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“BELGIUM” New Development, Trends and In-Depth Information on Selected Issues BELGIAN MONITORING CENTRE FOR DRUGS AND DRUG ADDICTION Scientific Institute of Public Health OD Public health and Surveillance 2013 NATIONAL REPORT (2012 DATA) TO THE EMCDDA BY THE REITOX NATIONAL FOCAL POINT “BELGIUM” New Development, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues REITOX Belgian national report on drugs 2013 OD Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, October 2013, Brussels, Belgium WIV-ISP/EPI REPORTS N° 028 Depot number: D/2013/2505 Belgian national report on drugs 2013 Els Plettinckx Jérôme Antoine Peter Blanckaert Johan C.H. van Bussel EMCDDA Management Board Mr. Claude GILLARD, Legal adviser, Head of the Department of criminal law, Direction Générale de la législation du Service Public Fédéral Justice Dr. Philippe DEMOULIN, Deputy Director General f.f., Administration de la Communauté française de Belgique EMCDDA Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Brice DE RUYVER, Full Professor, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), University of Ghent Ministers involved in the global and integrated drug policy in Belgium 2013 For the Federal government: Mr. Elio DI RUPO, Prime Minister. Mrs. Laurette ONKELINX, Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs, in charge of Beleris and the Federal Cultural Institutions. Mme. Joelle MILQUET, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of the interior and Equal Opportunities. Mr. Didier REYNDERS, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and European Affairs. Mr. Steven VANACKERE, Vice-Prime Minister, and Minister of Finance and sustainable development, in charge of official affairs. Mr. Vincent VAN QUICKENBORNE, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions. Mr. Johan VANDE LANOTTE, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, Consumers and North Sea. Mrs. Sabine LARUELLE, Minister of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Self-employed persons and Agriculture. Mr. Pieter DE CREM, Minister of Defense. Mr. Paul MAGNETTE, Minister of Public Enterprise, Science Policy and development cooperation, in charge of Big Cities. Mrs. Annemie TURTELBOOM, Minister of Justice. Mr. Olivier CHASTEL, Minister for Budget and Simplification Mrs. Monica DE CONINCK, Minister of Work. Mr. Philippe COURARD, State Secretary for Social Affairs, Family, Persons with Disabilities, in charge of employment risks. Mr. Melchior WATHELET, State Secretary for environment, energy, Mobility and state reform. Mr. Servais VERHERSTRAETEN, State Secretary for state reform, Facility Management, in charge of Official Affairs. Mrs. Maggie DE BLOCK, State Secretary for Asylum, Migration, Social Integration and Poverty Reduction Mr. Hendrik BOGAERT, State secretary for Official Affairs, Modernization of the Public Services. Mr. John COMBREZ, State Secretary for the fight against social and fiscal fraud. For the Walloon Region: Mr. Paul FURLAN, Minister of Local Authorities, Towns and Tourism. Mrs. Eliane TILLIEUX, Minister of Health, Social Action and Equal Opportunities. For the Federation Walloon-Brussels: Mrs. Fadila LAANAN, Minister for Culture, the Audiovisual Sector, Health and Equal Opportunities. For the Flemish Community and Flemish Region: Mr. Jo VANDEURZEN, Flemish Minister for Welfare, Public Health and Family. For the French Community: Mrs. Eliane TILLIEUX, Minister of Helath, social action and Equal Opportunities. For the German-speaking Community: Mr. Harald MOLLERS, Minister of Family, Public Health and Social Affairs. For the communal Community Commission: Mrs. Céline FREMAULT, Member of the Joint Board of the Common Community Commission (COCOM), responsible for Health and Civil Service Policy Mr. Guy VANHENGEL, Member of the Combined College of the Common Community Commission (COCOM), responsible for Health Policy, Finance, Budget and Foreign Relations. For the French Community Commission: Mrs. Céline FREMAULT, Member of the board of the French Community Commission (COCOF), responsible for Civil Service, Health policy and Vocational Training for the Self- Employed Table of content Summary .................................................................................................................................. V Chapter 1: Drug policy: legislation, strategy and economic analysis .................................. 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. Legal framework .................................................................................................................... 1 3. National action plan, strategy, evaluation and coordination .................................................... 4 3.1. National action plan and/or strategy ............................................................................. 4 3.2. Implementation and evaluation of national action plan and/or strategy ......................... 7 4. Economic analysis ................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2: Drug use in the general population and specific targeted groups ....................11 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................11 2. Drug use in the general population ........................................................................................11 3. Drug use in the school and youth population .........................................................................12 3.1. Drug use among Belgian school students ...................................................................12 4. Drug use among targeted groups / settings at national and local level ..................................16 4.1. Drug use in recreational settings in Belgium ................................................................16 Chapter 3. Prevention .............................................................................................................19 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................19 1.1.Activities .......................................................................................................................19 1.2.Policy ...........................................................................................................................20 2. Environmental prevention .....................................................................................................22 2.1.Alcohol and tobacco policies ........................................................................................22 2.2.Other social and normative changes ............................................................................23 3. Universal prevention .............................................................................................................24 3.1.School ..........................................................................................................................24 3.2.Family ..........................................................................................................................26 3.3.Community ...................................................................................................................27 4. Selective prevention in at-risk groups and settings ...............................................................32 4.1.At-risk groups ...............................................................................................................32 4.2.At-risk families ..............................................................................................................34 4.3.Recreational settings (incl. reduction of drug and alcohol related harm) .......................35 I 5. Indicated prevention .............................................................................................................37 5.1.Screening and brief intervention ...................................................................................37 5.2.Early intervention .........................................................................................................38 5.3.Self-care and self-help .................................................................................................39 6. National and local media campaigns ....................................................................................39 Chapter 4. Problem drug use .................................................................................................41 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................41 2. Prevalence and incidence estimates of PDU .........................................................................41 2.1. Indirect estimates of problem drug use ........................................................................41 3. Data on PDUs from non-treatment sources ...........................................................................44 3.1. Injecting drug users in contact with syringe exchange in the Flemish region ...............44 3.2 . High risk drug use within the party scene ...................................................................45 Chapter 5. Drug-related treatment: treatment demand and treatment availability .............47 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................47
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