DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Questions Baker & S.B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Questions Baker & S.B Redhaired pine bark beetle Responses of Redhaired Pine Bark Beetle (RPBB), Hylurgus ligniperda , and Associated Subcortical Coleoptera to Host Volatiles in Southern California Mary Louise Flint 1, Deguang Liu 1,2 Jana C. Lee 1,2 , Robert Beiriger 3 , Richard L. Penrose 4, Donald E Bright 5, Steven J. Seybold 2 1University of California Davis, Department of Entomology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616 2USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 720 Olive Drive, Suite D, Davis, CA, 95616 3University of Florida, IFAS-EREC, 3200 E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA Photo by A.G. Gutierrez and D.N. Thomas 4Pest Detection / Emergency Projects, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 1220 N Street, Rm A-330, Sacramento, CA 95814 5C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA Photo by A.G. Gutierrez and D.N. Thomas The invader 2.5 c 4. Flight response of Hylastes 2 Photo by J.R. Research Questions Baker & S.B. Bambara tenuis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Redhaired Pine Bark Beetle (RPBB) 1.5 b host semiochemicals Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) ( Coleoptera : • How would flying RPBB adults respond to host volatiles? Scolytidae ) • What seasonal flight pattern does RPBB have in Southern 1 Scolytidae ) a a Hylastes tenuis was attracted to α- California? The redhaired pine bark beetle (RPBB) 0.5 pinene, but not to ethanol. Ethanol • How diverse are subcortical insects associated with exotic was first found overwintering in North (+SE) /wk /trap No. Mean synergized the attraction of α-pinene. Mediterranean pines in Southern California? 0 America in New York in 2000. In July Unbaited (–)- α- Ethanol (–)- α- 2003, it was detected in Los Angeles • How would those subcortical insects respond to host volatiles? Pinene Pinene + Co., California. RPBB has since been Ethanol What was found? 5. Flight response of collected in flight traps in urban and 1. Flight response of RPBB to α-pinene and ethanol at three (–)- α-Pinene + Arhopalus syriacus more remote forest lands in Orange, c C Ethanol (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego sites in Los Angeles County, California a A Ethanol to host semiochemicals and Ventura Cos. (–)- α-Pinene + c C Both male and female A. Ethanol (–)- α-Pinene b B syriacus responded to α-pinene, a A Ethanol a A • ANOVA, P < Unbaited ♂ ♀ but not to ethanol. Ethanol Where is it from? 0.05, followed by Tukey test 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 synergized the attraction of α- Approximate native range of RPBB Native range Europe, Mediterranean, and Asia (–)- α-Pinene b B Mean No. /trap /wk (+SE) pinene to males and females. Also invaded Australia, Brazil, Chile, Japan, New a A Unbaited ♂ ♀ A Zealand, St. Helena Island, South (–)- α-Pinene + b B 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 Africa, Swaziland, Uruguay, U.S. ethanol 6. Flight responses of Mean No. / trap/ wk +SE b Amphicerus cornutus How RPBB entered the U.S. is unknown, but it likely Ethanol B α-Pinene was attractive to RPBB, and ethanol was not. Ethanol (Pallas) (A), Scobicia arrived with solid wood packing material associated with (–)- α-Pinene www.planiglobe.com and α-pinene worked synergistically to attract RPBB. No a A declivis (LeConte) (B), and imported goods. ♂ ♀ differences were found in the responses of males and females. Unbaited a A S. suturalis (Horn) (C) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) What are the potential impacts? 2. Seasonal flight pattern of RPBB in Los Angeles County, B to host semiochemicals California from 2006 to 2007 (–)- α-Pinene + b B RPBB is generally a secondary pest attacking the lower ethanol A 120 stem and roots of dead or stressed pines, but has been b 100 Ethanol B B reported to kill healthy trees and seedlings. A major 80 concern is that RPBB could vector black-stain root (–)- α-Pinene a A 60 Photos / sbnature.org disease, Leptographium wageneri , a virulent native ♂ ♀ C 40 Unbaited a A pathogen that currently threatens western pines though a Photos: A, Am. cornutus ; B, S. declivis ; 20 native bark beetle vector system. 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 C, S. suturalis % Maximum response Maximum % 0 C (–)- α-Pinene + Left: Adult maturation feeding on a pine seedling; Right: Adults under bark/photo W.M. Ciesla b B 7-Jul ethanol 1-Jun 8-Jun 2-Oct 5-Apr All three bostrichids showed 5-Mar 28-Jul 4-May 20-Apr 27-Apr 15-Jun 23-Jun 17-Oct 27-Oct 17-Jan 30-Jan 16-Apr 21-Nov 14-Mar 20-Mar 25-Aug 13-Dec 28-Dec 19-Feb 11-May 18-May 25-May significant responses to bark Date Ethanol c C What is its biology? ethanol. The addition of α- The pioneer sex (female) is attracted to volatiles from pine phloem ♀♀♀ Seasonal flight activity fluctuated from April (2006) to April (–)- α-Pinene a A pinene tended to decrease hosts, and bores through the bark, constructs a “nuptial (2007), peak activity was observed in the spring (March to early ♂ ♀ the attraction of ethanol for Unbaited a A chamber” in the phloem, and may emit an aggregation xylem RPBB female -initiated May) and summer (late July). Activity was low from August to all the three species, but only pheromone. January, and increased from mid-February. 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 S. suturalis Mean No. /trap /wk (+SE) significantly for . One RPBB female mates with one male. The female lays ♀ up to 500 eggs in a long gallery, often laying eggs in a few ♀♀ ♂♂♂ 3. Flight response of Xyleborinus saxeseni (Coleoptera: Research Summary batches. Scolytidae) to host semiochemicals 90 The flight of RPBB occurred year round with major peaks in the spring b How was the study conducted? 80 (March to early May) and summer (late July). A wide range of other Xyleborinus saxeseni 70 subcortical Coleoptera were trapped in the experiment including 22 • Host volatiles attached to 12-unit Photo by S. Hinkley & K. Walker was attracted to ethanol, 60 b species of Scolytidae, 6 species of Bostrichidae, 3 species of Colydiidae, Lindgren funnel traps in 150 ml pouches 50 (ethanol) or 5X 15 ml poly bottles (95%- but not to α-pinene. The 40 and 5 species of Cerambycidae. Ethanol and/or (–)-ααα-pinene elicited addition of α-pinene did 30 significant flight responses from RPBB, X. saxeseni , H. tenuis , A. (–)-α-pinene) purchased from Pherotech • Attractive baits drew in hundreds not significantly effect 20 syriacus, Am. cornutus , S. declivis , and S. suturalis . The combination of Inc., Delta, B.C., Canada. (+SE) /wk /trap No. Mean a of beetles. 10 a ethanol and (–)-ααα-pinene can be used in early detection for RPBB and • Four blocks established; trap cups the response to ethanol 0 • Data analyzed by using repeated positioned about 20 cm above ground; traps Unbaited (–)- α- Ethanol (–)- α- other invasive species. measures ANOVA, P < 0.05; means Pinene Pinene + Acknowledgements: Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, the USDA Forest Service Forest Health completely randomized within a block; and Ethanol Protection and by the UC IPM Exotic/Invasive Pests and Diseases program (grant # 05XU039). We acknowledge Zachary Heath (USDA FS FHP) for compared with Tukey test. making the distribution map. We thank grounds managers at Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park (R. Guiney), Mountain Meadows Golf Course (C. re-randomized with each collection. Hackman), Canyon Crest Golf Course (R. MacBeth), and Descanso Gardens (R. Sease). .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biology and Ecology of Leptographium Species and Their Vectos As Components of Loblolly Pine Decline Lori G
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 Biology and ecology of Leptographium species and their vectos as components of loblolly pine decline Lori G. Eckhardt Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Eckhardt, Lori G., "Biology and ecology of Leptographium species and their vectos as components of loblolly pine decline" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2133. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2133 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF LEPTOGRAPHIUM SPECIES AND THEIR VECTORS AS COMPONENTS OF LOBLOLLY PINE DECLINE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology by Lori G. Eckhardt B.S., University of Maryland, 1997 August 2003 © Copyright 2003 Lori G. Eckhardt All rights reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable input provided by my dissertation advisor, Dr. John P. Jones. Among many other things, he has demonstrated his patients, enthusiasm and understanding as I struggled to pursue my graduate studies. I am indebted to Dr. Marc A. Cohn, for his guidance, encouragement, support and most of all, his friendship.
    [Show full text]
  • New Reports of Exotic and Native Ambrosia and Bark Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Ohio
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 40 Numbers 3 & 4 - Fall/Winter 2007 Numbers 3 & Article 10 4 - Fall/Winter 2007 October 2007 New Reports of Exotic and Native Ambrosia and Bark Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) From Ohio Danielle M. Lightle Ohio State University Kamal J.K. Gandhi University of Georgia Anthony I. Cognato Michigan State University Bryson J. Mosley Ohio State University David G. Nielsen Ohio State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Lightle, Danielle M.; Gandhi, Kamal J.K.; Cognato, Anthony I.; Mosley, Bryson J.; Nielsen, David G.; and Herms, Daniel A. 2007. "New Reports of Exotic and Native Ambrosia and Bark Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) From Ohio," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 40 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol40/iss2/10 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. New Reports of Exotic and Native Ambrosia and Bark Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) From Ohio Authors Danielle M. Lightle, Kamal J.K. Gandhi, Anthony I. Cognato, Bryson J. Mosley, David G. Nielsen, and Daniel A. Herms This peer-review article is available in The Great Lakes Entomologist: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol40/iss2/10 Lightle et al.: New Reports of Exotic and Native Ambrosia and Bark Beetle Species 194 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Root-Feeding Beetles and Their Associated Fungi on Longleaf Pine in Georgia
    INSECTÐSYMBIONT INTERACTIONS Ecology of Root-feeding Beetles and Their Associated Fungi on Longleaf Pine in Georgia 1 JAMES W. ZANZOT, GEORGE MATUSICK, AND LORI G. ECKHARDT School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn University, AL 36849 Environ. Entomol. 39(2): 415Ð423 (2010); DOI: 10.1603/EN09261 ABSTRACT Root-feeding beetles, particularly of the curculionid subfamilies Scolytinae and Mo- lytinae, are known to be effective vectors of Ophiostomatoid fungi. Infestation by these insects and subsequent infection by the Ophiostomatoid fungi may play an important role in accelerating symptom progression in pine declines. To examine the relationship between beetles and fungi in longleaf pine stands, root-feeding curculionids were collected in pitfall traps baited with ethanol and turpentine for 62 wk, and Ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from their body surfaces. The most abundant root- feeding beetles captured were Hylastes tenuis, H. salebrosus, Pachylobius picivorus, Hylobius pales, and Dendroctonus terebrans. The number of insects captured peaked in spring and fall, although peaks for different insect taxa did not coincide. The most frequently isolated fungi were Grosmannia huntii, Leptographium procerum, L. terebrantis, and L. serpens. Other Ophiostomatoid fungi recovered in- cluded Ophiostoma spp. and Pesotum spp. Insect infestation data suggest that Hylastes spp. share an ecological niche, as do Hb. pales and P. picivorus, because the ratios of their fungal symbionts were similar. The fungi associated with D. terebrans suggest that it did not share habitat with the other principle vectors. KEY WORDS bark beetles, regeneration weevils, Ophiostomatoid fungi, Pinus palustris, Lep- tographium spp Bark beetles and regeneration weevils (Coleoptera: (Mannerheim) (Witcosky et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Cogongrass, Insect Biodiversity and Pine Decline
    Cogongrass, Insect Biodiversity and Pine Decline Nancy J. Loewenstein, Stephen F. Enloe, Sallie Martin and Ben Brunson Auburn University OBJECTIVES • Impacts of cogongrass infestations on insect communities of southeastern pine forests • Influence of cogongrass management strategies on insect diversity and abundance • Influence of cogongrass on susceptibility of pines to pine decline COGONGRASS, ITS MANAGEMENT AND INSECT BIODIVERSITY (STUDY 1) • Study sites: – 10-year-old planted longleaf pine forests – one in Mobile county, one in Baldwin county, AL – Heavily infested with cogongrass (90-100% cover) – Sandy loam soils • Treatments: – Prescribed fire – Glyphosate – Seeding with mix of native species – Control • Design: – Split plot with CRD – 10 X 10 m plots – 5 replicates per treatment – Non-cogongrass control PRESCRIBED FIRE TREATMENT • Block containing half of the plots was burned in March of 2010 • Good weather conditions to minimize fire severity Still got a bit hot! NJL NJL burned unburned GLYPHOSATE TREATMENTS • April, 2010 - 6 weeks post-burn, pre-flowering , regrowth 12-18” • 2.5% v/v • October, 2010 – regrowth 18- 36” • 4.0% v/v • both treatments applied with a single nozzle backpack sprayer at 55 GPA and 20 PSI SEEDING WITH NATIVE PLANTS • Plots were lightly disked • Broadcast sown • April 2010 • Feb 2011 2010 SPECIES LIST common sunflower Helianthus annuus 35% switchgrass 'Carthage' Panicum virgatum 32% purpletop tridens Tridens flavus 10% partridge pea Chamaecrista fasciculata 15% dixie ticktrefoil Desmodium tortuosum 2% largeflower
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Ethanol and Α-Pinene in a Generic Trap Lure Blend for Pine Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern United States
    Effects of Ethanol and α-Pinene in a Generic Trap Lure Blend for Pine Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern United States Author: Miller, D.R. Source: Journal of Entomological Science, 55(3) : 310-320 Published By: Georgia Entomological Society URL: https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.3.310 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Entomological-Science on 01 Aug 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library (NAL) Effects of Ethanol and a-Pinene in a Generic Trap Lure Blend for Pine Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern United States1 D.R. Miller2 USDA–Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA J. Entomol. Sci. 55(3): 310–320 (July 2020) Abstract Managers of detection programs for bark and wood-boring beetles require cost- effective trap lure combinations that maximize species detections.
    [Show full text]
  • Root-Inhabiting Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Their Fungal Associates Breeding in Dying Loblolly Pine in Alabama
    238 Florida Entomologist 96(1) March 2013 ROOT-INHABITING BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) AND THEIR FUNGAL ASSOCIATES BREEDING IN DYING LOBLOLLY PINE IN ALABAMA GEORGE MATUSICK1,3, ROGER D. MENARD2, YUAN ZENG3 AND LORI G. ECKHARDT3 1The Nature Conservancy, Chattahoochie Fall Line Project, Fort Benning, GA, USA 2U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. Pineville, LA, USA 3School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University. Auburn, AL *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Root feeding bark beetles in the genus Hylastes Hylastes breeding in loblolly pine across 3 crown (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) common- condition classes (healthy, dying, dead). Addition- ly carry ophiostomatoid fungi (Ophistomatales: ally, the relationship between ophiostomatoid Ophistomataceae)and collectively contribute to species, their Hylastes species vectors, and tree root disorders of Pinus species around the world condition were investigated. (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001). One of the most dam- Loblolly pine stands across central Alabama aging root disorders is black-stain root disease have experienced high mortality rates, character- of conifers in the Western United States, caused ized by scattered stand mortality with a distinct by the fungal species Leptographium wageneri lack of above-ground pests (Brown & McDowell Kendrick and its primary beetle vector H. nig- 1968). During an investigation of one stand in rinus (Mannerheim) (Witcosky et al. 1986). Re- May 2008 in central Alabama, dying trees were cently, Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff and H. tenuis found to be infested with root-inhabiting beetles Eichhoff have been associated with loblolly pine and their associated ophiostomatoid fungi. Six (Pinus taeda L.) decline (Eckhardt et al. 2007), trees were selected based on crown condition, in- which is considered an emerging forest health is- cluding 2 with green, healthy crowns (healthy), sue in the southeastern United States (Eckhardt 2 with severely chlorotic and thinning crowns et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila | Other Diptera | Ephemeroptera
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Information Resources on the Care and Use of Insects Agricultural 1968-2004 Research Service AWIC Resource Series No. 25 National Agricultural June 2004 Library Compiled by: Animal Welfare Gregg B. Goodman, M.S. Information Center Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us : http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Policies and Links Adult Giant Brown Cricket Insecta > Orthoptera > Acrididae Tropidacris dux (Drury) Photographer: Ronald F. Billings Texas Forest Service www.insectimages.org Contents How to Use This Guide Insect Models for Biomedical Research [pdf] Laboratory Care / Research | Biocontrol | Toxicology World Wide Web Resources How to Use This Guide* Insects offer an incredible advantage for many different fields of research. They are relatively easy to rear and maintain. Their short life spans also allow for reduced times to complete comprehensive experimental studies. The introductory chapter in this publication highlights some extraordinary biomedical applications. Since insects are so ubiquitous in modeling various complex systems such as nervous, reproduction, digestive, and respiratory, they are the obvious choice for alternative research strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • ' Sciencedirect
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com r*;@d Forest Ecology ScienceDirect and ..' Management Forest Ecology and Management 254 (2008) 134-144 Effects of prescribed fire and other plant community restoration treatments on tree mortality, bark beetles, and other saproxylic Coleoptera of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the Coastal Plain of Alabama Joshua W. Campbell *, James L. Hanula, Kenneth W. Outcalt USDA Forest Sewice, Southern Research Station, 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA Received 7 September 2006, received in revised form 19 July 2007; accepted 20 July 2007 Abstract Treatments to restore understory plant communities of mature (50-80-year old) longleaf pine (PinuspalustrisMill.) and reduce risks of wildfire were applied to 10 ha plots that had a substantial shrub layer due to lack of fire. Plots were located in the Coastal Plain of Alabama and treatments consisted of: (1) untreated control, (2) growing season prescribed bum, (3) thin only. (4) thin plus growing season bum, and (5) herbicide plus growing season bum. Thin plus bum plots had significantly higher tree mortality compared to bum only and control plots and, overall, fire was the primary cause of tree death. Most tree mortality occurred within 1-year of treatment. From 2002 to 2004, we captured 75,598 Coleoptera in multiple funnel traps comprising 17 families and 130 species. Abundance of all Coleoptera combined was not different among treatments. Species richness was significantly higher on thin plus bum plots compared to thin only and control plots. Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant on thin plus burn plots compared to control plots in fall 2002 but in fall 2003 they were more abundant on thin plus bum, thin only, and herbicide plus bum compared to controls.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Risk Mapping System for the Use of Managing
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2007 An assessment of the risk mapping system for the use of managing loblolly pine decline sites within red-cockaded woodpecker habitat Roger Dale Menard Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Menard, Roger Dale, "An assessment of the risk mapping system for the use of managing loblolly pine decline sites within red- cockaded woodpecker habitat" (2007). LSU Master's Theses. 2920. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2920 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK MAPPING SYSTEM FOR THE USE OF MANAGING LOBLOLLY PINE DECLINE SITES WITHIN RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER HABITAT A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In The Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology By Roger Dale Menard Bachelor of General Studies, Northwestern State University, 1995 August 2007 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable input provided by my first advisor, Dr. John P. Jones, retired. He gave me the chance and initial encouragement to begin my program. I am indebted to Dr. Gordon Holcomb, for taking Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Root-Inhabiting Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Their Fungal Associates Breeding in Dying Loblolly Pine in Alabama
    238 Florida Entomologist 96(1) March 2013 ROOT-INHABITING BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) AND THEIR FUNGAL ASSOCIATES BREEDING IN DYING LOBLOLLY PINE IN ALABAMA GEORGE MATUSICK1,3, ROGER D. MENARD2, YUAN ZENG3 AND LORI G. ECKHARDT3 1The Nature Conservancy, Chattahoochie Fall Line Project, Fort Benning, GA, USA 2U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. Pineville, LA, USA 3School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University. Auburn, AL *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Root feeding bark beetles in the genus Hylastes Hylastes breeding in loblolly pine across 3 crown (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) common- condition classes (healthy, dying, dead). Addition- ly carry ophiostomatoid fungi (Ophistomatales: ally, the relationship between ophiostomatoid Ophistomataceae)and collectively contribute to species, their Hylastes species vectors, and tree root disorders of Pinus species around the world condition were investigated. (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001). One of the most dam- Loblolly pine stands across central Alabama aging root disorders is black-stain root disease have experienced high mortality rates, character- of conifers in the Western United States, caused ized by scattered stand mortality with a distinct by the fungal species Leptographium wageneri lack of above-ground pests (Brown & McDowell Kendrick and its primary beetle vector H. nig- 1968). During an investigation of one stand in rinus (Mannerheim) (Witcosky et al. 1986). Re- May 2008 in central Alabama, dying trees were cently, Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff and H. tenuis found to be infested with root-inhabiting beetles Eichhoff have been associated with loblolly pine and their associated ophiostomatoid fungi. Six (Pinus taeda L.) decline (Eckhardt et al. 2007), trees were selected based on crown condition, in- which is considered an emerging forest health is- cluding 2 with green, healthy crowns (healthy), sue in the southeastern United States (Eckhardt 2 with severely chlorotic and thinning crowns et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Pathways for Exotic Plant Pest Movement Into and Within the Greater Caribbean Region
    Evaluation of Pathways for Exotic Plant Pest Movement into and within the Greater Caribbean Region Caribbean Invasive Species Working Group (CISWG) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL) EVALUATION OF PATHWAYS FOR EXOTIC PLANT PEST MOVEMENT INTO AND WITHIN THE GREATER CARIBBEAN REGION January 9, 2009 Revised August 27, 2009 Caribbean Invasive Species Working Group (CISWG) and Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL) Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) ______________________________________________________________________________ Authors: Dr. Heike Meissner (project lead) Andrea Lemay Christie Bertone Kimberly Schwartzburg Dr. Lisa Ferguson Leslie Newton ______________________________________________________________________________ Contact address for all correspondence: Dr. Heike Meissner United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27607, USA Phone: (919) 855-7538 E-mail: [email protected] ii Table of Contents Index of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations and Definitions .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • And Wood-Boring Coleoptera (Scolytidae., Platypodidae., Curculionidae., Buprestidae., Cerambycidae) in a North Florida Slash Pine Plantation
    Flight Patterns of Phloem- and Wood-Boring Coleoptera (Scolytidae., Platypodidae., Curculionidae., Buprestidae., Cerambycidae) in a North Florida Slash Pine Plantation THOMAS H. ATKINSON, JOHN L. FOLTZ, AND MICHAEL D. CONNOR' Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Environ.Entomol.17(2): 259-265 (1988) ABSTRACT Sticky traps adjacent to severed and tipped slash pines and window traps with ethanol as attractant and collecting fluid (randomly located in the stand) were used to monitor flight patterns of Scolytidae, Platypodidae, Curculionidae, Buprestidae, and Cerambycidae in a slash pine plantation in North Florida. Forty-nine species were trapped, of which 35 breed in pines and 14 in hosts in the understory and nearby cypress domes. Sticky and window traps differed greatly with respect to speciestrapped, relative abundance of species, and seasonal trends ill numbers of species, specimens, and diversity. Sticky traps caught a greater proportion of the pine-breeding species in the area. Window trap catches were dominated by ambrosia beetles, apparently attracted to ethanol, and included most of the species associated with the understory and cypress domes. Scolytidae and Platypodidae, present throughout the year, may breed continuously under local conditions. Larger species of Curl'ulionidae, Buprestidae, and Cerambycidae showed distinct peaks and were absent during much of the year. Most pine-breeding scolytids showed peaks in the fall, spring, or both, with lows during the hottest and coldest months. There was a general correlation between breeding habits and height of window traps in which insects were captured. KEY WORDS Insecta, Coleoptera, flight patterns, slash pine WINDOW TRAI'S have been used in different forest of beetles in a slash pine plantation and compare types in Alaska (Beckwith 1972), Maine (Hosking the two types of traps for monitoring beetle activ- & Knight 1975), Missouri (Roling & Kearby 1975), ity.
    [Show full text]