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Type given by Chabanaud as Solea vulgaris var. azevia; the type species is Solea azevia; type not vulgaris. •Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833 -- (Torchio 1973:632 [ref. 6892]). Current status: Synonym of Microchirus Bonaparte, 1833. Soleidae.

Species Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867) - bastard sole [=Solea azevia de Brito Capello [F.], 1867:166, Solea stephanica Chabanaud [P.], 1926:12, Pleuronectes theophilus Risso [A.], 1810:313] Notes: [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 14041] Lisbon/Lisboa, Portugal; Gibraltar; Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands; Bilbao, northeastern Atlantic; Barcelona, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Senegal; strays to British Isles. Habitat: marine. (stephanica) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 51; ref. 15581] Lévrier Bay, coast of western Africa. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (theophilus) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Microchirus boscanion (Chabanaud, 1926) - Lusitanian sole [=Solea (Microchirus) boscanion Chabanaud [P.], 1926:127, Microchirus australis Chabanaud [P.], 1950:6] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 32 (no. 2); ref. 15579] Eastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Microchirus boscanion (Chabanaud, 1926). Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (australis) [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 55); ref. 801] 15 miles southwest of Moita Seca, Angola, 6°16'S, 12°07'E, depth 50 meters. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus boscanion (Chabanaud, 1926). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Microchirus frechkopi Chabanaud, 1952 - Frechkop's sole [=Microchirus frechkopi Chabanaud [P.], 1952:1] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 28 (no. 69); ref. 12687] 25 miles southwest of Point Banda, 3°57'30"S, 10°36'30"E, South Atlantic, depth 85 meters. Current status: Valid as Microchirus frechkopi Chabanaud, 1952. Soleidae. Distribution: Southern Atlantic off the coast of Africa. Habitat: marine.

Species Microchirus hexophthalmus (Bennett, 1831) - Bennett's sole [=Solea hexophthalma Bennett [E. T.], 1831:147] Notes: [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 5778] Atlantic coast of northern Africa. Current status: Valid as Microchirus hexophthalmus (Bennett, 1831). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) - foureyed sole [=Pleuronectes ocellatus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:269, Solea oculata Risso [A.], 1827:248, Pleuronectes pegusa Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1802:596, 635, Solea quadriocellata von Bonde [C.], 1922:20, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Surinami [Suriname, in error]. Current status: Valid as Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara, eastern Atlantic: Spain to Sierra Leone; southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa. Habitat: marine. (oculata) [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] France, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (pegusa) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (quadriocellata) [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 2 (art. 1); ref. 520] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, Pickle station 192, depth 30 or 33 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) - thickback sole [=Pleuronectes variegatus Donovan [E.], 1808:3 unnum. pp., Pl. 117, Pleuronectes fasciatus Nardo [G. D.], 1824:230, Monochirus lingula Costa [O. G.], 1847-48:50, Pl. 49, Pleuronectes mangilli Risso [A.], 1810:310, Pleuronectes microchirus Delaroche [F. E.], 1809:356 [70], Pl. 20 (fig. 2)] Notes: [The natural history of British fishes, including scientific and general descriptions of the most interesting species, and an extensive selection of accurately finished coloured plates.; ref. 17408] England. Current status: Valid as Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Senegal. Habitat: marine. (fasciatus) [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) v. 7; ref. 3144] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (lingula) [Fauna del regno di Napoli v. 3 (pt 2); ref. 980] Naples, Italy, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (mangilli) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (microchirus) [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 13; ref. 17380] Barcelona, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Microchirus wittei Chabanaud, 1950 - banded sole [=Microchirus wittei Chabanaud [P.], 1950:7] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 55); ref. 801] 21 miles west of Point Dandé, 8°30'S, 12°58'30"E, depth 190-230 meters. Current status: Valid as Microchirus wittei Chabanaud, 1950. Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Monochirus Rafinesque, 1814 - true soles [=Monochirus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1814:17, Quenselia (subgenus of Monochirus) Jordan [D. S.], in Jordan & Goss, 1889:306 (in key)] Notes: [ref. 3582]. Masc. Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Monochirus Rafinesque, 1814 -- (Torchio 1973:633 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1317 [ref. 13677], Li & Wang 1995:290 [ref. 16193], Heemstra & Gon 1986:871 [ref. 5665]). Current status: Valid as Monochirus Rafinesque, 1814. Soleidae. (Quenselia) [ref. 2482]. Fem. Pleuronectes ocellatus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Monochirus Rafinesque, 1814 and of Dicologlossa Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Torchio 1973:631, 632; type evidently a composite). Current status: Synonym of Monochirus Rafinesque, 1814. Soleidae.

Species Monochirus atlanticus Chabanaud, 1940 - Atlantic monochirus [=Monochirus hispidus atlanticus Chabanaud [P.], 1940:150] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 13167] Banjul (formerly Bathurst), western coast of Africa. Current status: Valid as Monochirus atlanticus Chabanaud, 1940. Soleidae. Distribution: Coast of West Africa. Habitat: marine.

Species Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814 - whiskered sole [=Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1814:17, Solea monochir Bonaparte [C. L.], 1833:fasc. 5, punt. 28, Pl. 103 (fig. 2), Pleuronectes trichodactyllus Nardo [G. D.], 1827:32, 38 (no. 138)] Notes: [Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz; ref. 3582] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814. Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Ghana. Habitat: marine. (monochir) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 516] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814. Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (trichodactyllus) [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) Dec. II, v. 10; ref. 3146] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814. Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Monochirus trichodactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) - trichodactylus sole [=Pleuronectes trichodactylus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:268] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Monochirus trichodactylus (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Distribution: Western central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Paradicula Whitley, 1931 - true soles [=Paradicula Whitley [G. P.], 1931:322, Whitleyia Chabanaud [P.], 1930:16] Notes: [ref. 4672]. Fem. Synaptura setifer Paradice, 1927. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Whitleyia Chabanaud, 1930 (5 July), preoccupied by Whitleyia Fowler & Bean, 1930 (early in same year). •Valid as Pardicula Whitley, 1931 -- (Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1847 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Paradicula Whitley, 1931. Soleidae. (Whitleyia) [ref. 784]. Fem. Synaptura setifer Paradice, 1927. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Preoccupied by Whitleyia Fowler & Bean, 1930; replaced by Paradicula Whitley, 1931. •Synonym of Paradicula Whitley, 1931 -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:1847 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Synonym of Paradicula Whitley, 1931.

Species Paradicula setifer (Paradice, in Paradice & Whitley, 1927) - Paradice's sole [=Synaptura setifer Paradice [W. E. J.], in Paradice & Whitley, 1927:101, Fig. 3] Notes: [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 9 (pt 1); ref. 15810] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Current status: Valid as Paradicula setifer (Paradice, 1927). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia and New Guinea. Habitat: brackish. Soleidae. GENUS Pegusa Gunther, 1862 - true soles [=Pegusa (subgenus of Solea) Günther [A.], 1862:462, 467-468] Notes: [ref. 1969]. Fem. Solea aurantiaca Günther, 1862. Described in key (p. 462) as section of Solea with 4 species (pp. 467-468). Type by subsequent designation, earliest found that of Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. •Synonym of Solea Quinsel, 1806 -- (Evseenko 2003:S70 [ref. 28535]). •Valid as Pegusa Günther, 1862 -- (Torchio 1973:628 [ref. 6892], Heemstra & Gon 1986:872 [ref. 5665], Desoutter 1986:430 [ref. 6212], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:862 [ref. 21590], Borsa & Quignard 2001:2301[ref. 25908], Vachon et al. 2005:315 [ref. 29620], Parin et al. 2014:548 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Pegusa Günther, 1862. Soleidae.

Species Pegusa bleekeri (Boulenger, 1898) - Bleeker's pegusa [=Solea bleekeri Boulenger [G. A.], 1898:2] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa No. 1; ref. 14678] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Pegusa bleekeri (Boulenger, 1898). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa to Madagascar. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Pegusa cadenati Chabanaud, 1954 - Cadenat's sole [=Pegusa cadenati Chabanaud [P.], 1954:255, Figs. 2-15] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (Sér A) Sciences Naturelles v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 12641] Cape Verde Islands, western Africa. Current status: Valid as Pegusa cadenati Chabanaud, 1954. Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde Islands (endemic). Habitat: marine.

Species Pegusa impar (Bennett, 1831) - Adriatic sole [=Solea impar Bennett [E. T.], 1831:147] Notes: [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 5778] West Africa, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Pegusa impar (Bennett, 1831). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar to Senegal. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810) - sand sole [=Pleuronectes lascaris Risso [A.], 1810:311, Pl. 7 (fig. 32), Solea aurantiaca Günther [A.], 1862:467, Solea brasiliensis Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1831:87, Pl. 48, Solea brasiliensis Kaup [J. J.], 1858:95, Solea kaupi Berg [C.], 1895, Solea margaritifera Günther [A.], 1862:468, Solea scriba Valenciennes [A.], 1837:Pl. 18 (fig. 3), Solea vermeuleni Metzelaar [J.], 1919:279, Fig. 60] Notes: [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Islands to South Africa; Red Sea (Mediterranean Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine. (aurantiaca) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brasiliensis A) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Mediterranean Sea [not Brazil]. Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brasiliensis K) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Montevideo, Uruguay [in error, eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (kaupi) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 4; ref. 261] Eastern Atlantic [not Montevideo, Uruguay]. Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (margaritifera) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Borneo? Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (scriba) [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. (vermeuleni) [Report on the fishes; ref. 2982] Cape Blanc [Blanco], [Mauritania/Spanish Sahara], northwestern coast of Africa. Current status: Synonym of Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Pegusa nasuta (Pallas, 1814) - blackhand sole [=Pleuronectes nasutus Pallas [P. S.], 1814:425, Solea bleekeri Boulenger [G. A.], 1898:2, Solea cinerea Guichenot [A.] (ex Valenciennes), 1850:106] Notes: [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Crimea, Ukraine, Black Sea. Current status: Valid as Pegusa nasuta (Pallas, 1814). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Sea of Azov. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cinerea) [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] Current status: Synonym of Pegusa nasuta (Pallas, 1814). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Pegusa triophthalma (Bleeker, 1863) - cyclope sole [=Solea triophthalmus Bleeker [P.], 1863:27, Pl. 4 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Abraoun, Guinea. Current status: Valid as Pegusa triophthalma (Bleeker, 1863). Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern central Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Phyllichthys McCulloch, 1916 - true soles [=Phyllichthys McCulloch [A. R.], 1916:66] Notes: [ref. 2944]. Masc. Synaptura sclerolepis Macleay, 1878. Type by original designation. •Valid as Phyllichthys McCulloch, 1916 -- (Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1848 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Phyllichthys McCulloch, 1916. Soleidae.

Species Phyllichthys punctatus McCulloch, 1916 - spotted sole [=Phyllichthys punctatus McCulloch [A. R.], 1916:67] Notes: [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 5; ref. 2944] Busselton Geographe Bay, southwestern Australia. Current status: Valid as Phyllichthys punctatus McCulloch, 1916. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Phyllichthys sclerolepis (Macleay, 1878) - Macleay's phyllichthys [=Synaptura sclerolepis Macleay [W.], 1878:363, Pl. 10 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 17573] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Current status: Valid as Phyllichthys sclerolepis (Macleay, 1878). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Phyllichthys sejunctus Whitley, 1935 - Whitley's phyllichthys [=Phyllichthys sejunctus Whitley [G. P.], 1935:237, Pl. 18 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 4683] Fitzallen Island, Whitsunday Passage, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Phyllichthys sejunctus Whitley, 1935. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Pseudaesopia Chabanaud, 1934 - true soles [=Pseudaesopia (subgenus of Zebrias) Chabanaud [P.], 1934:424, 433] Notes: [ref. 791]. Fem. Synaptura regani Gilchrist, 1906. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Li & Wang 1995:311 [ref. 16193]). •Valid as Pseudaesopia Chabanaud, 1934 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:195 [ref. 21500], Hoese & Bray 2006:1849 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Pseudaesopia Chabanaud, 1934. Soleidae.

Species Pseudaesopia callizona (Regan, 1903) - callizona sole [=Synaptura callizona Regan [C. T.], 1903:57, Pl. 6 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 11 (no. 61); ref. 15040] Arafura Sea (?). Current status: Valid as Pseudaesopia callizona (Regan, 1903). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudaesopia japonica (Bleeker, 1860) - wavyband sole [=Aesopia japonica Bleeker [P.], 1860:71, Synaptura smithii Regan [C. T.], 1903:57, Pl. 6 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Pseudaesopia japonica (Bleeker, 1860). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific; antitropical. Habitat: marine. (smithii) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 11 (no. 61); ref. 15040] Inland Sea, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Pseudaesopia japonica (Bleeker, 1860). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Pardachirus Gunther, 1862 - true soles [=Pardachirus Günther [A.], 1862:478, Normanetta Whitley [G. P.], 1931:322] Notes: [ref. 1969]. Masc. Achirus marmoratus Lacepède, 1802. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. •Valid as Pardachirus Günther, 1862 -- (Clark & George 1979 [ref. 6992], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:354 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:872 [ref. 5665], Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Randall & Mee 1994 [21638], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:186 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:291 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3879 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1847 [ref. 29000], Randall & Johnson 2007:3 [ref. 29291], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pardachirus Günther, 1862. Soleidae. (Normanetta) [ref. 4672]. Fem. Achirus poropterus Bleeker, 1851. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Pardachirus Günther, 1862 -- (Clark & George 1979:104 [ref. 6992], Randall & Johnson 2007:3 [ref. 29291], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus Günther, 1862. Soleidae.

Species Pardachirus balius Randall & Mee, 1994 - piebald sole [=Pardachirus balius Randall [J. E.] & Mee [J. K. L.], 1994:343, Pls. 1-2] Notes: [Fauna of Saudia Arabia v. 14; ref. 21638] Off Raysut, 19°24' to 25'N, 57°48'E, southern Oman, Arabian Sea, depth 26-30 meters. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus balius Randall & Mee, 1994. Soleidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea and Somalia. Habitat: marine.

Species Pardachirus hedleyi Ogilby, 1916 - Southern peacock sole [=Pardachirus hedleyi Ogilby [J. D.], 1916:144, Pl. 17] Notes: [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 5; ref. 3297] Port Jackson, N. S. W; Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus hedleyi Ogilby, 1916. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepede, 1802) - finless sole [=Achirus marmoratus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson), 1802:658, 660, Pl. 12 ( fig. 3), Achirus barbatus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1802:658, 660, Pleuronectes ornatus Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.], 1834:517, Pl. 59 (opp. p. 517), Achirus punctatus Desjardins [J.], 1837:40] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Sri Lanka. Habitat: marine. (barbatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (ornatus) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (punctatus) [Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Ile Maurice No. 8; ref. 20928] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Pardachirus morrowi Chabanaud, 1954 - Persian carpet sole [=Aseraggodes morrowi Chabanaud [P.], 1954:800, Pls. 24, 25 (fig. 2A)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 7 (no. 83) (art. 98); ref. 12674] Shimoni, Kenya. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus morrowi (Chabanaud, 1954). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepede, 1802) - peacock sole [=Achirus pavoninus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1802:658, 660, Achirus maculatus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.], in Bleeker, 1851:18, Achirus napai Montrouzier [X.], 1857:488 [210], Aseraggodes ocellatus Weed [W. H., III], 1961:293, Fig. 1, Solea persimilis Günther [A.], 1909:346, Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality stated [probably Indonesia]. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and (possibly) western Mascarenes east to Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Onslow (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (maculatus) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 9); ref. 16875] Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. (napai) [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. (ocellatus) [Copeia 1961 (no. 3); ref. 9387] North of Sweat Bay, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, depth 0-6 feet. Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (persimilis) [Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee Bd 3 (Heft 8); ref. 14377] New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802). Soleidae. Distribution: Western central Pacific [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

Species Pardachirus poropterus (Bleeker, 1851) - estuary sole [=Achirus poropterus Bleeker [P.], 1851:410, Achirus thepassii Bleeker [P.], 1854:500] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 6831] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Padang, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus poropterus (Bleeker, 1851). Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (thepassii) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref. 344] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Pardachirus poropterus (Bleeker, 1851). Soleidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Pardachirus rautheri (Chabanaud, 1931) - Rauther's sole [=Achirus rautheri Chabanaud [P.], 1931:95, Figs. 1-10] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 93 (nos 3/4); ref. 16265] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, 12°28'S, 130°50'E. Current status: Valid as Pardachirus rautheri (Chabanaud, 1931). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia and New Guinea. Habitat: brackish.

GENUS Rendahlia Chabanaud, 1930 - true soles [=Rendahlia Chabanaud [P.], 1930:21] Notes: [ref. 784]. Fem. Achirus jaubertensis Rendahl, 1921. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Rendhalia at main entry (p. 21), Rendahlia in key (p. 21), and named for Rendahl so Rendahlia is correctly formed. •Valid as Rendahlia Chabanaud, 1930 -- (Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Munroe 2001:3879 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1849 [ref. 29000]). Current status: Valid as Rendahlia Chabanaud, 1930. Soleidae.

Species Rendahlia jaubertensis (Rendahl, 1921) - Jaubert sole [=Achirus jaubertensis Rendahl [H.], 1921:16] Notes: [Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens handlingar. v. 61 (no. 9); ref. 3700] 45 nautical miles west-southwest of Cape Jaubert, northwestern Australia, depth 72 feet. Current status: Valid as Rendahlia jaubertensis (Rendahl, 1921). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia and New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Rhinosolea Fowler, 1946 - true soles [=Rhinosolea Fowler [H. W.], 1946:209] Notes: [ref. 1456]. Fem. Rhinosolea microlepidota Fowler, 1946. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Rhinosolea Fowler, 1946 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441]). Current status: Valid as Rhinosolea Fowler, 1946. Soleidae.

Species Rhinosolea microlepidota Fowler, 1946 - Fowler's rhinosolea [=Rhinosolea microlepidota Fowler [H. W.], 1946:211, Fig. 71] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 98; ref. 1456] Aguni Shima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Current status: Valid as Rhinosolea microlepidota Fowler, 1946. Soleidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Solea Quensel, 1806 - true soles [=Solea Quensel [C.], 1806:53, Microbuglossus (subgenus of Solea) Günther [A.], 1862:462, 471-472, Solea Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:14, 52, Solea Cuvier [G.], 1816:223] Notes: [ref. 3569]. Fem. Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806 (= Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus, 1758). Type by monotypy. Linnaeus' species solea needlessly renamed vulgaris by Quensel. •Valid as Solea Quensel, 1806 -- (Torchio 1973:628 [ref. 6892], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1318 [ref. 13677], Heemstra & Gon 1986:873 [ref. 5665], Desoutter 1986:431 [ref. 6212], Randall & McCarthy 1989 [ref. 14260], Ben-Tuvia 1990 [ref. 15614], Feng in Pan et al. 1991:530 [ref. 23876], Desoutter in Lévêque et al. 1992:863 [ref. 21590], Li & Wang 1995:272 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Evseenko 2003:S70 [ref. 28535], Vachon et al. 2008:9 [ref. 29607], Golani et al. 2014:319 [ref. 22139], Parin et al. 2014:549 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Solea Quensel, 1806. Soleidae. (Microbuglossus) [ref. 1969]. Masc. Solea humilis Cantor, 1849. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 462) as section of Solea with 2 species (pp. 471-472). Type designated by Jordan 1919:319 [ref. 4904]. •Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806 -- (Li & Wang 1995:286 [ref. 16193]). Current status: Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806. Soleidae. (Solea R) [ref. 3595]. Fem. Solea buglossa Rafinesque, 1810 (= Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus, 1758). Type is solea by absolute tautonymy; Rafinesque's S. buglossa is an unneeded replacement for P. solea Linnaeus. •In the synonymy of Solea Quensel, 1806. Current status: Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806. Soleidae. (Solea C) [ref. 993]. Fem. Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus, 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. •Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806. Current status: Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806. Soleidae. Species Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud, 1927 - Egyptian sole [=Solea vulgaris forma aegyptiaca Chabanaud [P.], 1927:35] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 488; ref. 782] Ismailia, Egypt, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud, 1927. Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea endemic; Red Sea (Mediterranean Sea immigrant). Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Solea capensis Gilchrist, 1902 - Cape solea [=Solea (Pegusa) capensis Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1902:110, Pl. 9] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 2; ref. 1644] Fish-Hoek and Muizenberg, False Bay; 4.5 miles off Cape St. Blaize, depth 30 fathoms; and Algoa Bay, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Solea capensis Gilchrist, 1902. Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic off South Africa. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea elongata Day, 1877 - elongate sole [=Solea elongata Day [F.], 1877:426, Pl. 90 (fig. 4)] Notes: [The fishes of India Part 3; ref. 4886] Madras, India. Current status: Valid as Solea elongata Day, 1877. Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka and western Bay of Bengal. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea heinii Steindachner, 1903 - Hein's sole [=Solea heinii Steindachner [F.], 1903:153 [31], Pl. 1 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 71; ref. 15046] Qishn, Yémen, Arabian coast. Current status: Valid as Solea heinii Steindachner, 1903. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea hexophthalma Bennett, 1831 - Bennett's solea [=Solea hexophthalma Bennett [E. T.], 1831:147] Notes: [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 5778] Atlantic coast of northern Africa. Current status: Valid as Solea hexophthalma Bennett, 1831. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola including Madeira and Canary Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea ovata Richardson, 1846 - ovate sole [=Solea ovata Richardson [J.], 1846:279, Solea humilis Cantor [T. E.], 1849:1201 [219], Solea maculata Bleeker [P.] (ex Cuvier), 1851:409, Solea variegata Shen [S.-C.], 1967:200, Figs. 97-101b] Notes: [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; China seas. Current status: Valid as Solea ovata Richardson, 1846. Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: marine. (humilis) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Solea ovata Richardson, 1846. Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (maculata) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 6831] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Solea ovata Richardson, 1846. Soleidae. Habitat: marine. (variegata) [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 20 (nos 1-2); ref. 20549] Ta-Men Island, off Hong Kong. Current status: Synonym of Solea ovata Richardson, 1846. Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 - Senegalese sole [=Solea senegalensis Kaup [J. J.], 1858:94, Solea melanochira Moreau [É.], 1874:115, Pl. 15 (figs. A-C)] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] St. Louis, Senegal [eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Valid as Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Angola. Habitat: marine. (melanochira) [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Ser. 3) v. 2; ref. 17791] Arcachon basin, France. Current status: Synonym of Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858. Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) - common sole [=Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus [C.], 1758:270, Solea vulgaris forma typica Chabanaud [P.], 1927:32, Solea vulgaris Quensel [C.], 1806:54, 230] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Charente-Maritime, France [Bay of Biscay, eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Valid as Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway to Senegal including Madeira, Canary and ?Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine. (typica) [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 488; ref. 782] Baltic Sea, North Sea, eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea. Current status: Synonym of Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (vulgaris) [Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens handlingar. v. 27; ref. 3569] North Sea; Baltic Sea. Current status: Synonym of Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Solea stanalandi Randall & McCarthy, 1989 - Stanaland's sole [=Solea stanalandi Randall [J. E.] & McCarthy [L. J.], 1989:197, Fig. 1] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 36 (no. 2); ref. 14260] Off UPM Beach, Half Moon Bay near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Persian Gulf. Current status: Valid as Solea stanalandi Randall & McCarthy, 1989. Soleidae. Distribution: Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

Species Solea triophthalmus Bleeker, 1863 - Bleeker's solea [=Solea triophthalmus Bleeker [P.], 1863:27, Pl. 4 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Abraoun, Guinea. Current status: Valid as Solea triophthalma Bleeker, 1863. Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern central Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Solea turbynei Gilchrist, 1904 - Gilchrist's sole [=Solea turbynei Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1904:10, Pl. 28, Solea simonensis von Bonde [C.], 1922:19, Pl. 5 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 3; ref. 1646] Mossel Bay, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 18 fathoms, and other localities. Current status: Valid as Solea turbynei Gilchrist, 1904. Soleidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Tanzania to about Capetown, South Africa. Habitat: brackish, marine. (simonensis) [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 2 (art. 1); ref. 520] Simonstown, False Bay, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Solea turbynei Gilchrist, 1904. Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Soleichthys Bleeker, 1860 - true soles [=Soleichthys Bleeker [P.], 1860:14] Notes: [ref. 379]. Masc. Solea heterorhinos Bleeker, 1856. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Soleichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441], Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:187 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:288 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Muchhala & Munroe 2004:57 [ref. 27597], Munroe & Menke 2004:248 [ref. 27772], Hoese & Bray 2006:1849 [ref. 29000], Randall & Munroe 2008:76 [ref. 29862]). Current status: Valid as Soleichthys Bleeker, 1860. Soleidae.

Species Soleichthys dori Randall & Munroe, 2008 - Dor's sole [=Soleichthys dori Randall [J. E.] & Munroe [T. A.], 2008:77, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, Bulletin of the European Ichthyology Society. v. 2; ref. 29862] 7 kilometers south of Nuweiba, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 2-4 meters. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys dori Randall & Munroe, 2008. Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856) - Bleeker's soleichthys [=Solea heterorhinos Bleeker [P.], 1856:64, Solea lineata Ramsay [E. P.], 1883:406] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856). Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to Marshall Islands, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine. (lineata) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 20899] Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys maculosus Muchhala & Munroe, 2004 - whiteblotched sole [=Soleichthys maculosus Muchhala [N.] & Munroe [T. A.], 2004:58, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 27597] Gulf of Carpentaria, northwestern Queensland, Australia, 12°31'S, 141°02'E, depth 51 meters. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys maculosus Muchhala & Munroe, 2004. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys microcephala (Gunther, 1862) - smallhead sole [=Solea microcephala Günther [A.], 1862:466] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys microcephalus (Günther, 1862). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Soleichthys multifasciatus (Kaup, 1858) - Kaup's soleichthys [=Aesopia multifasciata Kaup [J. J.], 1858:97] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] India. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys multifasciatus (Kaup, 1858). Soleidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys nigrostriolata (Steindachner & Kner, 1870) - Steindachner's soleichthys [=Solea nigrostriolata Steindachner [F.] & Kner [R.], 1870:427 [7], Pl. 1 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 61 (1. Abth.); ref. 4250] Viti-Levu, Fiji Islands. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys nigrostriolatus (Steindachner & Kner, 1870). Soleidae. Distribution: Fiji Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys oculofasciatus Munroe & Menke, 2004 - bandedeye sole [=Soleichthys oculofasciatus Munroe [T. A.] & Menke [S. B.], 2004:255, Figs. 2, 4] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27772] Trunk Reef, Australia, 18°23.5'S, 146°45'E, depth 49 meters. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys oculofasciatus Munroe & Menke, 2004. Soleidae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys serpenpellis Munroe & Menke, 2004 - snakeskin sole [=Soleichthys serpenpellis Munroe [T. A.] & Menke [S. B.], 2004:253, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27772] Gulf of Carpentaria, 12-18°S, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys serpenpellis Munroe & Menke, 2004. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys siammakuti Wongratana, 1975 - Wongratana's sole [=Soleichthys siammakuti Wongratana [T.], 1975:22, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 56 (nos 1/3); ref. 7484] Fish Market Bangkok, Gulf of Thailand. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys siammakuti Wongratana, 1975. Soleidae. Distribution: Gulf of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

Species Soleichthys tubiferus (Peters, 1876) - Peters' soleichthys [=Solea tubifera Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1876:444, Solea borbonica Regan [C. T.], 1905:393, Pl. 6 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 18495] Île aux Fouquets, 8 kilometers east of Mahébourg, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Soleichthys tubiferus (Peters, 1876). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes endemic). Habitat: marine. (borbonica) [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 13; ref. 15384] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Soleichthys tubiferus (Peters, 1876). Soleidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Réunion Island and Mauritius, Mascarenes [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Synapturichthys Chabanaud, 1927 - true soles [=Synapturichthys Chabanaud [P.], 1927:11] Notes: [ref. 781]. Masc. Synaptura savignyi Kaup, 1858. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Solea Quensel, 1806 -- (Torchio 1973:628 [ref. 6892], Evseenko 2003:S70 [ref. 28535]). •Valid as Synapturichthys Chabanaud, 1927 -- (Heemstra & Gon 1986:873 [ref. 5665]). Current status: Valid as Synapturichthys Chabanaud, 1927. Soleidae.

Species Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827) - Klein's sole [=Rhombus kleinii Risso [A.], 1827:255, Solea alboguttata Fowler [H. W.], 1929:251, Fig. 1 (top), Solea capellonis Steindachner [F.], 1868:722 [56], Pl. 4 (fig. 2), Synaptura melanoptera Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1904:13, Pl. 32, Synaptura savignyi Kaup [J. J.], 1858:97] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827). Soleidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal to South Africa; southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa. Habitat: brackish, marine. (alboguttata) [Annals of the Natal Museum v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 1403] Off Natal Bluff, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (capellonis) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 57 (1. Abth.); ref. 18779] Gibraltar; Hvar [Lesina], Croatia, Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (melanoptera) [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 3; ref. 1646] Off East London, South Africa, 33°06'45"S, 27°55'45"E, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 43 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (savignyi) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Synclidopus Chabanaud, 1943 - true soles [=Synclidopus Chabanaud [P.], 1943:291] Notes: [ref. 799]. Masc. Solea macleayana Ramsay, 1881. Type by original designation. •Valid as Synclidopus Chabanaud, 1943 -- (Randall 2005:192 [ref. 28892], Johnson & Randall 2008:246 [ref. 29797]). Current status: Valid as Synclidopus Chabanaud, 1943. Soleidae.

Species Synclidopus hogani Johnson & Randall, 2008 - Hogan's sole [=Synclidopus hogani Johnson [J. W.] & Randall [J. E.], 2008:247, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 52 (part 2); ref. 29797] Daintree River, upstream from Daintree township, 16°14.69'S, 145°18.44'E, Queensland, Australia, depth 0.4-0.8 meters. Current status: Valid as Synclidopus hogani Johnson & Randall, 2008. Soleidae. Distribution: Daintree River, Queensland, Australia. Habitat: freshwater. Species Synclidopus macleayanus (Ramsay, 1881) - Ramsay's synclidopus [=Solea macleayana Ramsay [E. P.], 1881:462, Solea luviatilis Ramsay [E. P.], 1882:111] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 18588] Manly Beach, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Synclidopus macleayanus (Ramsay, 1881). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Australia. Habitat: marine. (luviatilis) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 1); ref. 18594] Hunter River, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Synclidopus macleayanus (Ramsay, 1881). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Typhlachirus Hardenberg, 1931 - true soles [=Typhlachirus Hardenberg [J. D. F.], 1931:415, Cryptops Hardenberg [J. D. F.], 1931:125] Notes: [ref. 2036]. Masc. Typhlachirus caecus Hardenberg, 1931. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Typhlachirus Hardenberg, 1931 -- (Kottelat 1989:20 [ref. 13605], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Typhlachirus Hardenberg, 1931. Soleidae. (Cryptops) [ref. 16298]. Cryptops coeca Hardenberg, 1931. Preoccupied in Gymnotiformes by Cryptops Eigenmann, 1894. Species subsequently described as Typhlachirus Hardenberg, 1931. •Synonymy of Typhlachirus Hardenberg, 1931 -- (Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Typhlachirus Hardenberg, 1931. Soleidae.

Species Typhlachirus caecus Hardenberg, 1931 - caecus sole [=Typhlachirus caecus Hardenberg [J. D. F.], 1931:415, Fig. 5] Notes: [Treubia Buitenzorg v. 13 (pts 3-4); ref. 2036] Malacca Strait, eastern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Typhlachirus caecus Hardenberg, 1931. Soleidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Vanstraelenia Chabanaud, 1950 - true soles [=Vanstraelenia Chabanaud [P.], 1950:9, Xenobuglossus Chabanaud [P.], 1950:13] Notes: [ref. 801]. Fem. Vanstraelenia insignis Chabanaud, 1950. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Vanstraelenia Chabanaud, 1950 -- (Desoutter 1994:236 [ref. 22326]). Current status: Valid as Vanstraelenia Chabanaud, 1950. Soleidae. (Xenobuglossus) [ref. 801]. Masc. Xenobuglossus elongatus Chabanaud, 1950. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Vanstraelenia Chabanaud, 1950. Current status: Synonym of Vanstraelenia Chabanaud, 1950. Soleidae.

Species Vanstraelenia chirophthalma (Regan, 1915) - African solenette [=Solea chirophthalmus Regan [C. T.], 1915:129, Xenobuglossus elongatus Chabanaud [P.], 1950:13, Vanstraelenia insignis Chabanaud [P.], 1950:10] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 15 (no. 85); ref. 15006] Lagos, Nigeria. Current status: Valid as Vanstraelenia chirophthalma (Regan, 1915). Soleidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (elongatus) [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 55); ref. 801] Walvis Bay, Namibia, 22°54'S, 14°30'E, southeastern Atlantic, depth 8 meters. Current status: Synonym of Vanstraelenia chirophthalma (Regan, 1915). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (insignis) [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 26 (no. 55); ref. 801] 10 miles northwest of Luanda, 8°37'S, 13°12'E, depth 60 meters. Current status: Synonym of Vanstraelenia chirophthalma (Regan, 1915). Soleidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 - true soles [=Zebrias Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1900:380, Haplozebrias Chabanaud [P.], 1943:292, Holonodus (subgenus of Zebrias) Chabanaud [P.], 1936:383, Nematozebrias Chabanaud [P.], 1943:292, Strabozebrias Chabanaud [P.], 1943:293] Notes: [ref. 2502]. Masc. Solea zebrina Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:355 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Gon 1986:874 [ref. 5665], Chapleau & Keast 1988:2799 [ref. 12625], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:197 [ref. 21500], Gomon et al. 1994:862 [ref. 22532], Li & Wang 1995:311 [ref. 16193],Munroe 2001:3880 [ref. 26314], Hoese & Bray 2006:1850 [ref. 29000], Gomon 2008:819 [ref. 30616], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900. Soleidae. (Haplozebrias) [ref. 799]. Masc. Synaptura fasciata Macleay, 1882. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Haplozelrias in Zoological Record for 1944. •Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Li & Wang 1995:311 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900. Soleidae. (Holonodus) [ref. 792]. Masc. Solea synapturoides Jenkins, 1910. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900. Soleidae. (Nematozebrias) [ref. 799]. Masc. Aesopia quagga Kaup, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:197 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:311 [ref. 16193], Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900. Soleidae. (Strabozebrias) [ref. 799]. Masc. Synaptura cancellata McCulloch, 1916. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Li & Wang 1995:311 [ref. 16193] as Stratozebrias). •Valid as Strabozebias Chabanaud, 1943 -- (authors). •Synonmy of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Kottelat 2013:465 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrias Jordan & Snyder, 1900. Soleidae.

Species Zebrias altipinnis (Alcock, 1890) - Alcock's zebrias [=Synaptura altipinnis Alcock [A. W.], 1890:441] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 36) (art. 52); ref. 86] Off Vizagapatam coast, east-northeast of Bimilipatnam, India, Investigator station 93, depth 25 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zebrias altipinnis (Alcock, 1890). Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias cancellatus (McCulloch, 1916) - harrowed sole [=Synaptura cancellata McCulloch [A. R.], 1916:60, Pl. 8 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 5; ref. 2944] Near Fremantle, Western Australia. Current status: Valid as Zebrias cancellatus (McCulloch, 1916). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias captivus Randall, 1995 - convict zebra sole [=Zebrias captivus Randall [J. E.], 1995:243, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 23283] Persian Gulf off Bahrain. Current status: Valid as Zebrias captivus Randall, 1995. Soleidae. Distribution: Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias cochinensis Rama-Rao, 1967 - Ramma-Rao's zebrias [=Zebrias cochinensis Rama-Rao [K. V.], 1967:99, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 19 (nos 1-2); ref. 22121] Off Vypeen Island, Cochin, India, 16-20 meters. Current status: Valid as Zebrias cochinensis Rama-Rao, 1967. Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias craticula (McCulloch, 1916) - wickerwork sole [=Synaptura craticula McCulloch [A. R.], 1916:62, Pl. 9 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 5; ref. 2944] Near Bowen, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Zebrias craticula (McCulloch, 1916). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias crossolepis Zheng & Chang, 1965 - Zheng's sole [=Zebrias crossolepis Zheng [P.-S.] & Chang [Y.-W.], 1965:271] Notes: [English p. 277], Fig. 3 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7953] Jieshi Harbor, Guangdong, China. Current status: Valid as Zebrias crossolepis Zheng & Chang, 1965. Soleidae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias keralensis Joglekar, 1976 - Keral zebrias [=Zebrias (Nematozebrias) keralensis Joglekar [A.], 1976:68, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 197 (no. 1-2); ref. 7341] Aleppy Kerala coast, Arabian Sea, India. Current status: Valid as Zebrias keralensis Joglekar, 1976. Soleidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias lucapensis Seigel & Adamson, 1985 - Seigel's sole [=Zebrias lucapensis Seigel [J. A.] & Adamson [T. A.], 1985:13, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 17276] Vicinity of Hundred Islands, Lucap Bay, Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Zebrias lucapensis Seigel & Adamson, 1985. Soleidae. Distribution: Westen Pacific off the Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias maculosus Oommen, 1977 - Oommen's sole [=Zebrias maculosus Oommen [V. P.], 1977:285, Fig. 7] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 74 (pt 2); ref. 7272] Arabian Sea, 9°30'N, 75°50'E, depth 150 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zebrias maculosus Oommen, 1977. Soleidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias munroi (Whitley, 1966) - Munro's sole [=Strabozebrias munroi Whitley [G. P.], 1966:238, Pl. 13] Notes: [Australian Zoologist v. 13 (pt 3); ref. 4734] Gulf of Carpentaria, 17°32'20"S, 140°33'35"E, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Zebrias munroi (Whitley, 1966). Soleidae. Distribution: Australia and New Guinea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Zebrias penescalaris Gomon, 1987 - duskybanded sole [=Zebrias penescalaris Gomon [M. F.], 1987:21] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 17667] Anxious Bay, South Australia, 33°28'S, 134°48'E, depth 30 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zebrias penescalaris Gomon, 1987. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia: South Australia and Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858) - fringefin zebra sole [=Aesopia quagga Kaup [J. J.], 1858:98] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Mumbai, India. Current status: Valid as Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858). Soleidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias regani (Gilchrist, 1906) - South African zebra sole [=Synaptura regani Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1906:160, Pl. 45] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 4; ref. 1647] 2 1/2 miles from mouth of Umhlanga River, off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 22-26 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zebrias regani (Gilchrist, 1906). Soleidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias scalaris Gomon, 1987 - manybanded sole [=Zebrias scalaris Gomon [M. F.], 1987:21, Synaptura fasciata Macleay [W.], 1882:14] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 17667] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Zebrias scalaris Gomon, 1987. Soleidae. Distribution: Australia: southern Queensland and Victoria. Habitat: marine. (fasciata) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 1); ref. 2870] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Zebrias scalaris Gomon, 1987. Soleidae. Habitat: marine. Species Zebrias synapturoides (Jenkins, 1910) - Indian zebra sole [=Solea synapturoides Jenkins [J. T.], 1910:28, Pl. 3 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 10428] Off Ganjam coast, India, depth 24-30 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zebrias synapturoides (Jenkins, 1910). Soleidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrias zebra (Bloch, 1787) - zebra sole [=Pleuronectes zebra Bloch [M. E.], 1787:27, Pl. 187, Solea fasciata Basilewsky [S.], 1855:261, Solea ommatura Richardson [J.], 1846:279, Solea zebrina Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:185, Pl. 95 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] East Indies [label says Indian Ocean]. Current status: Valid as Zebrias zebra (Bloch, 1787). Soleidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines, to China, Taiwan and Japan. Habitat: brackish, marine. (fasciata) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Shantung, China. Current status: Synonym of Zebrias zebra (Bloch, 1787). Soleidae. Distribution: Western Pacific off northern China (if valid). Habitat: marine. (ommatura) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; coasts of China; Sea of Borneo. Current status: Synonym of Zebrias zebra (Bloch, 1787). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Zebrias zebrina (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - Temminck's sole [=Solea zebrina Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:185, Pl. 95 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Valid as Zebrias zebrinus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Soleidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan to China. Habitat: marine.

************************************************************* Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Eusolea Roule [L.] 1919 Fem. Solea capellonis Steindachner 1868. Type by monotypy. Original not traced, reported by Jordan 1923:171 [ref. 2421] as a new name perhaps not intended as a generic name distinct from Solea. Current status: Uncertain. Soleidae.

Monochirus Kaup [J. J.] 1858:101 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Masc. Monochirus maculipinnis Kaup 1856. Type by monotypy. As "Monochirus Agass. nec. Cuv.", with description provided. Can be regarded as a new genus, dating to Kaup. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Monochirus Rafinesque 1814 and Monochirus Oken 1817 in fishes. Current status: Uncertain. Soleidae.

Pegusa de Buen [F.] 1926:94 [Resultado de las Campañas Realizadas por Acuerdos Internacionales, Madrid No. 2; ref. 5054] Fem. As a "grupo" for 3 species of Soleidae. Not available on basis of Art. 1.3.5 [see de Buen's definition of "grupo" on p. 11]; see Appendix A in Eschmeyer 1990:642 [ref. 20647]. Current status: Unknown. Soleidae.

Pseudaustroglossus Chabanaud [P.] 1937:932 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 205; ref. 794] Masc. Pseudaustroglossus annectens Chabanaud 1937. Type by monotypy. Author suggested that this taxon might be based on a hybrid between Synaptura lusitanica x Austroglossus microlepis; if based on a hybrid the name is unavailable. Current status: Uncertain. Soleidae.

Solea Klein [J. T.] 1776:115 [v. 3; ref. 4919] Fem. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. Soleidae.

Solea Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:582 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Fem. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1744:30 [ref. 30141]. Soleidae.

Solenoides Kaup [J. J.] 1858:96 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Name only, attributed to Bleeker, in synonymy of Synaptura Cantor. Not available; apparently never made available. •In the synonymy of Synaptura Cantor 1849. Current status: Synonym of . Soleidae.

(species) helotes, Aesopia Kaup [J. J.] 1858:99 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Coromandel, India. No types known. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:341 [ref. 25922]. Based on Russell, drawing 71. •Status uncertain -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:341 [ref. 25922]). •Synonym of Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1787) -- (Kottelat 2013:466 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1787). Soleidae. abnormis, Achirus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1929:163 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 5; ref. 16063] Fish market, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMA 109466. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:107 [ref. 19236]. •In Aserragodes Kaup 1858 based on placement of Beaufortella -- (see Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:192 [ref. 21500]). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. annectens, Pseudaustroglossus Chabanaud [P.] 1937:932 [1] [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 205; ref. 794] Estuary of Congo River, depth 20 meters. Holotype (unique): IRSNB 806. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:346 [ref. 25922]. Author suggested that this taxon might be based on a hybrid between Synaptura lusitanica x Austroglossus microlepis; if proposed for a hybrid the taxon is unavailable. Soleidae. commersoni, Solea (Brachirus) Swainson [W.] 1839:303 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] No types known. Based on Russ. No. 70 -- which is Russell 1803:Pl. 70 [ref. 13862]. Habitat: marine. megalepidoura, Brachirus Fowler [H. W.] 1934:347, Fig. 100 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Off east coast of Leyte Island, Philippines, Albatross station D.5204, depth 15 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 93081. Paratypes: USNM 93552-54 (2, 2, 1). Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:343 [ref. 25922]. Spelled megalepidura by Chabanaud 1938. Soleidae. Habitat: marine. angulatus, Pleuronectes Guichenot [A.] 1850:107 [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] Oran, Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:344 [ref. 25922]. •Possible synonym of Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau 1881) -- (Desoutter 1990:1039 [ref. 18967]). Current status: Uncertain as Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau 1881). Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. angulosa, Solea Kaup [J. J.] 1858:94 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] La Rochelle, France, Bay of Biscay, northeastern Atlantic; Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3223 (1), 0000-3242 (1), 0000-3241 (1). Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:323-324 [ref. 25922]. •Synonym of Dicologoglossa cuneata (Moreau 1881) -- (Torchio 1973:631 [ref. 6892], Desoutter 1990:1039 [ref. 18967]). •Synonym of Microchirus theophila (Risso 1810) -- (Desoutter 1990:1042 [ref. 18967]). •Synonym of the younger Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello 1867) -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:323 [ref. 25922] based on current usage). Soleidae. Habitat: marine. linguatula, Solea (Monochirus) Swainson [W.] 1839:303 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Rondelet 324. Monochirus is masculine, so species probably should have been lingulatus if an adjective. Possibly preoccupied by Monochirus linguatulus Thompson 1839. Soleidae.

linguatulus, Monochirus Thompson [W.] 1839:405 [Annals of Natural History, or Magazine of Zoology, Botany, and Geology v. 2 (no. 12) (art. 47); ref. 17906] Brixham, England. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Described independently of Monochirus linguatula Swainson 1839; earliest not researched; based on specimens and literature sources. Soleidae. maculipinnis, Monochirus Kaup [J. J.] (ex Agassiz) 1858:101 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] A misspelling of Monochir maculipennis Agassiz 1851 and not an original description. Mentioned by Desoutter et al. 2001:340 [ref. 25992]. Soleidae. monochirus, Pleuronectes Lichtenstein [M. H. C.] 1823:114 [Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin, nebst Beschreibung...; ref. 17525] Brazil. Try ZMB for type(s). Apparently an available overlooked name. pegusa, Monochirus Risso [A.] 1827:258 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Apparently wrongly treated as an original description with a holotype by Desoutter et al. 2001:322 [ref. 25922]. This is apparently a misidentification (new combination) of Pleuronectes pegusa Lacepède 1802 as redescribed by Risso 1810. Soleidae. pegusa, Monochirus Risso [A.] 1827:258 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Apparently wrongly treated as an original description with a holotype by Desoutter et al. 2001:322 [ref. 25922]. This is apparently a misidentification (new combination) of Pleuronectes pegusa Lacepède 1802 as redescribed by Risso 1810. Soleidae. argentea, Pleuronectes Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Petiver) 1788:77 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Philippines. No types known. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:344 [ref. 25922]. Based on the 'Solea philippensis argentea of Petiver 1702:41, Pl. 26 [ref. 30233]. Soleidae.

arnoglossa, Solea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14, 52 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Soleidae. buglossa, Solea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Unneeded replacement name for Pleuronectes solea Linnaeus 1758. Soleidae. cithara, Solea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14, 52 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Soleidae. commersoni, Solea (Brachirus) Swainson [W.] 1839:303 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] No types known. Based on Russ. No. 70 -- which is Russell 1803:Pl. 70 [ref. 13862]. Habitat: marine. cynoglossa, Solea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14, 53 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Soleidae. fischerei, Solea Steindachner [F.] 1879:150 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 15) (for 19 June 1879); ref. 20478] Río Mamoni near Chepo, Panama. Syntypes: (several) NMW. Species originally described as above, but later as fischeri when illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:161 [p. 13 in separate], Pl. 2 (fig. 8) [ref. 18782]. Soleidae. indica, Solea Günther [A.] 1862:474 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Madras, India. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1846.11.22.--. Soleidae. linguatula, Solea (Monochirus) Swainson [W.] 1839:303 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Rondelet 324. Monochirus is masculine, so species probably should have been lingulatus if an adjective. Possibly preoccupied by Monochirus linguatulus Thompson 1839. Soleidae. pilosa, Solea (Monochir) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1869:709 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869; ref. 14098] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7074. Soleidae. rudis, Solea Costa [O. G.] 1847:Pleuronettidae p. 40, Pl. 45 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Published 18 Nov. 1847. Soleidae.

russellii, Solea Bleeker [P.] 1851:15 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 9); ref. 16875] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (6) BMNH 1862.6.3.6 (1) Bleeker coll. Based on literature and specimens. Soleidae. sindensis, Solea Jenkins [J. T.] 1910:133 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 5 (art. 12); ref. 14478] Karachi market, Pakistan. Soleidae. variolosa, Solea Kner [R.] 1867:289, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18426] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 85305. Soleidae. vulgaris, Solea Risso [A.] 1827:247 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. If independent, then objectively invalid; preoccupied by Solea vulgaris Quensel 1806. Soleidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. zentilis, Pleuronectes Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 121 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy of Solea vulgaris Quensel 1806. Also not available from Ninni 1872:61 [ref. 17995] where Chiereghini manuscript is quoted but name not treated as valid. Soleidae. coeca, Cryptops Hardenberg [J. D. F.] 1931:125 [Treubia, Buitenzorg v. 13 (pt 1); ref. 16298] Rokan River mouth, Sumatra, Indonesia. No types known. Description as "no eyes, tentacles on the finrays, etc." footnote says the new species will be published in a short time. Later published as Typhlachirus caecus Hardenberg 1931; Cryptops coeca regarded as not available, not sufficient distinguishing features. Soleidae. annandalei, Zebrias Talwar [P. K.] & Chakrapany [S.] 1967:119, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta v. 20 (no. 2); ref. 20557] Puri Beach, Orissa, India. Holotype: ZSI F5011/2. Paratypes: ZSI F5012/2 (1). See Das 2003:377 [ref. 27706] with second author as Chakrapani and date 1968 and species as annandelei. Soleidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: marine. helotes, Aesopia Kaup [J. J.] 1858:99 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2578] Coromandel, India. No types known. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:341 [ref. 25922]. Based on Russell, drawing 71. •Status uncertain -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:341 [ref. 25922]). •Synonym of Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1787) -- (Kottelat 2013:466 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1787). Soleidae. jerreus, Pleuronectes Cuvier [G.] 1829:343 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India. No types known. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:344-345 [ref. 25922]. Available from footnote as, "Pl. jerreus, N., ou Jerré potoo, B., Russel, 71." •Unidentifiable -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:344 [ref. 25922]). •Synonym of Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1789) -- (Kottelat 2013:466 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1787). Soleidae.