DOCSLIB.ORG

Les Peuples Des Forêts Tropicales Aujourd'hui

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Les Peuples Des Forêts Tropicales Aujourd'hui Publié par: APFT - ULB, Centre d’Anthropologie Culturelle Avenue Jeanne 44 - 1000 Bruxelles Tél. 32-2-650 34 25 E-mail : [email protected] Extracts may be freely reproduced by the press or non-profit organisations, with acknowledgement. APFT would appreciate receiving copies of any material based on this book. Des ext r aits de cet ouvrage peuvent être librement repr oduits par la presse ou par des organ i s at i o n s sans but lucratif, en indiquant la source. APFT souhaiterait recevoir copie de tout matériel ayant fait usage des textes ou figures contenus dans le présent document. This study was achieved with the financial contribution of the European Commission. The authors are solely responsible for all opinions expressed in this document, which do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Cette étude a été réalisée avec l’aide financière de la Commission Européenne. Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ce document. Elles ne reflètent pas nécessairement celles de la Commission Européenne. Layout & Production : C+C Folon s.a. - Chaussée d’Alsemberg 247 - 1190 Bruxelles. Tél. 32-2-340.67.77 - E-mail : [email protected] TROPICAL RAINFOREST PEOPLES TODAY Volume V PACIFIC REGION Melanesia Christin KOCHER SCHMID and Roy ELLEN Scientific Editors Future of The Rainforest People Program Brussels - 2000 Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 2 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) Table of contents Volume 5 - PACIFIC I. OVERVIEW 5 II. PAPUA NEW GUINEA 29 Sites of Intensi ve Interdisciplinary Research (SSIR) Sites Intensifs Pluridisciplinaires (SIP) • Pio-Tura / Pawaia 31 • Vanimo-Kilimeri 57 Sites of Complementary Long-term Research Sites de Recherche Complémentaire de Longue durée • Ikundi / Ankave 87 • Musala / Kasua 123 • Nokopo / Yopno 141 • Trangap / Oksapmin 153 III. VANUATU 165 Sites of Intensi ve Interdisciplinary Research (SSIR) Sites Intensifs Pluridisciplinaires (SIP) • Santo / Vanuatu 167 Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 3 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 4 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) I OVERVIEW Christin KOCHER SCHMID Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 5 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) SUMMARY The research of the NRI (National Research Institute)-FRP team followed the outline set out in a questionnaire for the IIED (International Institute for Environment and Development) Country Study on Papua New Guinea, "Policy that Works for Forest and People". It contains a detailed set of research questions on issues of land use and forest management in rural communities (see appendix 1). This questionnaire was prepared by Colin Filer (NRI), Nikhil Sekhran (PNG Conservation and Resource Centre), Brian Brunton (Greenpeace), and Basil Peutalo (WWF-PNG). It was answered by expatriate social scientists working predominantly in rural areas throughout Papua New Guinea and by national university students. By incorporating these questions into our methodology, the results of NRI-FRP research can be compared to these existing data (Sillitoe, Filer n.d.). For the purpose of this report, the questionnaire has been slightly modified and was also answered by most other APFT/FRP researchers working in Melanesia. This introductory summary to our research follows, therefore, the structure of the IIED questionnaire, some detailed data are placed in tables (appendix 2) but commented upon in the text. Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 6 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) INTRODUCTION TO MELANESIA Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu belong geographically and culturally to Melanesia. In all three countries the same lingua franca, Neo-melanesian, in different mutually understandable variations is used: Pidgin in Papua New Guinea, Pijin in the Solomon Islands, Bislama in Vanuatu. APFT is active in three Melanesian countries of the Southwest Pacific: Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. These three Pacific nations exhibit many similarities: they are part of the Melanesian island chain stretching from just South of the equator in a South-eastern direction into the Pacific. They are subject to similar climatic conditions with high monsoonal rainfall regimes and also occasional cyclones, and the drought caused by the recent El Niño Southern Oscillation has seriously afflicted them. Their natural environment exhibits many common biotic elements, and there is not only a high natural but also a high cultural diversity. Their early colonial histories were similar: contacted first by Spanish and Portuguese explorers, then colonised by France, Germany and Great Britain in various combinations. The majority of the population of all three countries live in rural areas and their lives are based on a subsistence economy which makes use of a similar range of mainly tuberous staple crops. Their economic situation is also quite similar: low GNP and an export balance heavily dependent on the foreign driven extraction of natural resources (logging and mining) besides mainly small-scale cash-cropping (copra, coffee, tea, cocoa, oil palm and others). The secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy are underdeveloped. The three nations gained their independence between 1975 and 1980. Besides these common traits, there are also differences. The mainland of Papua New Guinea is the only large mass of land and the only island with high altitude (more than 2.000m ASL) areas. The islands which make up the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu are by comparison, numerous and low-lying. While Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands were was settled early (at least 40.000 years ago), human occupation of Vanuatu is more recent (about 3.000 years ago). In conservative view, the high altitude areas of New Guinea constitute one of the earliest centres of agriculture in the world with a history of cultivation stretching back 9.000 years. However, a low altitude economy based on arboriculture combined with low intensity gardening as observed at the Kilimeri research site goes back at least 20.000 years, and there is evidence that taro was planted in the Northern Solomon Islands at least 28.000 years ago (Spriggs 1998: 54). The interior of the Papua New Guinea mainland was much later contacted than the Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 7 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) islands further to the East and South. Only in 1930 the world realised that a large and dense population was living in the intermontane valleys of the Papua New Guinea mainland, while for instance the island of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu) was contacted in 1606 by Pedro Ferdinand de Queiros. Consequently the population of the islands was for centuries subject to blackbirding and forced labour, as well as afflicted by imported diseases. This is still noticeable in the demographic differences: while Papua New Guinea shows in its densest settled montane areas a considerable population pressure, Vanuatu has lower population densities. Solomon Islands: the export of unprocessed logs accounts for 50- 60% of the total export revenue. Papua New Guinea: mining accounts for about 45% of the total export value. Demographic growth is sometimes considered responsible for an increasing decline of forest cover and an obstacle to conservation. However, in Melanesia industrial resource extraction is the main factor in the process of deforestation. Logging and mining have deeply affected the people and their environment in the Solomon Islands and in Papua New Guinea, while in Vanuatu with its smaller landmass industrial resource extraction has just begun. Avenir des Peuples des Forêts Tropicales (APFT) 8 Future of Rainforest Peoples (FRP) 1. GEOGRAPHICAL SITU ATION AND DEMOGRAPHY Table 1:Geographical data (see Appendix 2) Table 2:Demography (see Appendix 2) Relevant policy areas: tropical forest, environment, population growth, health The natural richness and diversity found in Melanesia is reflected by the APFT research sites: seashore and swamps, hilltops and mountain valleys, with varying climatic conditions and vegetation types forming the backdrop. Melanesians have their own way to classify their forest land. Everywhere primary forest is distinguished from secondary, often expressed as "forest" versus "old garden" or "where many gardens have been cut." People whose territories include considerable differences in altitude also distinguish and have labels for different forest zones found at different altitudes. Others, where altitude is not a major factor determining species composition of forest, use the opposition between dry (hill) and wet (swamp) to distinguish between different forest zones. The extent of forest cover is related to altitude and population densities. The low altitude sites have low population densities (0,5 to 7 people/km2) and high percentages of forest cover (up to 99%); the high altitude sites show considerable population densities (16 people/km2) and reduced forest cover (30-40%). Contributing factors are: -higher vulnerability of high altitude forest to human disturbance, -the introduction of the cold-tolerant sweet potato 200 - 300 years ago, allowing for intensified agriculture at higher altitudes (Golson 1977). The long-term data from Nokopo demonstrate considerable population growth (+60%) for the last 10 years (see detailed report Nokopo). In contrast, the long-term data from Ikundi reveal a much slighter population growth (+10%) over the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Trans New Guinea Family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström
    2 The Trans New Guinea family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström 2.1 Introduction The island of New Guinea is a region of spectacular, deep linguistic diversity.1 It contains roughly 850 languages, which on present evidence fall into at least 18 language families that are not demonstrably related, along with several iso- lates.2 This immense diversity, far greater than that found in the much larger area of Europe, is no doubt mainly a consequence of the fact that New Guinea has been occupied for roughly 50,000 years by peoples organised into small kin-based social groups, lacking overarching political affiliations, and dispersed across a terrain largely dominated by rugged mountains and swampy lowlands, with quite frequent population movements. Among the non-Austronesian families of New Guinea one family stands out for its large membership and wide geographic spread: Trans New Guinea (TNG). With a probable membership of between 300 and 500 discrete languages, plus hundreds of highly divergent dialects, TNG is among the most numerous of the world’s language families.3 TNG languages are spoken from the Bomberai Pen- insula at the western end of mainland New Guinea (132 degrees E) almost to the eastern tip of the island (150 degrees E). Most of the cordillera that runs for more than 2000 kilometers along the centre of New Guinea is occupied exclusively by TNG languages. They are also prominent in much of the lowlands to the south of the cordillera and in patches to the north, especially from central Madang Province eastwards. There are possible outliers spoken on Timor, Alor and Pantar.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Trans New Guinea Family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström
    2 The Trans New Guinea family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström 2.1 Introduction The island of New Guinea is a region of spectacular, deep linguistic diversity.1 It contains roughly 850 languages, which on present evidence fall into at least 18 language families that are not demonstrably related, along with several iso- lates.2 This immense diversity, far greater than that found in the much larger area of Europe, is no doubt mainly a consequence of the fact that New Guinea has been occupied for roughly 50,000 years by peoples organised into small kin-based social groups, lacking overarching political affiliations, and dispersed across a terrain largely dominated by rugged mountains and swampy lowlands, with quite frequent population movements. Among the non-Austronesian families of New Guinea one family stands out for its large membership and wide geographic spread: Trans New Guinea (TNG). With a probable membership of between 300 and 500 discrete languages, plus hundreds of highly divergent dialects, TNG is among the most numerous of the world’s language families.3 TNG languages are spoken from the Bomberai Pen- insula at the western end of mainland New Guinea (132 degrees E) almost to the eastern tip of the island (150 degrees E). Most of the cordillera that runs for more than 2000 kilometers along the centre of New Guinea is occupied exclusively by TNG languages. They are also prominent in much of the lowlands to the south of the cordillera and in patches to the north, especially from central Madang Province eastwards. There are possible outliers spoken on Timor, Alor and Pantar.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to December 2014 A Kinum (Papua New Guinean people) Great Aboré Reef (New Caledonia) USE Kaulong (Papua New Guinean people) Récif Aboré (New Caledonia) A Kinum language BT Coral reefs and islands—New Caledonia USE Kaulong language Abui language (May Subd Geog) A Kinun (Papua New Guinean people) [PL6621.A25] USE Kaulong (Papua New Guinean people) UF Barawahing language A Kinun language Barue language USE Kaulong language Namatalaki language A’ara language BT Indonesia—Languages USE Cheke Holo language Papuan languages Aara-Maringe language Abulas folk songs USE Cheke Holo language USE Folk songs, Abulas Abaiang Atoll (Kiribati) Abulas language (May Subd Geog) UF Abaiang Island (Kiribati) UF Abelam language Apaia (Kiribati) Ambulas language Apaiang (Kiribati) Maprik language Apia (Kiribati) BT Ndu languages Charlotte Island (Kiribati) Papua New Guinea—Languages Matthews (Kiribati) Acira language Six Isles (Kiribati) USE Adzera language BT Islands—Kiribati Adam Island (French Polynesia) Abaiang Island (Kiribati) USE Ua Pou (French Polynesia) USE Abaiang Atoll (Kiribati) Adams (French Polynesia) Abau language (May Subd Geog) USE Nuka Hiva (French Polynesia) [PL6621.A23] Ua Pou (French Polynesia) UF Green River language Adams Island (French Polynesia) BT Papuan languages USE Ua Pou (French Polynesia) Abelam (New Guinea tribe) Admiralties (Papua New Guinea) USE (Abelam (Papua New Guinean people) USE Admiralty
    [Show full text]
  • Online Appendix To
    Online Appendix to Hammarström, Harald & Sebastian Nordhoff. (2012) The languages of Melanesia: Quantifying the level of coverage. In Nicholas Evans & Marian Klamer (eds.), Melanesian Languages on the Edge of Asia: Challenges for the 21st Century (Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication 5), 13-34. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ’Are’are [alu] < Austronesian, Nuclear Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo- Polynesian, Oceanic, Southeast Solomonic, Longgu-Malaita- Makira, Malaita-Makira, Malaita, Southern Malaita Geerts, P. 1970. ’Are’are dictionary (Pacific Linguistics: Series C 14). Canberra: The Australian National University [dictionary 185 pp.] Ivens, W. G. 1931b. A Vocabulary of the Language of Marau Sound, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies VI. 963–1002 [grammar sketch] Tryon, Darrell T. & B. D. Hackman. 1983. Solomon Islands Languages: An Internal Classification (Pacific Linguistics: Series C 72). Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. Bibliography: p. 483-490 [overview, comparative, wordlist viii+490 pp.] ’Auhelawa [kud] < Austronesian, Nuclear Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo- Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic linkage, Papuan Tip linkage, Nuclear Papuan Tip linkage, Suauic unknown, A. (2004 [1983?]). Organised phonology data: Auhelawa language [kud] milne bay province http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/abstract.asp?id=49613 1 Lithgow, David. 1987. Language change and relationships in Tubetube and adjacent languages. In Donald C. Laycock & Werner Winter (eds.), A world of language: Papers presented to Professor S. A. Wurm on his 65th birthday (Pacific Linguistics: Series C 100), 393-410. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University [overview, comparative, wordlist] Lithgow, David.
    [Show full text]
  • Relational Transformations in Papua New Guinea Pascale Bonnemère
    Acting for Others: Relational Transformations in Papua New Guinea Pascale Bonnemère To cite this version: Pascale Bonnemère. Acting for Others: Relational Transformations in Papua New Guinea. HAU Books, 2018, 978-0-9973675-8-4. hal-01796588 HAL Id: hal-01796588 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01796588 Submitted on 26 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ACTING FOR OTHERS Hau BOOKS Editors Giovanni da Col Sasha Newell Editorial Office Faun Rice Sheehan Moore Michael Chladek Michelle Beckett Justin Dyer Ian Tuttle www.haubooks.com ACTING FOR OTHERS RELAtiONAL TRANSFORMAtiONS in PAPUA NEW GUINEA By Pascale Bonnemère Translated by Nora Scott Hau Books Chicago © 2018 Hau Books and Pascale Bonnemère Cover, © Pascale Bonnemère Foreword, © 2018 Hau Books and Marilyn Strathern Cover and layout design: Sheehan Moore Typesetting: Prepress Plus (www.prepressplus.in) ISBN: 978-0-9973675-8-4 LCCN: 2017917361 Hau Books Chicago Distribution Center 11030 S. Langley Chicago, IL 60628 www.haubooks.com Hau Books is printed, marketed, and distributed by The University of Chicago Press. www.press.uchicago.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Acting for Others Hau Books
    ACTING FOR OTHERS Hau BOOKS Editors Giovanni da Col Sasha Newell Editorial Office Faun Rice Sheehan Moore Michael Chladek Michelle Beckett Justin Dyer Ian Tuttle www.haubooks.com ACTING FOR OTHERS RELAtiONAL TRANSFORMAtiONS in PAPUA NEW GUINEA By Pascale Bonnemère Translated by Nora Scott Hau Books Chicago © 2018 Hau Books and Pascale Bonnemère Cover, © Pascale Bonnemère Foreword, © 2018 Hau Books and Marilyn Strathern Cover and layout design: Sheehan Moore Typesetting: Prepress Plus (www.prepressplus.in) ISBN: 978-0-9973675-8-4 LCCN: 2017917361 Hau Books Chicago Distribution Center 11030 S. Langley Chicago, IL 60628 www.haubooks.com Hau Books is printed, marketed, and distributed by The University of Chicago Press. www.press.uchicago.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. In memory of Tenawi, who died in bringing life into the world in 1992. And Ikundi beri and Onorwae, my two cherished companions, who died in 2004. And to Matrena,without whom my work among the Ankave would have been very different. Table of Contents List of illustrations xi Foreword xiii Marilyn Strathern Preface to the English translation xix Introduction 1 Mothers are born, fathers are made 10 We arrive in the Suowi Valley 17 chapter 1 An out-of-the-way situation: Prohibitions and relations 25 The Anga and their anthropologists 36 The Anga in The gender of the gift 39 chapter 2 “Your wife is pregnant. Cover your head!” 45 A special meal 48 Preparing the vegetal blood 54 Food taboos 56 Lime: A male product? 58 viii ACTING FOR OTHERS chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Module 2.4 Language Ecology an Introduction to The
    Language Strand Unit 2: The Nature of Language Supplementary Module 2.4 Language Ecology An Introduction to the Ecology of PNG Community Languages Student Support Material LA 2.4 Language Ecology ii Acknowledgements Materials written and compiled by Dr Steve Pickford in consultation with Elizabeth Topa, Holy Trinity PTC, Ben Tamengit, Gaulim PTC and George Kinavai, Madang PTC. Layout and diagrams supported by Nick Lauer. Date: 4 August 2003 PASTEP Primary and Secondary Teacher Education Project Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) GRM International Papua New Guinea-Australia Development Cooperation Program Additional Student Support Material LA 2.4 Language Ecology iii Unit outline Unit # Modules 1 Language Families (Core) Unit 2 2 Spoken and Written Language (Core) The Nature of Language 3 Language Structure (Core) 4 Language Ecology (Optional) Icons Read or research Write or summarise Activity or discussion Additional Student Support Material LA 2.4 Language Ecology iv Contents Part A: An Introduction to the Ecology of PNG Community Languages Introduction: Language Ecology………………………………………………….….1 Reading 1: Vanishing voices – the ecology of language …………………………5 Languages as Memories…………………………………………………………....13 Language as Identities……………………………………………………………....14 Language Ecology and the impact of literacy………………………………….….16 Selecting and encoding a language ……………………………………………….17 Problems of standardisation……………………………………………………...…17 Language Shift……………………………………………………………………….18 Types of Languages……………………………………………………………...….19 Why is it important?………………………………………………………………….21 Appendix 1: Languages of Papua New Guinea List ……………………………..22 Additional Student Support Material LA 2.4 Language Ecology 1 Part A: An Introduction to the Ecology of PNG Community Languages Prerequisites An Introduction to the Ecology of PNG Community Languages (3.3a) is the first of two modules on the topic of Language at Home and at School, within Unit 3: Language as Social Practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Plank, Frans, Editor
    1 Bibliography 1. Li, C. N.; Lang, R. The Syntactic Irrelevance of an Ergative Case in Enga and Other Papuan Languages. In: Plank, Frans, Editor. Ergativity: Towards a Theory of Grammatical Relations. London: Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd; 1979: 307-324. Note: [fw: Enga; form lit: Kewa, Kiwai, Duna, Barai, Waffa, Yessan-Mayo]. 2. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Did Speakers of Proto Oceanic Chew Betel? Journal of the Polynesian Society. 1998; 107: 335-363. Note: [fw: Manam; from lit & pcs: Hote, Tubetube, Motu, Takia, Lukep-Pono, Gedaged, Numbami, Gitua]. 3. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Further Evidence for Proto-Oceanic *Ñ. Oceanic Linguistics. 1979; 18(2): 171-201. Note: [from lit: Kairiru]. 4. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. A Grammar of Manam. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press; 1983. xxiii, 647 pp. (Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications; v. 18). Note: [fw July 1976 - March 1977: Dangale vill Manam]. 5. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Individuation Hierarchies in Manam. In: Hopper, Paul J.; Thompson, Sandra A., Editors. Syntax and Semantics, Volume 15: Studies in Transitivity. New York: Academic Press, Inc.; 1982: 261-276. Note: [fw 1976-1977: Manam]. 6. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Leadership in Proto-Oceanic Society: Linguistic Evidence. Journal of the Polynesian Society. 1986; 95: 341-356. Note: [fw: Manam; from lit: Kairiru]. 7. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Multiple Uses of Reciprocal Constructions. Australian Journal of Linguistics. 1985; 5: 19-41. Note: [fw: Manam]. 8. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Object Marking in Manam Verbs. University of Hawaii Working Papers in Linguistics. 1978; 10(1): 145-164. Note: [fw: Manam]. 9. Lichtenberk, Frantisek. On the Morphological Status of Thematic Consonants in Two Oceanic Languages. In: Bradshaw, Joel; Rehg, Kenneth L., Editors.
    [Show full text]
  • Stone Text Paste Up
    Pandanus Online Publications, found at the Pandanus Books web site, presents additional material relating to this book. www.pandanusbooks.com.au THE CHANGING SOUTH PACIFIC THE CHANGING SOUTH PACIFIC Identities and Transformations Edited by Serge Tcherkézoff and Françoise Douaire-Marsaudon Translated by Nora Scott PANDANUS BOOKS Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Cover: Photography by Bob Cooper © Serge Tcherkézoff and Françoise Douaire-Marsaudon 2005 © Copyright for translation Nora Scott 2005 This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Typeset in Garamond 11pt on 13.5pt and printed by Pirion, Canberra National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Pacifique-Sud aujourd’hui: identités et transformations culturelles. English. The changing South Pacific: identities and transformations. Bibliography. ISBN 1 74076 203 7. 1. Ethnology — Oceania. 2. Oceania — Politics and government. I. Tcherkézoff, Serge. II. Douaire-Marsaudon, Françoise. III. Scott, Nova. IV. Title. 305.800995 Editorial inquiries please contact Pandanus Books on 02 6125 3269 www.pandanusbooks.com.au Published by Pandanus Books, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Pandanus Books are distributed by UNIREPS, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052 Telephone 02 9664 0999 Fax 02 9664 5420 Production: Ian Templeman, Duncan Beard and Emily Brissenden vii Acknowledgments n 1990, a member of our temporary research group — Identités et transformations des Isociétés océaniennes — in the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique suggested that each member of the group contribute an article on the theme of identity and transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Classification of Papuan Languages
    Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012 Part II ISSN: 0023-1959 Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea ISSN: 0023-1959 Special Issue 2012 Harald Hammarström & Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.) History, contact and classification of Papuan languages Part Two Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012 Part II ISSN: 0023-1959 A classification of Papuan languages Søren Wichmann Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper provides a basic classification of 737 Papuan doculects pertaining to 513 different ISO 639-3 codes, in addition to 9 doculects that have not been assigned ISO 639-3 codes. Ethnologue (Lewis 2009) catalogues 848 non-Austronesian languages of New Guinea. Thus, this paper covers 60% of these languages. The point of the paper is to provide a solid benchmark for the classification of languages in a region which is clearly the most poorly understood in the world. The classification combines two different proposals, one of which is the classification by Harald Hammarström (2010), augmented by personal correspondence (2012), and the other is a classification based on methods of the Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP). The former represents a conservative sifting of published evidence for language family affiliations and the latter provides an automated classification based on similarity among 40 lexical items selected for maximal stability. An ASJP tree annotated for Hammarström’s families allows for identifying cases where the latter apparently fail to be coherent and should therefore possibly be broken up into smaller units, as well as cases where families should possibly be merged.
    [Show full text]
  • Organised Phonology Data
    Organised Phonology Data Angave (Ankave) Language [AAK] Kaintiba – Gulf Province Trans New Guinea Phylum; Angan Stock-level Family Population census: 900 Major villages: Linguistic work done by: SIL (based on 12 years work) Data checked by: Rick Speece (December 1992) Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory ɑ ᵐb ⁿd e ᵑɡ i ə ⁿdz k x m n ŋ o p ɾ s t u w j ʔ a b d e g i ɨ j k x m n ŋ o p r s t u w y ´ A B D E G I Ɨ J K X M N Ŋ O P R S T U W Y Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p t k ʔ Nasal m n ŋ Trill Tap/Flap ɾ Fricative s x Lateral Fricative Approx j Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos /w/ voiced labial-velar approximant /ᵐb/ prenasalized bilabial plosive /ⁿd/ prenasalized alveolar plosive /ᵑɡ/ prenasalized velar plosive /ⁿdz/ prenasalized alveolar affricate Angave (Ankave) OPD Page 2 s 'opossum' p pikwɨ 'tail' s ɨ xweapi 'pandanus' gɨrasɨ 'grass' (loanword) ᵐb bí 'parrot sp.' k kixɨ 'parrot sp.' nɨwibɨxɨ 'bird sp.' ékɨí 'plant sp.' m mé 'lips' ᵑɡ gɨwɨ 'meat' ramiá 'betel nut' xegɨ 'his' gwé 'vine' w wo 'one' owɨ 'wrap' ŋ ŋɨŋɨé 'locust' kwí 'tree sp.' aŋɨ 'house' wákwiar n 'cut in two' ɨ ɨ sɨŋwɨ 'eye' rag 'blod' t ɨ ʔ ɨá 'bag' kirá 'knife' kirá 'knife' d 'breath' ⁿd ɨŋɨ x xe 'it' id ó 'birdie' ɨ soxɨ 'rattan' xweapi 'pandanus' n naŋɨ 'good' aná 'shrimp' j yaɨ 'name' ayá 'liver' ⁿdz joxɨ 'you, m.s.' majɨ 'marsupial sp.' Vowels i u e o ə ɑ i imɨŋɨ 'wind' e emá 'moon' sɨpí 'bad' ewé 'canoe' é 'arrow' ékɨí 'plant sp.' ɨ Angave (Ankave) OPD Page 3 ə ɨpɨ 'it' ɑ amɨŋɨ 'breast' rɨpɨ 'this' wará 'baby' s á 'dark' rɨá 'fire' ɨ sá 'thigh' ráɨ 'refuse' ɨ niáw 'ripe' o omiŋɨ 'garden' iɑ ɨ saŋɨ 'drum' ear n 'he is hitting' arɨo 'grandfather' eɑ ɨ ɨ nɨmearɨ 'getting' u úpikwɨ 'chest' aiw 'plant sp.' sureŋɨ 'toe' ɑi ɨ waíw 'ladder' Bɨu '(a village name)' ɨ oɑ nɨroarɨ 'extract' /iɑ/ /eɑ/ /ɑi/ /oɑ/ Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Syllable Patterns CV wá 'heart' wá.tá 'board' má.tɨ.mɨ 'a taro' a.nɨ 'house' VV ai 'suddenly' au.pɨ.ŋɨ 'a betel nut' VV aí.wɨ 'tongue' CVV pie.
    [Show full text]