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Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hygromiidae), a new snail species for the fauna of Bulgaria
Article · January 2015
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Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hygromiidae), a New Snail Species for the Fauna of Bulgaria
Ivailo K. Dedov1, Ulrich E. Schneppat2, Fabia Knechtle Glogger3
1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 Bündner Naturmuseum, Masanserstrasse 31, CH-7000 Chur, Switzerland; E-mail: [email protected] 3 Knechtle Glogger Naturmanagement, Sturzenegg 2147, CH-9100 Herisau, Switzerland; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The girdled snail Hygromia (Hygromia) cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) is recorded for the first time from Bul- garia from the city area of Sofia. This species belongs to a genus that is newly recorded for the Bulgarian fauna, too. The species as considered as introduced to the country.
Keywords: Hygromia cinctella, Gastropoda, new record, Bulgaria
Introduction In the course of collecting samples in the city area of walls and in gardens (England and Switzerland), dis- Sofia in autumn 2014, a snail belonging to a genus, turbed habitats and gardens of densely populated re- hitherto not known to be a member of the Bulgarian gions (Netherlands, Germany) (Mi e n i s 2006, 2008 a, malacofauna, was detected. Hygromia cinctella had Gö l l n i t z 2008, We l t e r -Sc h u l t e s 2012). not been found previously in Sofia regardless of the collecting efforts within the same region in previ- ous years (2012-2013 – U. E. Schneppat, F. Knechtle Material and Methods Glogger, I. K. Dedov). The materials were hand collected in autumn The shell of H. cinctella is whitish-gray to (September, October 2014) from the following lo- horny-brown, slightly translucent, finely and rather calities: regularly striated with 5-6 flattened whorls with Bulgaria, Sofia, neighbourhood Knayzhevo, shallow suture. Last whorl sharply keeled with a Voivodina Mogila Street, along Vladayska River light spiral band at its periphery, emphasizing the (Fig. 1 A-C). Specimens (spm.) of different age were keel. Aperture simple without lip inside. Fully- detected: small juveniles, about half grown adults grown shells (diameter 10-12 mm) with narrow and and adults. almost covered by the reflected columellar margin 1. N42.65757°, E023.23511°, 670 m, on umbilicus, not well-marked. Animals light-greyish Ranunculus, 19.X.2014, 2 spm., leg. I. K. Dedov. or with yellowish hue, often with darker greyish 2. N42.65741°, E023.23511°, 670 m, on or brownish head and neck (Ke r n e y et al. 1983, Clematis vitalba, 19.X.2014, 1 spm., leg. I. K. Ří h o v á , Ju ř i č k o v á 2011, We l t e r -Sc h u l t e s 2012). Dedov; other gastropods on the spot: Fruticicola The Girdled Snail lives typically in open habitats, fruticum (O. F. Muller, 1774). among low shrubs and herbs, often in small water 3. N42.65730°, E023.23462°, 671 m, on currents or in river valleys and on river banks, in cool Clematis vitalba, 19.X.2014, 6 spm., leg. I. K. and humid habitats (Italy), cultivated habitats, rarely Dedov; other gastropods on the spot: Helix lucorum natural forests (Switzerland), road-sides, under stone Linnaeus, 1758.
465 Dedov I. K. , U. E. Schneppat, F. Knechtle Glogger
4. N42.656444°, E023.231525°, 675 m, synan- http://animalbase.org/). thropic habitat, near a little bridge, Urtica dioica, The species was firstly recorded from NW Syringa vulgaris, Clematis vitalba, Fallopia japoni- France in the 1940s and spread rapidly, today al- ca, Artemisia vulgaris, only little grass. Habitat most in the entire country (De f o ss e z , Ma u r i n heavily littered. 27–29.IX.2014: specimens were 1995, We l t e r -Sc h u l t e s 2012, http://animalbase. found almost exclusively on leaves of Syringa org/). The species is also considered to be intro- vulgaris (0.3–1.5 m above ground) with some at- duced (in chronological order) to France, Pyrenees- tached to a nearby wall, leg. U. E. Schneppat and Atlantiques (Pr i e t o , Pu e n t e 1992) in the outermost F. Knechtle Glogger, about 50 spm. (five adults in southwestern part of the country as well as in South the collection of I. K. Dedov, Sofia, five adults in Tyrol, Italy (Ki e r d o r f -Tr a u t 2006); to England, the collection D. Georgiev, Plovdiv); 13–14.X.2014, Cornwall before 1950 with nurseries or garden 11 spm. Other gastropods on the spot: Deroceras plants (Co m f o r t 1950), and still spreading rapidly, cf. reticulatum (O.F. Müller, 1774), Deroceras cf. reaching Devon and the London area (the IUCN turcicum (Simroth, 1894), H. lucorum Linnaeus, Red List of Threatened Species, http://animalbase. 1758, Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758), Limax sp., org/). Hygromia cinctella was also introduced to Tandonia kusceri (H. Wagner, 1931). Austria about 1978 (St o j a sp a l 1978, Ke r n e y et al. 1983, Re i s c h ü t z 2005, Be c k m a n n , Ko b i a l k a 2008, Results and Discussion Fi s c h e r 2010, Du d a , Mr k v i c k a 2014), Germany (Wi mm e r 2006, Be c k m a n n , Ko b i a l k a 2008, Gö l l n i t z Distribution 2008, Ro s e n b a u e r 2011), the Netherlands (Bo e s v e l d According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened 2005, Mi e n i s 2006, 2007, 2008 b, 2010, 2012, Species (version 2014), originally H. cinctella occurs 2014, Va n d e r Ve l d e , Kl o k 2013, Va n d e r Ve l d e in the following countries (from west to east): Spain et al. 2014, Be c k m a n n , Ko b i a l k a 2008), Belgium (mainland); France (Corsica, mainland); Italy (main- (Ja c o bs , Ha n s e n 2009, Va n De n Ne u c k e r , Sc h e e r s land, Sicilia); Slovenia; Croatia. Other authors men- 2014), Ireland (Pr e e c e 2005, Be c k m a n n , Ko b i a l k a tion: SE France, Sardinia, Corsica, Italy including 2008), Scotland (We dd l e 2009), the Czech Republic Sicily (Ci a n f a n e l l i , Lo r i 2007, Ha l l g a ss , Va n n o z z i (Ří h o v á , Ju ř i č k o v á 2011). 2014, http://animalbase.org/), Slovenia, NW Croatia In Switzerland the species has rapidly spread (Št a m o l , Kl e t e č k i 2005, Be c k m a n n , Ko b i a l k a 2008, over the last decades (Be a t 2007, Be c k m a n n , Št a m o l 2010, http://animalbase.org/), Bosnia and Ko b i a l k a 2008). Our unpublished observations show Herzegovina, NW Serbia and Hungary (Ke r n e y et that in Switzerland H. cinctella has reached sites of al. 1983, Be c k m a n n , Ko b i a l k a 2008, http://animal- much higher altitude than in almost any other parts base.org/). It is likely that the natural range of the of Europe (Grisons, Tinizong-Rona, 2009, 1250 m, species reaches NE Spain (Gr a e l l s 1846, Br o s 2006, CSCF; Grisons, Bergün-Bravuong, 2008, 1360 m,
Fig. 1. Habitats of Hygromia cinctella along river Vladayska River, Sofia city area, Bulgaria. A - localities № 1 and 2, B - locality 3, C - locality 4.
466 Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hygromiidae), a New Snail
Fig. 2. External view of adult Bulgarian specimens
Fig. 3. Sexual system of Hygromia cinctella. A – Bulgarian specimen, photo; B – after Prieto and Puente 1992, Fig. 13. Abbreviations: G – genital pore; ♂: P – penis, PR – penial retractor, EP – epiphalus, F – flagellum, VD – Vas deferens; ♀: DS – dart sac, MG – mucus glands, SO – spermoviduct, AG – albumen gland; BC – bursa copulatrix
CSCF; Grisons, Churwalden-Malix, 2004, 1240 m, In Bulgaria, we found H. cinctella also in non- private data US-BNM; Ticino, Fusio, 2013, 1300 m, limestone areas. Currently, its Bulgarian popula- CSCF; Valais, Icogne, 2003, 1020 m, CSCF; Valais, tion is by far the easternmost known locality of the Saint-Martin, 2012, 1400 m, CSCF). Further, the species in Europe. Considering the wide and rapid spread of the species has happened independently of spread of H. cinctella in Europe as a result of intro- the substrate quality. For example in Canton Ticino, ductions, their recent finding and spot-distribution in Southern Switzerland, all populations were found on Bulgaria, we consider the occurrence of H. cinctella sour substrate with granites and gneisses. as a new introduction and, therefore, this is an al-
467 Dedov I. K. , U. E. Schneppat, F. Knechtle Glogger ien species for the Bulgarian fauna. Its introduction or brownish head and neck (Fig. 2 A – C; Ke r n e y et probably happened with the importation of garden al. 1983, Ří h o v á , Ju ř i č k o v á 2011, We l t e r -Sc h u l t e s plants as the region of the valley of the Vladayska 2012, present work). River is very rich of gardens. Anatomy Habitat The anatomy of the Bulgarian specimens cor- The Bulgarian population of the species was responds to the anatomy of the species given by found in and around gardens along the Vladayska Gi t t e n b e r g e r (1970) and Pr i e t o , Pu e n t e (1992). River (Fig. 1) in overbuilt, synanthropic and partly Male: Penis and epiphalus well developed and long, polluted habitats with herbaceous and shrub veg- separated by wide penial retractor. Penis not much etation. Such type of habitat is typical for other wider than epiphallus, flagellum relatively short. European populations of the species (Mi e n i s 2006, Female: Dart sac with two lobes (not always very 2008 a, Gö l l n i t z 2008, We l t e r -Sc h u l t e s 2012). prominent in some specimens). Mucus glands eight, For accompanying plant and gastropod species, see relatively long. Spermatophore-receiving organ very Material and Methods. long, without clearly separated bursa copulatrix (Fig. 3 A-B). The shape of the love-darts in the Bulgarian Morphology specimens are like in Fig. 17 in Pr i e t o , Pu e n t e The shell of the Bulgarian population of H. (1992) and Ko e n e , Sc h u l e n b u r g (2005). According cinctella shows typical characters of the species – to Gi t t e n b e r g e r (1970), the love-darts of H. cinctella from whitish-grey to horny-brown, slightly translu- show clearly two apical crests. He believed that this cent. The last whorl is weakly keeled. The aperture feature was very characteristic among the species is simple, without lip inside. The size of the fully- in the genus, but was not found by Pr i e t o , Pu e n t e grown specimens corresponds to the typical size with (1992), neither by Ko e n e , Sc h u l e n b u r g (2005), nor largest diameter of 10-12 mm. Animals vary from for the love dart structures in the specimens found in yellowish to light-greyish, often with darker greyish Sofia, Vladayska River.
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Received: 18.03.2015 Accepted: 03.06.2015
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