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South African Monitor Assessing and Promoting Civil and Minority Rights in South Africa

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South African Monitor Assessing and Promoting Civil and Minority Rights in South Africa SAMonitor South African Monitor Assessing and Promoting Civil and Minority Rights in South Africa Report 5 - Year-end 2015 Zuma’s hybrid regime, the economy and sustainable communities Report researched, compiled and edited by Dr Heinrich Matthee Commissioned by South African Monitor SAMonitor 2 SAMonitor South African Monitor aims to assess and promote civil rights in general and minority rights in particular in South Africa. It provides reliable information on relevant events, analyses significant developments and signals new emerging trends. Focus areas include: • Key dynamics of the executive; • Democracy and the legislature; • Order, the judiciary and the rule of law; • Group relations and group rights; • Freedom of expression, privacy and the media; • Socio-economic rights and obligations; • The political risks to business. Biannual reports, of which this is the fifth edition, portray the current state of civil and minority rights in South Africa. All reports can be downloaded free of charge from the website, www.sa-monitor.com. The website also provides you with an opportunity to subscribe to future updates, as well as download auxiliary documents and articles relevant to the abovementioned focus areas. South African Monitor www.sa-monitor.com [email protected] +27-72-7284541 +31-61-7848032 3 SAMonitor 4 SAMonitor Table of Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................................9 Zuma’s hybrid regime, the economy and sustainable Communities .........................................................9 Part I: “Time to ditch the ANC”? .......................................................................................................... 14 A major change in foreign media reporting on the ANC .........................................................................14 Shift in consciousness among business ...................................................................................................15 Shift in consciousness among policy-makers ...........................................................................................15 Ideas have consequences ........................................................................................................................17 Part II: A new symbolic and political order ............................................................................................18 Weak fulfilment of the government’s security function ..........................................................................19 Partisan protection in the ANC’s hybrid regime? .....................................................................................20 The disappearance of non-racialism ........................................................................................................21 Zulufication in the ANC ............................................................................................................................23 Coalitions with traditional authorities and local strongmen ...................................................................24 New prominent sources of symbolic legitimation ...................................................................................25 A symbolic domain of nativism and violent scapegoat politics ...............................................................25 A shrinking social contract and indigenous cultural groups ....................................................................28 A rise in self-help initiatives and authority migration ..............................................................................30 Key dimensions of the new symbolic and political order ........................................................................31 Part III: The shift to a hybrid regime ....................................................................................................34 From a flawed democracy to a hybrid regime .........................................................................................34 ANC intolerance of dissenting views ........................................................................................................36 ANC politics “eats the state” ....................................................................................................................37 Pressures for higher taxes ........................................................................................................................39 Intense factional competition ..................................................................................................................39 ANC funding troubles ..............................................................................................................................41 Presidentialism and the executive ...........................................................................................................42 Party-state separation, cadre deployment and patronage ......................................................................42 Reshaping markets and the democratic playing field ..............................................................................44 Part IV: The legislature, elections and violent politics ............................................................................45 Weak separation of the executive and legislature ...................................................................................45 The non-alternation of power in a hybrid regime ...................................................................................46 The elections of 2014 ..............................................................................................................................47 A hybrid regime resting on 35% of eligible voters? .................................................................................48 A split in the Tripartite Alliance ...............................................................................................................49 Student protests indicate rebellious constituencies ................................................................................50 The non-democratic tenor of politics ......................................................................................................51 Political assassinations in a hybrid regime ...............................................................................................53 Part V: The politics of disorder and pressures on the judiciary ..................................................................54 Decreased separation of powers .............................................................................................................54 Zuma and the arms scandal .....................................................................................................................54 Zuma and the Nkandla scandal ................................................................................................................56 5 SAMonitor The increased role of politicized security services ...................................................................................57 ANC cadre deployment in the police .......................................................................................................59 The justice system and the judiciary ........................................................................................................60 Legal command and rent extraction by ANC cadres ................................................................................62 Part VI: Universities, the media and attempts at ANC control ................................................................... 63 Pressures on the autonomy of universities .............................................................................................63 Media freedom ........................................................................................................................................64 Potential for internet censorship .............................................................................................................66 Strained relations between the ANC and critical journalists ...................................................................67 Part VII: The threat to property and investor rights ............................................................................... 69 Increased political intervention and selective patronage ........................................................................69 Foreign business distrust and limited investment ...................................................................................69 Growing suspicion of ANC policies in business circles .............................................................................71 Foreign business perceptions worsen......................................................................................................73 ANC plans to weaken property rights ......................................................................................................74 Constitutional Court neutralized property rights clause in Constitution .................................................75 Disempowered foreign and South African property owners ...................................................................76 Creeping state ownership in the mining and energy sectors ...................................................................77 The weakening of foreign investor protection .........................................................................................78
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