World Bank Document

Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00001845 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT (TF-58243 TF-58244 TF-58245) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized Grant IN THE AMOUNT OF (US$ 0.85 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE Naandi Foundation FOR A Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Scheme Project Public Disclosure Authorized September 19, 2011 GPOBA India SAR Public Disclosure Authorized i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective March 28, 2011) Currency Unit = Indian rupee (INR) US$ 1.00 = 44.8397 FISCAL YEAR ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Vice President: Isabel M. Guerrero Country Director: Roberto Zagha Sector Manager: Ming Zhang Project Team Leader: Cledan Mandri-Perrott ICR Team Leader: Josses Mugabi ii COUNTRY Project Name CONTENTS Data Sheet A. Basic Information B. Key Dates C. Ratings Summary D. Sector and Theme Codes E. Bank Staff F. Results Framework Analysis G. Ratings of Project Performance in ISRs H. Restructuring I. Disbursement Graph 1. Project Context, Development Objectives and Design ............................................... 1 2. Key Factors Affecting Implementation and Outcomes .............................................. 1 3. Assessment of Outcomes ............................................................................................ 2 4. Assessment of Risk to Development Outcome ........................................................... 2 5. Assessment of Bank and Borrower Performance ....................................................... 3 6. Lessons Learned ......................................................................................................... 3 7. Comments on Issues Raised by Borrower/Implementing Agencies/Partners ............ 3 Annex 1. Project Costs and Financing ............................................................................ 4 Annex 2. Outputs by Component ................................................................................... 5 Annex 3. Economic and Financial Analysis ................................................................... 6 Annex 4. Bank Lending and Implementation Support/Supervision Processes .............. 7 Annex 5. Beneficiary Survey Results ............................................................................. 8 Annex 6. Stakeholder Workshop Report and Results ..................................................... 9 Annex 7. Summary of Borrower's ICR and/or Comments on Draft ICR ..................... 10 Annex 8. Comments of Cofinanciers and Other Partners/Stakeholders ....................... 11 Annex 9. List of Supporting Documents ...................................................................... 12 MAP iii I N S E R T D A T A S H E E T H E R E AFTER APPROVAL BY COUNTRY DIRECTOR AN UPDATED DATA SHEET SHOULD BE INSERTED MANUALLY IN HARD COPY BEFORE SENDING A FINAL ICR TO THE PRINT SHOP. NOTE: The Data Sheet is generated by the system using the information entered in the Operations Portal each time you use “Send Draft”, “Print” or “Submit Final” functions. iv 1. Project Context, Development Objectives and Design 1.1 Context at Appraisal In 2005, India was a low-income country with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of $720 compared to the world average of $6,9871 at that time. The population of India in 2005 was estimated at 1,132 million, of which 71% or 766 million resided in rural areas and the rest in urban areas. An estimated 21% of communicable diseases in the country were water related, and the number of deaths due to diarrhea alone was 700,000 in a single year. Although 86 % of the population had access to improved water sources, only 18% of the rural households had access to an improved water source. The State of Andhra Pradesh (AP) where the pilot project was implemented is considered a leading reform state in India, with a clear long-term strategy toward infrastructure development laid down in its Vision 2020 document. It is the fifth most populous state in the country with approximately 80 million people, which in 2005, accounted for nearly 8% of the country’s total population. In addition, the GNI per capita in AP was below India’s average. Disparities between rural and urban development indicators in AP was noticeable, given that the rural population accounted for 73% of the state’s total and was relatively poorer. In 2005, AP had made considerable progress in its development agenda. Back in the late 1990s, the state was relatively poor and in the midst of a fiscal crisis. In 1999/2000, AP’s GNI per-capita was around US$385, nearly 22% of its population was below the poverty line, and the state’s fiscal deficit to gross state development product (GSDP) ratio was reaching the 5% mark. Since then, the state made impressive progress in all dimensions of development. Per-capita income rose to nearly US$700 in 2005, although this was still slightly below the national average at that time2. During the same period, water supply coverage increased from 3% to 65% of the total population3. Despite these improvements, approximately 17 million people or over 22% of the total population in the State had experienced bacteriological contamination of water at the time of project appraisal. Rural households in the coastal districts of AP were the most affected. Most of the villages in these coastal districts were dependent on irrigation canals/ponds for drinking water, which was being treated through slow sand filters and distributed through individual household taps and public taps. But due to the poor operation and maintenance of the slow sand filters and the distribution network, the quality of water available to rural households was extremely poor. For example, it was estimated that over 500,000 people lived with severe fecal contamination level of >2,000 Most Probable Number per milliliter (MPN/ml), whereas the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit for fecal contamination is <100 MPN/ml. Thus, at the time of project appraisal, there was a clear need for increased investment in improving access to safe drinking water for the rural poor in AP, together with creating awareness among 1 World Development Indicators Database, World Bank, 1 July 2006. 2 India - Third Andhra Pradesh Economic Reform Credit/Loan Development Policy Lending, Program Document, 11 December 2006. 3 Environmental Health in India-Priorities in Andhra Pradesh, World Bank, 2001. 5 households on the health risks posed by the consumption of unsafe water. The project was consistent with the Bank Group Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) for India, and the Government of India's Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012), both of which recognize that provision of adequate infrastructure, including improved and safe drinking water, is critical to sustaining economic growth. 1.2 Original Project Development Objectives (PDO) and Key Indicators The objective of the project was to provide safe drinking water to 75,000 inhabitants (earning less than US$20 per month) in the coastal areas of AP. Achieving this objective was expected to result in: Health benefits from reduced exposure to risks posed by unsafe water Economic benefits from reduction in medical expenses to treat water-borne diseases, increased productivity and capacity to work due to fewer water-borne disease related to days off from work (especially for mothers of children under five who are prone to diarrhea), and lower expenditure related to boiling water. Social benefits from equitable access to safe drinking water for villagers from different religions and social backgrounds Improved financial viability/sustainability of the existing water supply systems due to full participation and ownership of the beneficiary community. Transparent use of funds in the water sector Replication of affordable village water treatment technology Key performance indicators to measure achievements included the following: number of households making upfront cash or in kind contribution for the project against number of households planned to be mobilized; number of households registered to the community safe water scheme (CSWS) represented by paid subscription fees4; number of consumers actually using the CSWS represented by number of sold water coupons5; number of below-poverty level (BPL) households reached with safe drinking water; number of households discontinuing use of unsafe water for drinking purpose; percentage decrease in incidences of water-borne diseases and deaths; and percentage reduction in medical/health expenditure. 1.3 Revised PDO and Key Indicators, and Reasons/Justification There was no revision to the PDO and indicators. 4This means a user having paid a subscription fee which entitles the user to buy water from the CSWS. 5 Water Coupons were to be numbered and each household given a unique identifying code. The plant operator would then verify the code to ensure that the Water Coupon is used only by the family it was sold to. 6 1.4 Main Beneficiaries The project was for the development of 25 individual Community Safe Water Schemes (CSWS) targeting 75,000 people in 25 villages. Each CSWS involved the community (represented by the village council or “Panchayat”), Naandi Foundation, an NGO as grant recipient and project manager, and Water Health India (WHIN), a disinfection technology provider and operator of community village water treatment facilities, in a public-private partnership. The scheme provided a one-off subsidy linked to the provision of clean water, with subsidy payments made largely after the delivery of agreed outputs. These ‘outputs’

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