Phylogenetic Relationships Within Parrots (Psittacidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome-B Gene Sequences
ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 23: 191–198 (2006) 2006 Zoological Society of Japan Phylogenetic Relationships Within Parrots (Psittacidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome-b Gene Sequences Dwi Astuti1,2*†, Noriko Azuma2, Hitoshi Suzuki2 and Seigo Higashi2 1Zoological Division, Research Center for Biology, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, PO. Box 25 Bogor, Indonesia 2Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kitaku Kita 10 Nishi 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Blood and tissue samples of 40 individuals including 27 parrot species (15 genera; 3 subfamilies) were collected in Indonesia. Their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 907 bp of the mito- chondrial cytochrome-b gene, using the maximum-parsimony method, the maximum-likelihood method and the neighbor-joining method with Kimura two-parameter distance. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that (1) cockatoos (subfamily Cacatuinae) form a monophyletic sister group to other parrot groups; (2) within the genus Cacatua, C. goffini and C. sanguinea form a sister group to a clade containing other congeners; (3) subfamily Psittacinae emerged as paraphyletic, consist- ing of three clades, with a clade of Psittaculirostris grouping with subfamily Loriinae rather than with other Psittacinae; (4) lories and lorikeets (subfamily Loriinae) emerged as monophyletic, with Charmosyna placentis a basal sister group to other Loriinae, which comprised the subclades Lorius; Trichoglossus+Eos; and Chalcopsitta+Pseudeos. Key words: phylogeny, parrots, Psittacidae, mitochondrial, cytochrome-b chromosome (Christidist et al., 1991b) data suggested that INTRODUCTION cockatoos are distinct from lorikeets and other parrots, The bird group of parrots (Order Psittaciformes) com- which seem to be closely related to one another, del Hoyo prises approximately 350 species in 83 genera (Smith, et al.
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