App. 1 APPENDIX a Marine Corps Force Integration Plan
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Women in Ground Close Combat Roles: the Experiences of Other Nations and a Review of the Academic Literature
iUNLIMITED Women in Ground Close Combat Roles: The Experiences of other Nations and a Review of the Academic Literature Paul Cawkill, Alison Rogers, Sarah Knight, & Laura Spear Human Systems Group Grenville Building DSTL/CR37770 V3-0 Information 29 September, 2009 Management Department Dstl Portsdown West Fareham, Hants PO17 6AD © Crown copyright 2010 Dstl UNLIMITED 1 UNLIMITED This document has been prepared for MOD and, unless indicated, may be used and circulated in accordance with the conditions of the Order under which it was supplied. It may not be used or copied for any non-Governmental or commercial purpose without the written agreement of Dstl. © Crown copyright 2009 Defence Science and Technology Laboratory UK Approval for wider use or release must be sought from: Intellectual Property Department Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ. Authorisation (Complete as applicable) Name Signature Group Leader David Shirley Date Date Dept Sig Project Manager Gareth Weller Date Date Proj Sig Technical Reviewer Geoff Barrett Date Date Tech Sig UNLIMITED UNLIMITED Executive summary The exclusion of women from specific male roles in the military is covered under Section 85(4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (Application to Armed Forces etc.) Regulations 1994. A European Community Equal Treatment Directive stipulates that a review of the role of women in certain ground close combat environments should be undertaken every eight years, in order to determine if maintaining such derogation from the Act is still justifiable. The next review is due in 2010. In order for the MoD to make an informed opinion based on the existing scientific data relating to this issue, the Dstl Human Systems Group was tasked by Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Personnel) to consider the experiences of other nations in employing women in ground close combat roles/environments, and to undertake a literature review of the recent research on the effectiveness of mixed gender teams (i.e. -
Basic Branches of the United States Army Basic Branch Information After
Basic Branches of the United States Army Basic Branch Information After graduation from ROTC Advanced Camp and before commissioning, cadets make the most important decision of their emerging Army career which branch to serve in. The reasons for choosing a branch are varied and personal. The choice can based on the desire to use the academic credentials gained while at school or simply a desire to do something exciting. The 16 basic branches available to cadets are all important to the total Army force and each cannot function without the other. Adjutant General To plan, develop, and direct systems for managing the Army's personnel, administrative, and Army band systems. These systems impact on unit readiness, morale, and soldier career satisfaction, and cover the life cycle management of all Army personnel. Air Defense Artillery The primary mission will be to protect the force and critical tactical and geopolitical assets. This important task is made especially challenging by the evolution of modern tactical ballistic missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and aircraft. Armor/Cavalry The heritage and spirit of the United States Calvary lives today in Armor. And although the horse has been replaced by 60 tons of steel driven by 1,500HP engine, the dash and daring of the Horse Calvary still reside in Armor. Today, the Armor branch of the Army (which includes Armored Calvary), is one of the Army's most versatile combat arms. It’s continually evolving to meet worldwide challenges and potential threats. Aviation One of the most exciting and capable elements of the Combined Arms Team. As the only branch of the Army that operates in the third dimension of the battlefield, Aviation plays a key role by performing a wide range of missions under diverse conditions. -
The Uncertain Role of the Tank in Modern War: Lessons from the Israeli Experience in Hybrid Warfare
No. 109 JUNE 2016 The Uncertain Role of the Tank in Modern War: Lessons from the Israeli Experience in Hybrid Warfare Michael B. Kim The Uncertain Role of the Tank in Modern War: Lessons from the Israeli Experience in Hybrid Warfare by Michael B. Kim The Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AN INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE PAPER The purpose of the Institute of Land Warfare is to extend the educational work of AUSA by sponsoring scholarly publications, to include books, monographs and essays on key defense issues, as well as workshops and symposia. A work selected for publication as a Land Warfare Paper represents research by the author which, in the opinion of ILW’s editorial board, will contribute to a better understanding of a particular defense or national security issue. Publication as an Institute of Land Warfare Paper does not indicate that the Association of the United States Army agrees with everything in the paper but does suggest that the Association believes the paper will stimulate the thinking of AUSA members and others concerned about important defense issues. LAND WARFARE PAPER No. 109, June 2016 The Uncertain Role of the Tank in Modern War: Lessons from the Israeli Experience in Hybrid Warfare by Michael B. Kim Major Michael B. Kim currently serves as the Squadron Executive Officer for the 8th Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment, 2d Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2d Infantry Division. Prior to his current position, he graduated from the Command and General Staff College (CGSC), Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and completed the Art of War Scholars Program. -
Olwell-Chapter IX
IX. CURRENT ARCHITECTURE A. INTRODUCTION The Current architecture of the USMC Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) is a Combined Arms and self-sustaining task-organized force, commonly a MEB within the framework of a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) establishment. The MEB bridges the gap between the MEU, task-organized to provide a forward deployed presence, and the much larger MEF. The composition of the MEB is scalable and flexible, and varies with changing scenarios and nature of operations. The current architecture introduced here is based on a force structure required for conventional littoral assault scenario designed exclusively for the ExWar studies. With 30 days of sufficient supplies for sustained operations, the MEB is capable of conducting Amphibious Assault Operations and MPF operations. During potential crisis situations, a MEB may be forward deployed afloat for an extended period to provide an immediate combat response. A MEB can operate independently or serve as the advance echelon of a MEF. In essence, the MEB comprises the Command Element (CE), Ground Combat Element (GCE), Aviation Combat Element (ACE), and Combat Service and Support Element (CSSE), operating from amphibious ship platforms operated of the United States Navy. B. STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION A notional MEB structure and organization specific to the ExWar studies have been conceived based on the ideology and concept of operations of the existing USMC MEF doctrines. The “notional” MEB is a tasked organized force designed to respond to a full range of operations. The “notional” MEB size force is about 17,000 men and women. 1. Command Element (CE) The MEB command element is embedded in the MEF command element and identified by line number for training and rapid deployment. -
The U.S. Military's Force Structure: a Primer
CHAPTER 2 Department of the Army Overview when the service launched a “modularity” initiative, the The Department of the Army includes the Army’s active Army was organized for nearly a century around divisions component; the two parts of its reserve component, the (which involved fewer but larger formations, with 12,000 Army Reserve and the Army National Guard; and all to 18,000 soldiers apiece). During that period, units in federal civilians employed by the service. By number of Army divisions could be separated into ad hoc BCTs military personnel, the Department of the Army is the (typically, three BCTs per division), but those units were biggest of the military departments. It also has the largest generally not organized to operate independently at any operation and support (O&S) budget. The Army does command level below the division. (For a description of not have the largest total budget, however, because it the Army’s command levels, see Box 2-1.) In the current receives significantly less funding to develop and acquire structure, BCTs are permanently organized for indepen- weapon systems than the other military departments do. dent operations, and division headquarters exist to pro- vide command and control for operations that involve The Army is responsible for providing the bulk of U.S. multiple BCTs. ground combat forces. To that end, the service is orga- nized primarily around brigade combat teams (BCTs)— The Army is distinct not only for the number of ground large combined-arms formations that are designed to combat forces it can provide but also for the large num- contain 4,400 to 4,700 soldiers apiece and include infan- ber of armored vehicles in its inventory and for the wide try, artillery, engineering, and other types of units.1 The array of support units it contains. -
Pinnacle 19-1 Bio Book.Pdf
BBIIOOGGRRAAPPHHIICCAALL DDAATTAA BBOOOOKK Pinnacle 19-1 25-29 March 2019 National Defense University SENIOR FELLOWS Admiral Sam J Locklear, US Navy (Ret) Admiral Locklear started as a Capstone, Keystone, Pinnacle Senior Fellow in 2019. He is President of SJL Global Insights LLC, a global consulting firm specializing in a wide range of security and defense issues and initiatives. Today he serves on the Board of Directors of the Fluor Corporation, Halo Maritime Defense Systems, Inc., the National Committee on U.S. China Relations, is a Senior Advisor to the Center for Climate and Security and New York University’s Center for Global Affairs, is a Senior Fellow at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees United States Naval Academy Alumni Association. He also occasionally consults for HII, Raytheon IDS, and Fairfax National Security Solutions. In 2015 he retired from the US Navy after serving with distinction for over 39 years, including 15 years of service as a Flag Officer. During his significant tenure Admiral Locklear lead at the highest levels serving as Commander U.S. Pacific Command, Commander U.S. Naval Forces Europe and Africa, and Commander of NATO’s Allied Joint Force Command. In 2013 Defense News ranked him eleventh out of the 100 most influential people in global defense issues. As Commander U.S. Pacific Command, the United States’ oldest and largest geographic unified combatant command, he commanded all U.S. military forces operating across more than half the globe. He accurately assessed the rapidly changing geopolitical environment of the Indo-Asia-Pacific, the most militarized area of the world, made significant advancements in how U.S. -
DACS Working Paper February 1996 the British and American Armies in World War II: Explaining Variations in Organizational Learni
DACS Working Paper February 1996 The British and American Armies in World War II: Explaining Variations in Organizational Learning Patterns Eric Heginbotham The Defense and Arms Control Studies Program is a graduate-level, research and training program based at the MIT Center for International Studies. It is supported by core grants from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the DACS Corporate Consortium. WP #96-2 I I The British and American Armies in World War II: Explaining Variations in Organizational Learning Patterns Eric Heginbotham February 1996 Defense and Arms Control Studies Program Working Papers Series L Introduction During the Second World War, American and British armored units fought against the same foe on the same ground using the same equipment. American effectiveness improved dramatically in three years of active operations. British effectiveness improved at a much slower rate during their five years of activity. By 1944, American units were more adept at employing combined arms in concert to achieve a variety of ends, attacking with greater flexibility, and following up tactical success to reap operational and strategic benefits. Why did these military organizations learn and improve at different rates? This question is of more than historical interest. It helps us understand the more fundamental question of how large and complex organizations "learn" lessons and adapt to new circumstances. This paper examines three candidate explanations -
A Sisterhood of Arms: Envisioning Conscription and Selective Service Post-Gender Integration of Combat Arms
Buffalo Law Review Volume 64 Number 5 Article 5 12-1-2016 A Sisterhood of Arms: Envisioning Conscription and Selective Service Post-Gender Integration of Combat Arms Erin R. Goldberg Buffalo Law Review Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview Part of the Military, War, and Peace Commons, and the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Erin R. Goldberg, A Sisterhood of Arms: Envisioning Conscription and Selective Service Post-Gender Integration of Combat Arms, 64 Buff. L. Rev. 1135 (2016). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview/vol64/iss5/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Buffalo Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Sisterhood of Arms: Envisioning Conscription and Selective Service Post-Gender Integration of Combat Arms ERIN R. GOLDBERG† INTRODUCTION It was the worst kept secret in the United States military 1 for years: women in combat. Although military doctrine had prevented females from formally serving in frontline combat occupations, few could deny by the late 2000s that women were situated in roles throughout the military that placed them directly on the battlefield. Part of this had to do with a shift in military warfare. The world no longer was engaged in conflicts like those of World War I and II. Now the frontline was wherever the enemy could reach, which, with long-range missiles and mortars and guerilla style tactics, meant just about anywhere. -
Chapter 3: Department of the Navy
Chapter 3: Department of the Navy Overview In addition to aircraft carriers, the Navy has about The Department of the Navy (DoN) includes the active 120 surface combatants (see Table 3-1), which consist, components of the Navy and Marine Corps, the Navy in roughly decreasing order of size, of cruisers, destroy- Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, and all federal civil- ers, frigates, and littoral combat ships. The Navy also ians employed by the Navy or Marine Corps. It is the includes 10 amphibious ready groups (ARGs)—sets of second-largest military department by number of mili- three amphibious ships that transport Marine Corps tary personnel and has the second-largest operation and ground and air units when they are deployed. Finally, support (O&S) budget. Because of its sizable acquisition the Navy maintains a fleet of submarines, including funding, however, it has a larger total budget than any more than 50 attack submarines, which are responsible other military department. for attacking enemy surface ships and submarines, and 14 ballistic missile submarines, which are responsible for The integration of the Navy and Marine Corps in a providing about two-thirds of the United States’ nuclear single department reflects the historical relationship deterrent (as measured by the number of nuclear weap- between those two services. Marines originated as sea- ons they carry). based soldiers who were transported on naval vessels, engaged in hand-to-hand combat during sea battles, and The Marine Corps is a hybrid service, with units that provided armed landing parties for operations onshore engage in combat on the ground and in the air. -
Assessment of Changes in Marines' Perspectives During the GCE
Assessment of Changes in Marines’ Perspectives During the GCE ITF Volume 2: Surveys, Focus Groups, and Interview Instruments Michelle Dolfini-Reed, Elizabeth Bradley, Bradley Dickey, Yancey Hrobowski, and Jessica Wolfanger with Craig Goodwyn, Cathy Hiatt, Laura Kelley, Kletus Lawler, Lauren Malone, and Charles Nickerson August 2015 Distribution Unlimited This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Distribution Cleared for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N00014-11-D-0323. Photography Credit: U.S. Marine Corps PFC Cristina Fuentes Montenegro of Delta Company, Infantry Training Battalion (ITB), School of Infantry-East (SOI-E), kneels during an accountability drill after completing a 20-kilometer hike at Camp Geiger, North Carolina, Oct. 28, 2013. Delta Company is the first company at ITB with female students as part of a measured, deliberate, and responsible collection of data on the performance of female Marines when executing existing infantry tasks and training events. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl Anthony Quintanilla, Combat Camera, SOI-E/ Released) Approved by: August 2015 Anita U. Hattiangadi – Research Team Leader Marine Corps Manpower Team Resource Analysis Division Copyright © 2015 CNA Abstract The Commandant of the Marine Corps tasked the Ground Combat Element Integrated Task Force (GCE ITF) to train and operate as an integrated combat arms unit to support the development and validation of gender-neutral occupational standards and to assess the effects of gender integration on various measures of readiness and mission success within closed GCE units. This annex provides the baseline, the posttraining, and the postassessment survey instruments, the male and female Marine volunteer focus group facilitator’s guides, and the leadership focus group and interview facilitator’s guide. -
Growing the Ranks of African-American Infantry and Armor Officers Part I
Growing the Ranks of African-American Infantry and Armor Officers Part I: Introduction The United States Army is widely recognized for its outstanding and well- deserved reputation for integrating previously excluded groups, specifically racial minorities and women. Presently, the Army has a shortage of senior African-American officers due to underrepresentation in the ground maneuver branches, Infantry and Armor. Both branches are central to the Army’s core competencies: combined arms maneuver and wide area security,1 where leaders apply the warfighting functions,2 typically provided by operational support and force sustainment branches in the successful conduct of combat operations. Accordingly, Infantry and Armor produced 32% of the Army’s currently serving general officers and ten of the Army’s 12 four-star generals.3 However, African-Americans compose only six percent of the Infantry and Armor branches and only eight percent of the General Officer population,4 despite comprising 13 percent of the officer corps and 21 percent of the enlisted ranks.5 Thus, the Army faces the challenge of building a senior officer corps that represents the increasing diversity of the population it serves and the formation of Soldiers that they will lead. General Raymond T. Odierno, the Army’s 37th Chief of Staff, addressed the importance and difficulty of building diversity in the senior leader ranks through accessions into the Infantry and Armor branches during an address to ROCKS Incorporated6 on 30 March 2012 when he stated, “I don't know what's causing it [underrepresentation of African-Americans in Infantry and Armor], but it's something that weighs heavily on me because I need African-American leaders at all ranks. -
24Th Marine Expeditionary Unit Public Affairs Office Camp Lejeune, N.C
24th Marine Expeditionary Unit Public Affairs Office Camp Lejeune, N.C. Contact: 1stLt Adam Flores Office: 910-451-0615 Cell: 910-358-5272 Email: [email protected] Release #1-14 July 14, 2014 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit conducts training in Natural Bridge, Va. CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C. – Marines and Sailors of the Camp Lejeune, N.C.-based 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit will conduct training near the towns of Natural Bridge, Lynchburg, Dinwiddie, and Creeds, Virginia, in the coming days to help them prepare for their pending deployment later this year. The Marines from Camp Lejeune will conduct this training from July 21-30, with exercises planned off base for July 23, in Natural Bridge, July 24, in Dinwiddie, and July 29, in Creeds, Virginia, as part of their Realistic Urban Training Exercise, or RUT, which allows the Marines to train in completely new areas that are unique from the standard training facilities they use on bases. Marines will also utilize the Falwell Airport in Lynchburg as a staging area for military aircraft in preparation for the Natural Bridge training exercise. Much of the training will center on what the Marines call situational training exercises. The MEU will be issued a series of mock orders, designed to replicate the types of missions they’re likely to face during their deployment, then plan the missions in detail and execute them in pre- designated locations that have already been coordinated with community officials and law enforcement. Residents of Natural Bridge, Dinwiddie, Creeds, and surrounding communities, may see Marines and role players periodically throughout the exercise and are likely to notice more military aircraft and ground vehicles than usual operating in the area.