The NATIONAL HORTICUL TURAL MAGAZINE

OCTOBER --- • 1931 The American Horticultural Society

PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 'July 1, 1931 OFFICERS President, Robert Pyle, West Grove, Pa. I First Vice-President, Knowles A. Ryerson, 1601 Argonne PI. N. W., Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Francis King, South Hartford, N. Y. , Secretary , C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Ave,., Takoma Park, Md. - Treasurer, Roy G. Pierce, 504 Aspen Street, Washington, D. C. DIRECTORS Terms expiring in 1932 Terms expiring in 1933 Miss Mary McD. Beirne, Ashland, Va. Miss Isabel B. Busbee, Raleigh, N. C. Hon. H. F. Fisher, Memphis Tenn. Mrs. L. H. Fowler, Washington, O. C. Mrs. Mortimer Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Fairman R. Furness, Media, Pa.: Mr. F. L. Mulford, Washington, D. C. D. Victor Lumsden, Washington, D. C. Dr. Earl B. White, Kensington, Md. J. Marion Shull, Chevy Chase, Md.

AFFILIATED SOCIETIES Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Club, Georgia State Horticultural Society, Mrs. F. M. Willard, President, G. H. Firor, Secretary, Belle Haven, Alexandria, Va. Athens, Ga. American Fuchsia Society, Glencoe Garden Club, Mrs. Evelyn S. Little, Sec'y-Treas., Mrs. J. H. Roberts, 1175 Colusa Ave.,. Berkeley, Calif. 449 Ida Place, Glencoe, Ill. Blackstone Garden Club, Hartwell Garden Club, Mrs. A. G. Ingham, President, Care of Wm. F. Roberts, Wellsville, Va. 275 Avalon Ave., Cincinnati, O. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club, Highland Park Garden Study Club, Mrs. Truman Abbe, Librarian, Mrs. J. S. Weinberg, President, 3737 Huntington St. N. W., 440 Glencoe Ave., Highland Park, Ill. Washington, D. C. Indian Hill Garden Club, Chevy Chase Garden Club, Mrs. Robert Sattler, President, Mrs. G. Thomas Dunlap, Varner Road, R. F. D. No. I, Sta. M. Manor Road, Chevy Chase, Md. Cincinnati, O. Civic Study Club, Lake Forest Garden Club, Mrs. O. R. Bruson, Secretary, Lake Forest, Ill. Michigan, N. D. Lake Washington Garden Club, Des Moines Garden C!ub, Mrs. Alexander A. Gardner, Public Library, 5951 49th Ave. S. W., Seattle, Wash. Des Moines, Iowa. Montgomery Suburban Garden Club, Fairfax Garden Club, James C. Dulin, Jr., President,,~ Mrs. L. P. Tayloe, Secretary, 325 High St. ~ Friendship l1ts., Vienna, Va. Chevy Chase, Md. Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Vicinity, Mrs. Frank B. Stearns, Mrs. Silas B. Waters, President. 15830 S. Park Blvd., Shaker Heights, 2005 Edgecliffe Point, Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, Ohio. St. Louis Horticultural Society, Galesburg Horticultural Improvement Society, Missouri Botanical Garden, C. Z. Nelson, Secretary, St. Louis, Mo. 534 Hawkinson Ave., Galesburg, Ill. Takoma Horticultural Club, Garden Club of Cincinnati, Fred C. Duehring, Secretary, Mrs. H. W. Nichols, 122 Chestnut Ave., Takoma Park, D. C. 2345 Madison Road, E. Walnut Hills, Town & Country Garden Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. W. H. Wood, Garden Club of Englewood, Anderson & Green Road, So. Euclid, Englewood N. J. Cleveland, Ohio. Garden Club of Madison, N. J., Tuckahoe Garden Club of Westhampton, Mr. B. Cutler, Librarian, Mrs. John Coke, 303 Woodland Road, Madison, N. J. Rio Vista Lane, Richmond, Va. Garden Club of Ohio, Women Gardeners of Ridgewood, Mrs. Kermode F. Gill, President, Mrs. Gail C. Cannon, Corresponding Sec'y, . 2178 Harcourt Drive, Cleveland, Ohio. 331 S. Van Dien Ave., Garden Club of Peekskill, Ridgewood, N. J. 118 Pine St., Peekskill, N. Y. Woodridge Garden Club, Garden Club of Somerset Hills, Care of Miss Florence Tinker, Mrs. T. Langdon Schroeder, President, 3143 Newton St. N . E., Bernardsville, N. J. Washington, D. C. Entered as second-claaa matter March 22. 1927. at the Post Office at Wa,hington. D. C •• under the Act of August 24. 1912. Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 233 E. J. BERNECHE Thompson Grower of Fine Peonies Route 6, Box 504 Portland, Ore. AND Morgan's Specializing in One-Year Plants at Price of Divisions 1931 SEED My motto: Not how cheap, but how good. CATALOGUE SEND FOR. LIST

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Send all remittances and communications to, W. F. Christman, Secretary AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY Northbrook, Ill. The American Iris Society THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY was organized January 29, 1920, as a forum wherein garden discussion might center upon Iris. It is now entering upon its twelfth year with a membership of over twelve hundred and a record that in­ cludes the publication of thirty-seven Bulletins devoted to various phases of Iris interest. Although many of our members are growers, breeders or collectors, still more are just amateur gardeners-people with a bit of a garden in their back yard where they grow a few fine Peonies, a few Irises and other precious treasures which they have collected through their gardening years. Therefore, the members of the American Horticultural Society should be particularly inter­ ested in this kindred society. Our Bulletins in a special field have the same po!nt of view as the National Horticultural Magazine has in the broader field of general horticul ture. To the isolated gardener our Bulletins have brought notes drawn from the experiences of our members in many parts of the world. To the gardener who is fortunate enough to share his interest with many neighbors, our society offers an opportunity to co-operate in some sort of community work. Each year many local exhibitions are held under our auspices and we owe much to the members who have aroused local interest. Gradually, also, it is becoming possible for our members to inaugurate display plantings of Irises, which are not only of interest to all gardeners, but, more important, do much to make public open spaces more sightly. Thus both to the individual member and to the community, The American Iris Society offers something of value. Annual Membership $3.00 Life Membership $50.00 JOHN B. WALLACE, JR., Secretary 129 Church Street, New Haven, Conn. The National Horticultural Magazine B. Y. MORRISON, Editor SHERMAN R. DUFFY, BERNARD H. LANE, J. MARION SHULL, HAMILTON TRAUB, Contributing Editors

Vol. 10 Copyright, 1931, by THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY No.4

OCTOBER, 1931

Glimpses of the White Barked Pine in Peiping and Vicinity. By P. H. DORSETT 237 Lewisias. By FLORENS DE BEVOIS ... . . 240 A Baobab Tree in Florida. By DAVID FAIRCHILD 244 Dwarf Iris. By KATHERINE FORDING FELLOWS 249 "Me." Being the story of the pilgrimage of a plant immigrant. By B. T. GALLOWAY 255 Notes from the Berlin Botanic Garden. By F. JOSEFSKI 258 Wintering Tender Succulents. By LOUIS D. and HELEN N. ELLIOTT 270 The Idealist in the Garden . . . . . 271 From Our Affiliated Organizations: Lake Forest Garden Club. CLARICE W. HAMIL 274 Glencoe Garden Club. By IRJlilGARD T. ROBERTS 275 A Book or Two . . . 276 The Gardener's Pocketbook: Prunus saTgentii. By PAUL RUSSELL 277 Sidalceas. By FRANCES EDGE McILVAINE 278 Another Note on Galanthus elwesii. By AGNES FALES HUNTINGTON 280 Sasa palmata 280 Danae j'acemosa . . 282 Allium acuminatum 282 ATonia aTbutifolia 284 Brodiaea grandi/lora 284 CTinum longifolium 284 Lilium giganleum 286 Phlox amoena 286 Sempervivum tissieri 286 Narcissus, Pilgrimage 288 Tulips Again. By ALFRED BATES 288 For Ants. By MRS. ROGER SHERMAN BALDWIN . 294 Standardized Plant Names. By P. J. VAN MELLE 296 The Atlantic City Flower Show. By FRANCES EDGE McILVAINE 298 The Oriental Persimmon. By C. C. THOMAS 301 Index for Vo lume 10 ...... 303

Published quarterly by The American Horticultural Society, Wasbington, D. C. Editorial Office, 116 Chestnut Street, Takoma Park, D. C. Contributions from all members a re cordiall y invited and should be sent to the above address. Advertising Manager, Mr. J. S. E lms, P. O. Box 27, Kensington, Md. A subscription to the maga~ine is included in the annual dues of all members; to non-members the price is seventy-five cents the copy, three dollars the year. [235J P. H. Dorsett U. S. Department oj Aoriculture The White-barked Pine at the Jade Buddha Temple

1236] Glimpses of the White-barked Pirie In Peiping and Vicinity (More Notes from an Explorer's Notebook-Dorsett & Morse)

By P. H. DORSETT The white-barked pine, Pinus bun­ too, is low branched and has three geana, a native of Chihli and Hupeh main trunks ea6h 72 or more inches in Provinces in China, often seen at circumference. This specimen is not temples, tombs and shrines, is perhaps quite so spreading as the Nine Dragon one of the most spectacular and strik­ Tree but is a~out the same height, ingly handsome ornamental trees of between forty and fifty feet. the Orient. In its own land renowned Another specimen, while much for its age, grandeur and beauty, it will younger than either of these, perhaps surely find a place here and should be only three or four hundred years, but of established in the United States wher­ similar habit, is to be found in the ever it will succeed, even if repeated court of one of the Tan Chou Ssu trials must be made. temple buildings, also in the Western For the most part, the specimens Hills. We regret not to have taken seen branch low or comparatively the measurements of this tree, which low, forming broad spreading trees. has the whitest bark of any seen. One, the oldest, largest and finest, but The specimen stood alone in the court not with the whitest bark, stands near and with its deep green leaves, slightly a temple building on the side of the reddish brown cones, which were beautiful promenade at Chieh Tai opening and shedding their seeds, and Ssu temple in the Western Hills, its strikingly white bark, was a tree some forty miles or so to the west of greatly to be admired. Peiping. From each tree a small amount of We were told while visiting this seed was collected, and only a small temple in the latter part of September, amount, for the collection is not so 1930, that this tree was planted about easy as might appear. The reason for nine hundred years ago. It is low this is that the priests and attendants branched and has nine main stems or were almost continuously watching to trunks and is therefore known as "The pick up and eat the seeds, with the Nine Dragon Pine." The trunk below result that the foreign plant hunter the branches and between two and found few for himself. There are a few three feet above the ground measures specimens of this tree scattered over 228 inches in circumference, or some­ the United States from previous intro­ thing over six feet in diameter. The ductions but none of them have come tree is spreading but we judge is not into their maturity and none show the over fifty feet in height. white bark that is so conspicuous a The next largest and also the next character in the adult life of the tree. oldest specimen of the white barked Since it grows well at Peiping and in pine that we have seen is at the Tuan the country roundabout, it will prob­ Cheng, the Jade Buddha Temple, at ably do well here in rolling country with the south entrance of the Winter well-drained soil, in localities where Palace in Peiping. This tree is said to neither winter nor summer is too be over seven hundred years old. It, severe.

[237) 238 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

P . H. Dorsett U. S. Departmell t of Agriculture At the Tan Chou Ssu Temple Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 239

P. H. Dorseit U. S . Department oj Agriculture At the Chieh Tali Ssu Temple Lewisia

By FLORENS DE BEVOISE If you have never had the pleasure stand the burning sun of the greater of raising any members of the Lewisia portion of our American climate. family you have a rare treat in store However, those that. face toward the for you. Pacific in the north know only what Lewisias hail from our great North­ must seem a diluted sun to those west. They are found among the farther east. While in a climate simi­ mountains near the Pacific Coast and lar to their own these too will rejoice the Rockies, both British and Ameri­ in full sun, this will need a little temper­ can. They were named for Captain ing through much of the United States. Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and I have not seen this point stressed, Clark Expedition. but I believe it responsible for some of It is curious that these beautiful the trouble experienced in the first plants are so seldom seen in our eastern tryouts on the Atlantic coast." gardens. One rarely sees them even in About four times during the year my rock gardens boasting of varied col­ plants receive a top dressing of stone lections of European alpines, which chips, or grit, with a little humus added. need more care and often give less When planting, allow about six inches reward in the way of beauty than many between the tips of the rosettes in order of our own mountain dwellers. to have good specimen plants and to The majority of the Lewisias are get the full effect of their radiating true alpines and with one or two excep­ blooms. This does not hold true with tions have not only great beauty, but a Lewisia rediviva, which should be long season of bloom as well. They rather closely massed to give the best are perfectly hardy in our climate and effect. They should not be watered their requirements are few. Good very often, as if kept too moist they drainage is of course a necessity, and may rot. Those in gardens near the the soil should consist of ordinary shore need rather less water than those garden loam containing a little well­ in a drier atmosphere. In England, rotted manure; to this should be added glass is used to protect these plants some sand, leafmold and stone chips. from winter wet. However, a few of I find that, as with most of my al­ mine shifted for themselves last winter pines, they enjoy a little peat mixed and came through very well with no with the stone chips around their roots. covering; others, under a covering of English books will tell you that these salt hay, did equally well. If their beds plants thrive best in full sun, but I are sufficiently raised and the drainage have found that sun should be given good, a covering of salt hay should with discretion, in other words a sunny afford enough protection. situation with shade during the after­ Unless they are in bloom the plants noon, or at least part of the day. I was may be set out from spring until fall. glad to find that Mrs. McCully in her The seed is rather slow to ripen and book "American Alpines in the Gar­ shakes off easily, so it is best to cut the den" holds the same view that ex­ stem when the pods are well dried and perience has taught me. To quote place in a warm dry place to finish off, from this excellent book-" Probably in order to avoid losing the seed. When those species from the Rockies and also ripe, the seed should be planted at once the great plateau stretching from them_ in pans containing a light soil mixed to the Cascades and Sierras, can with- with humus and sand. These should [2401

• Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 241

J. Horace M cFarland Co. Lewisia howelli

not be allowed to dry out and will ger­ The flowers are a soft buff shade with minate the following spring. a deep rose marking through the Lewisia howelli comes from the center of each petal. There are nine mountains of Oregon. It forms a petals and I have counted thirty­ rather flat rosette with oblong to ovate seven blooms on one little plant, leaves having a thin crinkled margin. radiating from the center in all direc- 242 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 tions on stems from 4 to 7 inches long, and a very long period of bloom. a truly lovely sight. This variety These are easy to grow and, for me, also makes a fine house plant in the have done well in full sun and in quite winter; it makes no objection to an a shady spot. over-heated, dry atmosphere, and L. cotyledon closely resembles Saxi­ those I brought in last winter kept in jraga cotyledon, though lacking the bloom for a little more than two encrusted edge and being of a stronger months. The pot should be dipped shade of green than the Saxifraga. into water about three times a week. The flowers resemble L. finchii, though L. redeviva should be planted in it is perhaps not so profuse a bloomer; groups and rather more closely to­ however, to make up for this it in­ gether; also it needs more water during creases very rapidly. The offshoots the blooming season. The soil for this may be removed and planted in pans, should contain more peat and less sand where they soon become husky young and grit than other varieties. It also plants. requires more sun. The leaves are L. finchii has a flat rosette, the densely clustered, smooth and glau­ leaves are broad and strap-shaped, and cous. The flowers are rather like a the flowers a soft pink with white water lily and vary in color from white margin. This species is a very profuse to rose. It loses its leaves when the bloomer and one of the easiest to grow. blooms arrive and after blooming dis­ L. oppositijolia is a deciduous species appears until the following spring. from the mountains of California and This species was used by the North Oregon. It needs half shade. Its American Indians as a food. "The dainty pale pink flowers are most specific name, redeviva, w.as given by attractive and it blooms from June Pursh in consequence of the root, long until autumn. preserved in the herbarium, and ap­ L. leana is also found in Oregon and parently dead, having been planted, California. The leaves of its rosettes revived in a garden in Philadelphia." resemble pine needles and the flowers As a matter of fact this root was vary from red to white. immersed in boiling water, and pre­ There are several other species which pared for the herbarium, and a year I have not tried as yet, and it would and a half later, as it still showed signs seem that many more may yet be of life, it was planted and produced its discovered to add grace and charm to beautiful blooms. our gardens. L. columbiana is found in the moun­ Since writing this article I find that tains of Oregon and British Columbia. one plant of L. howellii from which I There are two varieties. One has pink cut three stems bearing thirty-two and white striped flowers and the flowers the last part of May, has other, which is a more recent find, has come into bloom again and looks very rosy lavender blooms. The type has gay with thirty-six blooms to its credit. dark green tightly clustered rosettes Connecticut. Oct., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 243

J. Horace McFarl~nd Co. Lewisia columbiana rosea 244 . THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1931

David Fairchild A Baobab Tree in Florida A Baobab Tree in Florida

By DAVID FAIRCHlLD In the early part of the eighteenth to publish his manuscript of 177 century, when the mariners of Europe volumes in which he expounded and still looked upon the coast of the Dark classified "all the then known beings Continent as the great field of explora­ and substances." He classified beings tion, a French botanist of Scotch upon a consideration of each individual descent penetrated into the forests of organ. Senegal and brought out descriptions To the taxonomist Adanson's name and specimens of a tree so remarkable is well known because of the large that for many years it was considered number of plant species he named and one of the wonders of the world. Even described for the first time, and to the as acute an observer as Alexander von layman because the Baobab which bears Humboldt was inclined to ascribe to his name latinized has been one of those this tree extreme age. He even called half-forgotten vague names which in it "the oldest organic monument of the majority of cases has brought to our planet." Its discoverer himself, the mind merely a big tree in Africa. judging from certain measurements I must confess that although I had which he had made on a specimen travelled rather extensively until 1926 I thirty feet in diameter, expressed the had never seen a Baobab tree in bloom, opinion that it was 5,150 years old, but nor can I remember to have seen any Livingstone did not follow him in this tree of this species in botanic gardens estimate and humorously remarked save two small specimens in the small that he would back a true Baobab garden on Brickell A venue in Miami. against a dozen floods "provided you Doubtless there are such in many do not boil it in salt water"; but he places in the West Indies and else­ could not believe that any of those where. alive had a chance of being subjected While visiting the Sugar Experiment to the experiment of even the N oachien Station in Pasoeroean, J ava, Dr. Backer deluge. called my attention to the flowers All this was before the arrival upon which were then hanging from a fine the stage of scientific knowledge of specimen of the Baobab tree that stood either the giant Sequoias' or the giant in the grounds in front of the station Eucalypts of Australia. With their laboratories. The flower was such a appearance the Baobab subsided into strikingly beautiful one and so entirely its deserved place as merely one of the different from anything I had ever very ancient and very large trees of seen before that I did not wonder at this planet. Dr. Backer's enthusiasm which had The Baobab tree, 4.dansonia digitata, led him to take some fine photographs was named by Linnaeus after the of the flowers. He presented me with~ distinguished French naturalist who copies of these flowers which I mounted discovered it ' in 1748. After a long in my collection. life of great activity in the field of I had no idea that I should be privi­ systematic botany, Adanson died in leged later to stand under large trees of .extreme poverty after having had the the Baobab in the very region where disappointment of a refusal on the Adanson first saw them in Senegal, part of the French Academy of Sciences on the West Coast of Africa, but in the 'Archibald Menzies discovered the Seqll oi'l course of a year's time I found myself sempervirens in 1793, but it was not given this eating the arillus and photographing name until 1847 by Endlicher. the dried ground leaves of this tree in [245] 246 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

The pendant flowers of th e Baobab

the markets of the Gambia and in are scarce, forms a delicacy of no small Senegal. importance. Its leaves 'when dried I was rather surprised to find the and ground fine are used extensively Baobab such an interesting tree. I in soups for the purpose it is said of had seen the name in print so many "decreasing excessive perspiration" times that I had come to think un­ and "to keep the blood in a healthy consciously that I knew something state." Their use reminds one of the about it, which was not the case. use of sassafras l'eaves in the gumbo I found it was a very important tree soups of our own Southern States. to the West African civilization. Its Furthermore, I discovered that there bark furnished the fibre from which was a strange and fascinating individu­ extremely strong ropes are fabricated­ ality about the Baobab tree which ropes reported to be strong enough to quite won me away from the first hold an elephant. Its seeds are covered impression that it was merely another with a brilliant white arillus which grotesque tree like the Dragon tree of looks and tastes for all the world like Teneriffe, until finally I found myself cream of tartar and which in a land eating the cream-tartar-like arillus and where such things as refreshing drinks buying bits of the' rope and taking Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 247

~ -1 I l 1 1 I

I I I --<~

Close view of .flower and young fruit

-photographs of the great trees and my surprise found there a good-sized packing seeds for shipment to Florida. specimen of this interesting tree which A year later I was delighted to find had weathered the hurricane, having many of the small trees which came been merely tipped over and set back from these seeds growing well in the into its upright position where it was 1imestone soils of the southern part of growing finely. the State. Then I bethought me of the Since the soil conditions on Biscayne two small trees in the Brickell Avenue Key are those common to the sandy garden which had been devastated regions along the whole south coast of by the hurricane of 1926 that poured Florida, this success of the Baobab on three feet of salt water over their Biscayne Key is worthy of the attention roots. I found them in good condition, of those whose places front the Atlantic which was I presume to be expected, Ocean and where winters are not too ;since the tree grows down near the severe for this strange and alien sea-shore on the West African Coast. tree. Later I visited the properties of the So often people are prevented from late W. J. Matheson on Biscayne Key, planting a tree because they have heard just opposite Coconut Grove, and to of its great size, that I forbear to pub- 248 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

--.., ,!

In Java

lish here a photograph of one of those the garden, none of these would have trees in Senegal which is reported to be been planted and I think the European 30 feet in diameter, for fear it may landscapes would have' been so much deter some one from trying this tree the less varied by their omission. which, even in its youth, has a peculiar This Baobab tree was introduced as interest and charm about it-especially a seed. The seeds were sent to the when it comes into bloom. I can not Division of Foreign Plant Introduction forget the giant Sequoias which are in Washington, in March, 1912, and scattered in the gardens of Europe, grown in pots and distributed in some of which have crowded out January, 1915. They came from the buildings and others of which are now Oriente Province of Cuba where the slated for destruction because they Baobab was introduced from Haiti by overtop and shade all the surrounding French immigrants many years ago, European trees. On the principle of and we are indebted for them to the choosing the tree suited to the size of initiative of Mr. Luis de Megret, the Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTIJRAL MAGAZINE 249 editor of EI Agricoltor Practico of cane which blew it over and tore it to Guantanamo. pIeces. Two small plants were sent in Should Mr. Hugh Matheson con­ January, 1915, to the late Mr. W. J. tinue to guard it and it should make Matheson of Coconut Grove, Florida, the growth in the future that it has in and he planted them on his planta­ the past, not many years will elapse tion on Biscayne Key, where the sur­ before this tree will become one of the vivor shown in the plate is now grow­ .interesting plant sights of south Florida ing. and attract the garden clubs to its South Florida owes much to the shade. Its blooming should become a interest in tropical plants which Mr. fact well known in the community and Matheson always kept throughout the people will come to gaze on their beauty many years of his residence in Coconut just as those visitors to the Experiment Grove. He always placed his unusual Station in East Java have done. facilities for the testing of all kinds of It is with special pleasure that I plants at the disposal of the Depart­ acknowledge here the courtesy for the ment and many are the foreign plants cuts, showing the flowers of the which first demonstrated their abil­ Baobab, to the publishing firm of Visser ity to grow on the sandy soil of his and Co., Batavia-Centrum, Java, and key. especially to Mr. L. S. D. Merkus, the It is with special pleasure that I treasurer of the Nederlandsch-Ind­ publish this positive evidence of the ische N atuurhistorische Vereeniging adaptability of the Baobab tree to eN etherlands India Natural History south Florida conditions. Society), which society publishes one I am particularly fortunate in having of the most fascinatingly interesting in the photograph, as a witness of its journals on natural history which is size, the presence of Mr. Hugh Mathe­ to be found anywhere in the world son, for it is due to his fondness for all to-day. It is called "De Tropische kinds of interesting plants that this N atuur" and is a beautifully illus­ Baobab is standing to-day, for one less trated journal filled with original enthusiastic about plants would have observations on interesting tropical discarded this specimen after the hurri- plants and animals.

Dwarf Iris

By KATHERINE FORDING FELLOWS

I have been interested in many wonderful effect, the very dwarf ones things as discussed by the "Idealist," being suitable as rock garden sub­ but particularly in regard to what he jects. has said about dwarf irises, and in . The various plants differ in time of answer to his request for more infor­ blooming enough to make it quite a mation, I am moved to write about continuous performance, coming on certain ones which impressed me most something like the popping of corn, at favorably as they bloomed in my first occasional and becoming more garden this season. For the past and more frequent until you are almost twelve years I have been building up a confused in the attempt to know them collection of the dwarf and inter­ individually and compare them as to mediate irises and have found them merit. For this reason you can not say most delightful, coming early in the to the distant friend who is interested, season when we are impatient for color come on such a day and see them, but and, if planted in mass, producing a rather you must live with the garden, 250 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

day by day, would you see the various and is pleasing in form and poise. By ones as they make their appearance. placing it in various locations, it may What I shall say about them may be be kept in bloom for some time. This considered from the standpoint of season, owing to cool weather, we had personal preference, or how they ap­ it in bloom a day or two over a month. peared to me and behaved in this The first blossoms opened against a garden. This should protect me from south wall on April 11th and the last the wrath of those competent judges one in a shaded place closed up May who may not agree with me. I am 13th. best pleased with flowers of pure color, M acrocarpa is similar in coloring good form and graceful poise, having a but loses some of the former's charm particular fondness for wee ones. As in being a larger flower, less dainty in to form, I prefer that they do not curl form. It bloomed from April 20th to their falls under, at least not very May 12th, without any effort to pro­ much, as that habit seems to give an long its blooming season. impression of diffidence or an apolo­ Another early comer is coerulea­ getic air, while those with flaring falls very dwarf-four or fiv e inches, and seem more confident and self-satisfied. described as sky blue. Azurea is said However, I like Mr. Farrer's ' way of to be so nearly identical that only summing it up when he says: " Is there experts can distinguish a difference. such a thing as an ugly iris? Less Mrs. McKinney tells us that coerulea pretty ones there may be; but uglies­ loses its foliage in the fall, while perish the thought." Because they azurea does not. Until this season I all have more or less charm, it is diffi­ did not doubt having aZUTea. The cult to name favorit.es, but certain plants I have called by that name were ones do come to mind first.. collected in a Western State, and come From the standpoint of the first to into bloom a day or two later than bloom, we may name the bulbous iris coerulea and are deeper in color. The persica, which opened its first flower reason for suddenly doubting was that on March 21st. Qf three plants, all it is not difficult to recognize a differ­ bloomed and one had three blossoms. ence. Its coloring is difficult to describe,­ While t hinking of these lovely blue the effect being a pale lavender-blue, ones I would mention Blue Waif, said and the tips of the falls a deep amethyst to be a seedling of Mrs. McKinney's, purple. We have had these since 1927 but I do not find it registered. This and they are increasing. Reticulata is a larger grey-blue flower, which was secured two years earlier and began blooming here May 1st. It is bloomed each March up to last year, similar to Sabrina which bloomed May when the foliage appeared but no 7th. These made lovely spots of soft flowers, and the same was true this year. blue color and were effective near some I would be interested to hear if any of the poet's narcissus. one else has had a similar experience Margaret is another pale blue flower, and if they need transplanting. Both two blossoms to a stem and coming persica and reticulata are hardy here late for a dwarf,-about June first. in northern Illinois. Refl ection and Moqueto are of this . The first dwarf bearded iris to bloom coloring but with me are slow to in­ is atroviolacea, which merits praise for crease. Blue Jade, owing to its name, being early, and added to this are leads one to class it with the blue ones other graces, it being a most willing but it opens a dark reddish purpl ~ subject, increasing rapidly and flower­ and after being exposed to the light ing freely. In color it is wine-purple, shows copper tints, especially in the the falls darker, showing some velvet falls. As yet, I fail to see a reason and having a bluish beard. It is for its name. small, only three or four inches tall, Another one of unusual coloring is Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 251 Sea Gull. The general color effect is Indiana wrote me this year that her greenish-yellow, the falls being much " Gracilis somehow developed too darker than the standards and veined much color in too wide a selection." with purple-grey. It occurred to me The remedy might be to stand a little that it might look well with Zwanen­ farther away and get only the general burg, but when compared, the smaller, buff effect. Mr. Bowles in "My Sea Gull, appeared faded beside the Garden in Spring" describes it in a larger, deeper-toned flo wer, whose very humorous way as "a strange colors are so beautifully blended that dingy flowered thing about as lovely as I feel unequal to describing its beauty, a waistcoat of a defunct toad," but having discovered amber, green, ma­ after he has had his fun he says : "But roon, rich brown and violet in its make­ it flowers with such freedom that one up. Some do not think Zwanenburg can hardly see leaves for flowers and beautiful, but I'm glad it is one that in the afternoon sunlight a length of it keeps blooming for some time so that planted as an edging, lights up in such I may enjoy its loveliness. a charming way that I always enj oy The intermediate Brunette comes to t he effect thus produced, especially mind as one with greenish-yellow when t he flower stems fall out over the st.andards and yellow falls blended grass path. It is also good for cutting, with olive and violet and having a for even the youngest buds will open bluish beard. It is fragrant and makes in water and they are much lighter and such a delicate color mass that I more pleasing in color when opened wonder we do not hear more about it. in a room." Blooming at the same time is one of Cristata is one of the dainty dwarfs, the Sass intermediates, Doxa, a buff­ native of this country. The small colored self, blended with olive. It is rhizomes creep over the ground, t he remarkably lovely and free blooming. foliage being about six inches tall. The Two others of unusual value are flowers are pale lavender, although !vorine and Halfdan. The first an they vary in that some tend more ivory white self and the other a creamy toward a blue tone and there is also a white or pa,le yellow. They are about white form. The flowers open up fifteen inches tall and bloom about rather fl at and on t he falls are crests the middle of May. marked with white and orange. It Mr. Burchfield's enthusiastic de­ blooms early in May and grows here scription of Mon. Steichen made me best in shade, the soil being lightened anxious to posseSfl it and I have found by a mixture of sand, peat and gravel­ it charming, although it has increased the peat having been soaked in water slowly and bloomed but once for me. before mixing. The standards are white, faintly flushed The same treatment suits the wee bluish-lavender, and the falls creamy lacustris, which is similar to cristata white, with a yellow flush and a deep except that it is smaller and the flowers wine red blotch with veinings in the a deeper violet color. I t is a treasure same color and having an unusually for some shady spot, t he hot sun in fine texture. It is liflted with the Pogo­ July and August being hard on these eyclus group. plants. Mine were collected by a Still another in a class by itself is friend in the region of the Great Gracilis, of aphylZa parentage. It Lakes. has three flow ers on a stem about Gracilipes is a charming small iris eight inches tall. The color is pale from Japan. Mr. Farrer says of it: buff, mottled irregularly with smoky "Of all my little Irises, gracilipes is grey. The two upper flowers open queen-a grassy growing thing, form­ together and with the many flower ing a tuft but never spreading along stems make a mass of color, the eff ect the ground-with three or four flowers being a creamy buff. A friend in carried on airy stems five inches high, " 252 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 and he describes the flowers as "cut (Burch.) is first choice with many and from the filmiest soft pale blue silk it is certainly very fine. Mr. Burch­ crumpled into half a dozen different field described its color as dark ruby­ lights and tones with a deeper eye red. It is about nine inches tall and surrounding the pale lined blotch, began blooming May 5th. Meteor­ and following along the crest." It a garnet self-bloomed with Socrates seems to like the same soil as cristata; and is a little larger flower. It at­ however, I have had trouble in winter­ tracted favorable attention. Lady ing new divisions because of their Bird is a red purple and maroon with a heaving out of the ground. This conspicuous yellow beard. It is eight should be remedied by the placing of inches tall and the flower seems a flat stones in a way to protect, and I little large for the height, but is plan to use more caution. lovely. Wigan is a smaller flower of a A larger-flowered species from Japan brownish-red color, the buds are dark is tectorum. This flower is an outstand­ and very promising, but when open ing beauty and gives especial pleasure curl the falls under in a way to be as a cut flower, and if carefully placed, disappointing. Graminea is very dark one who has the eye of an artist gets a and remarkably good and should not real thrill the first time he sees it, and be confused with the beardless species some of us have never outgrown this of the same name. One of this group feeling. It does not object to sun which attracts marked attention is a although here it is growing in partial seedling originated by one of the Sass shade, in limestone soil. It is a brothers. It came marked "Black medium sized plant, the flower stems purple pumila." The dome-shaped being about ten inches long. The standards are a wine-purple with foliage is evergreen and should have veinings almost black. The falls some protection in winter. The flow­ reddish black and flaring with a heavy ers are a delicate lavender-blue, some deep yellow beard. As it is unnamed having more of a blue tone than I think of it as that "Spaniard." It is others. It is a greyish-blue dappled the only iris that has made me feel over with a deeper shade and there is a that it was looking at me. shaggy white crest along each fall. To pass on to the blue purple tones­ There is a white form which is exquisite Marocain is deep in color, about nine but is a little more exacting, and while inches tall and makes a mass of richest I have managed to keep it, some color. It increases well and keeps in seasons it has not bloomed, for which bloom a comparatively long time, and reason I have resolved to be a better has no fault that I know of. Fieberi caretaker. blooms at the same time and is the Early this spring I planted the very same height, making a good companion dwarf ruthenica and the somewhat for the former. It is redder in tone taller fourteen-inch forresti. We are and has a white beard. advised to plant these in the spring Niobe is a treasure, almost as dark and they seem to be getting estab­ as Marocain and only six inches tall, lished. I gave them partial shade. having a blue beard. Another wee one To come back to the dwarf bearded, is Huron Imp, a self-color with a white there is quite a choice of the claret­ beard. Compacta blooms at the same red ones, of which I will mention a few. time and is very little different from Socrates is a long-time favorite, these last two. Black Midget is a beautiful in its rich glowing color, dark slender flower about ten inches slender of stem and graceful as to form, tall and began blooming May 7th. having much the same style as the pale Ditton Purple is a handsome plum­ yellow Lutescens, both possessing, an colored self. Although but nine inches elfin-like grace. It began blooming tall, it has three flowers to a stem and about the middle of May. Endymion two of these open together. As it is a Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 253

V. F. Edlmann Dwalj Iris free bloomer it has the appearance of a it blue without an adjective. The big bouquet, and it blooms for about falls are bluish purple velvet, flaring two weeks. The beard is blue. in a horizontal manner as though Cyanea (the dark purple variety) is poised for flight. In some ways it free blooming and of a rich color, but I called to mind the less blue Black agree with the "Idealist" that the Prince which comes too late to com­ flower is too large for the length of pare. stem, and this season I noticed that Yellow has been described as "arti­ some of the flowers rested on the foliage ficial sunshine" and flowers of this in a way to keep the falls spread out color do light up the garden. Yellow as there was no room to drop them. dwarf irises in mass with their dome­ Ultra (Sass) began blooming May like tops touching, remind me of a 16th and was fifteen inches tall. The cluster of electric light bulbs, and dome-like standards are a heavenly they have in their wayan illuminating blue with deeper blue markings, the effect. If you do not believe it, cover edges ruffied. At first I could scarcely such a planting with a dark cloth and credit its blueness and wondered if I see how you have dulled the picture. imagined it, but the more one studies In case you are susceptible to color, it the more satisfaction he has in calling and we all are, you will find a mass 254 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 planting of wine reds and yellows ing May 4th. It has a surprising ,Yay warming, while a white sheet of flowers of coming into bloom without much like the Bride with pools of pale blue warning, as the buds are not conspicu­ such as Blue Waif and Sabrina give a ous. Thus some morning you are cool picture. For deep shadows we thrilled to find it spangled over with can use Marocain and Huron Imp and small yellow blossoms, which open up as high lights Ivorine and Halfdan, quite flat, measuring about an inch and when this picture has been painted across, a deep, soft yellow with brown for us and the garden path is glorified, markings in place of a beard. Another we can but stand and gaze, glad that unusual one is orchioides \vhich we were permitted to arrange the bloomed April 27th. The plant looks canvas and do the minor parts, and as like a cross between corn and hemero­ we note the beauty and the harmony callis, not particularly pleasing. The in each individual flower we recall how flower is deep yellow and interest­ "Solomon in all his glory was not mg. arrayed like one of these." Attractive dwarf whites are, as In selecting our yellows, we have yet, not so plentiful and should any many to choose from. Glee and of us be so fortunate as to grow a good Lutescens are delicate in color and one it would be a matter of interest. pleasing in form, continuing in bloom Autumn Queen (H. P. Sass) is a for some time. Floribunda and beautiful white which bloomed here Eburnea are also light yellows not last year April 9th and again in much taller than the first two but the fall. Mr. Sass says" It is liable to having larger flowers. Reichenbachii bloom at any time throughout the (the yellow form) is of a soft corn season." Bride is a pleasing white, color about eight inches tall. It twelve inches tall, free blooming, and began blooming April 30th, and con­ increases rapidly. John Foster is tinued to May 16th. There is an white, slightly tinted blue, with two orange form and also a purple-the flowers on an eight-inch stem. It is latter listed as Balcana. These last two beautiful but has been a light bloomer are new in the garden and have not thus far. Silver Elf has dome-like bloomed. Ylo and Sonny are deeper standards which are very white but yellows, blooming at the same time. the falls are grey and curl under Both increase well here and bloom decidedly. over quite a period. Sonny is a little In closing I am reproached by the the taller but Ylo does not curl its memory of certain lovely ones that falls under and carries itself proudly. have not been mentioned through fear Harbor Lights comes a little later than of boring the reader with too many Sonny and is a softer color, altogether favorites. Already, we are looking lovely. Arenaria-sometimes listed forward to another spring and making fiavissima-is an adorable little species. the acquaintance of newly planted It has not increased very certainly ones which are highly recommended, here but we always manage to keep it. some of these being: Princess Louise As it thrives remarkably well in a (Perry), Ladies of Peeling (Dykes). friend's garden in Minnesota, where Judy (Burch.), Laddie Boy (Sass), the soil is sandy, I am planning to and two of especial interest because give it more sand. The flower stem they are reported as blooming con­ is but four or five inches, having two or tinuously for three months-these three flowers to a stem. They are being Jean Siret and S. D.L. Chavanac. about the shade of Hemerocallis fiava Of unusual interest are a goodly and have a fluffy yellow beard. The number of Sass seedlings. These with flowers last but a short time. Another others make a list to dream about. yellow quite rare and precious is An attractive and fitting name helpE minuta. This wee plant began bloom- to decide for or against an iris when Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 255 making out a new list. Does not not because of beauty, as it is one of "Ladies of Peeling" sound alluring? the "less pretty" ones, but rather for Several years ago among a group of her name. In thinking of what another seedlings there was one, a very drab spring may bring, I feel like the woman affair, sad looking. I hesitated as to who gave as her testimony in class keeping it but decided it was amusing, meeting-" I am living in hopes of and named it the "Widow Who." glorious expectations." Certain friends give the widow room, Belvidere, III.

" Me " Being the Story of the Pilgrimage of a Plant I mmigmnt

By B. T. GALLOWAY My name is Castanea mollissima, silences. Weare thousands of feet meaning downy-leaved chestnut. I above the sea and mountain peaks am a native of a very beautiful country are all about us, some covered with called Yunnan in far Western China. eternal snow. At times, when the I know our country is beautiful for my skies are blue as the violets carpeting mother says so. My mother is wise the ground, we can see distant streams and old. Only yesterday, speaking of of water, appearing for all the vvorld trees, she told me that hundreds of like molten silver, cascading over the moons had come and gone since she rocks. was a tiny sapling like those we see I have thousands of sisters all about far below us. As a tree, m.y mother me, supported and nourished by my may well be proud for her head towers mot.her. And just to-day I learned of above all others and her straight, a dreadful thing that has befallen some strong body and great spreading of them. Their homes have been in­ branches make her a veritable queen vaded by an insect, a weevil, and the of the forest. I have a lovely home and food so carefully stored is being eaten as strong a cradle as one may wish. by these horrible creatures. This As yet, I see only through the aid of weev.il comes every year, I am told, my mother, but I must be patient and searching out the young chestnuts soon one day, if all goes well, I shall see as after being formed. With a long snout she sees. Just now, I am only a tiny the weevil bores through our protecting mite of life tucked away in a most spines and the shell of our house into wonderful house, the inner chamber of the very heart of our food supply. which is solidly packed with food all Then the creature withdraws the snout for my special benefit. and deposits an egg at the bottom of This house of mine not only provides the opening. The little wound soon me with food but it shelters me from heals, but the egg shortly hatches heat and cold, from rain and from sun­ out a voracious grub or worm. It is shine and, marvel of marvels, it pro­ a mystery why such things should tects me from enemies of many kinds. be 1 Maybe nature knows best for if The outside of my house is a bristling we all lived and grew into trees we mass of tiny spears and 10 betide the would overrun the earth. So there creature who may try to break into must be just a few chosen ones; the my inner chamber. Through my rest will fulfill their mission, whatever mother, I must put down a word or that may be. Many of my relatives, I two about our country, the grandeur am told, serve as food for the live of its distances, and the peace of its things of the forests-the birds, the 256 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 squirrels and other creatures. And sure many of my sist.ers are on the even the creature who seems to dom­ point. of perishing. And then some of inate all others, the one we call man, t.he horrible grubs are crawling about. is not averse to helping himself to the I suppose they have eaten their fill bounteous food we supply. I have and now do not know what to do with been growing very fast lately and it themselves. Likely, they are hunting will not be long before I must leave my for some good earth in which to mother. burrow and change their skins. They A strange thing is occurring beneath will find no earth here. We have had us. Yesterday our silences were broken a long period of quietness; no jarring by the shouts and cries of a group of nor jolting. We must be on the ·sea men who have a camp not far away. for at times it has been very hot. Oh, They are making fires and smoke, for some of the cooling showers and which are always very disturbing to a dews of our far-away mountain home! tree. My mother says that man with And now we must have reached our an ax is the most ruthless enemy of all journey's end. We have been horribly trees and that fire is next. The two cold, but the cold does not hurt so usually go together. The men in the much as heat. If water does not come camp, led by one who is white and who soon, I shall perish. seems to be the master in everything, This has been a great day of ad­ are evidently after chestnuts. We can ventures. First, there was much shak­ see the brown men swarming up nearby ing and then we came out into the light trees and with long sticks and poles where everything was white. The room they are knocking our homes to the was white and all out-of-doors was ground while other brown men gather white like the snow on our mountains. them up in baskets. What can it all Even the men gathered around were mean? clothed in white. They were not a Dreadful things have happened since bad-looking lot, these men. They yesterday. I am still bewildered, appeared very wise, and became wildly stunned and shocked. First, the men excited over the worms. They pounced climbed up where I live, then came upon them and hustled a lot of them yells and blows and a whirl through into little bottles. Some of the worms space and finally an awful jolt when must have been in dreadful agony for I hit the ground. I was then picked they writhed and twisted horribly. up, none too gently, and thrown into The men seemed dreadfully afraid a basket, carried to a bare spot of that even one worm might get away. ground and beaten with sticks until I I understand that every worm is to be lost my spiny protecting bur. N ow I killed for none of their kind is wanted find myself in a bag with hundreds of here. Soon I was gathered up along my sisters and surrounded by a mass of with my relatives and then came a black dust which is not unpleasant and shock that was nearly my finish. We which men call charcoal. I gather that were thrown into water, and it was we are soon to take a long, long hot, terribly hot. Every moment I journey, but for what purpose I do not thought would be my last. I learned know. We must be off on our journey that this hot water bath was to kill for I have been continuously jolted any worms that might be hidden away and shaken about for a long time. in our shells. I had no worms but, of This motion is not like the gentle course, the men did not know this. swaying of my cradle in the tree top, They were wise enough to know that but it is not unpleasant. Days have they could kill the worms and not kill come and gone and then more days. me. I am alive, for which I am thank­ We are still in our charcoal bag and, for ful, and am happier than I have ever the most part., are very comfortable: been. I know I am coming to the We are dreadfully thirst.y and I am great day when I shall be free and will Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 257 truly begin to grow into a great tree At last I know something of my like my mother. After my hot bath, destiny and the destiny of my many I was tenderly cared for by a kindly sister treelets. It seems that for years man who seemed more interested in a dreadful disease has been destroying me than he was in worms and bugs. a near cousin of ours in this new home He took me up tenderly and, after we call America. Millions of grand looking me over, he gave me a lovely old trees, for all the world resembling little house all to myself. Next, I my mother, have been killed. The was completely covered with delicious disease, called blight, came from my moist and smelly earth. Right away, own country where it has prevailed, I began to experience a wonderful feel­ no doubt, for hundreds of years. Wise ing of buoyancy. I know I must be men in America studied the disease and growing for the walls about me are came to the conclusion that the beginning to crack. Chinese cousin of the American chest­ Things have been happening so fast nut might be able to resist it. This that I am still a little bewildered. First, started the search for blight-resistant I began to grow a vigorous sprout chestnuts leading to the camp in far­ which turned down into the earth and away Yunnan and my being here. then a second sprout pushed up and Soon we are to be planted in open up into the glorious sunlight. And country among other trees and our then, right away, tiny leaves, for all fervent hope is that we may prove our the world like those my mother bore, worth. Come to think of it, no light began to form. To make a long and task has been assigned us. We are thrilling story short, I am now a baby to go on the firing line and if we are tree, with leaves, a small trunk and able to fight our ancient enemy, the TootS. At the rate I am growing, I blight disease, we shall establish a new shall soon need a much larger house race here and repay in some small part than this little three-inch pot the kind what Amerir.a has done for our own man gave me. But I have no fears for native land. I know that my friend is caring for me And now a few words more and my and several thousand of my sister story is finished. Near by is a label treelets I see on all sides. Outside, which reads U. S. Dept. of Agr. F.P.I. I glimpse a squirrel frisking about in 55983. This means that I am a sort the trees. I am not particularly fond of ward of the Government of these of squirrels. Many of my relatives United States and that henceforth I have found their way into the stomachs am to be known as foreign plant intro­ of these creatures. duction 55983. In ihe seciion of ihe }\If aTitime Alps, one sees ih e huge boulders wiih smalleT sion es iumbled aboui iheiT f eei; washed and WOTn by rain and snow

Notes from the Berlin Botanic Garden

By F. JOSEFSKI [All photographs by the au /.llO r.] Through all the world, alpine flowers alps of Europe and from mountain and their native mountains are be­ ranges in other countries have been loved, and the man who can not have laid out in typical fashion and planted access to the mountains themselves with their proper floras. Here one can build for himself a special sort of may see the most different formations alpine or mountain garden. Such a of the mountains on a small scale, but garden, well designed and planted, always correct and true to nature. always makes a great impression on the Here everyone may choose a model to beholder. Indeed almost every gardener his taste and create his own design might have such a garden if he only after it. knew how to begin. In order to arrive If one has a little guidance, the con­ at something lovely, he must have first struction of an alpine or mountain the proper knowledge and the correct garden is indeed not so very difficult. ideal. In the Berlin Botanic Garden, except that one must copy only the different alpine plantings from all the main or essential features and study

1258) Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 259 rather carefully the nature and cultiva­ smaller path should go between the tion of alpine plants. peaks so they may be seen from all The following points are important: sides. Before one builds up the mass We must choose a suitable location in with earth. he must take care that all the garden where the design can be deep-rooting herbs, like quack grass developed. The site must be protected or horsetails (equisetum) are removed, on the north by tall trees which must because later they would becOIn.e a not stand too close. The alpine garden great plague. The place for the design must lie free and open to the sun. must then be built up 8 to 10 inches The best exposure is to the east and with builder's rubbish, cinders and the southeast. It must not lie before a wall like in order to give the mass good for that is unaesthetic, but should have drainage. For larger or very large somewhat wild, naturally unobstructed designs, the site must be raised even surroundings. The place should occupy more. Above this drainage layer we the highest point in the garden for if raise another layer of earth 12 to 20 it is low-lying it must be suitably built inches higher. Then after several up. Whoever is so fortunate as to weeks, when the foundation has settled, have a rocky place or knoll in his we can begin the building of the stone­ garden can use it for his scheme, but it work. must be suitably prepared. It is For a little garden that is not too interesting to build an alpine or expensive, all the stones that are found mountain group on the site and to on the place or nearby can be used. plant it with its suitable flora or with Stones of moderate size are most to various alpine plants as taste and be desired for one call work most means permit. freely with them. The stones should One should not use stones that will not lie level on the surface but should­ soon disintegrate, as they must be re­ be somewhat tipped, particularly those placed by others and that requires with blemishes, cracks or crevices in much labor and costs much money. order that the water may run off of Bricks, also, should not be used as they them and back into the earth, as other­ are unnatural and not beautiful. Again, wise it would cause rotting under the one should not use too many stones, for plants. Beautiful stones can be placed stones and plants should supplement where they are best seen. one another. One will reach his aim The alpine or rock garden must fit best if he makes first a little sketch into the general plan of the whole plan and then works toward this for garden and grow into it. If we create he can then improve it in various ways a free and a natural arrangement, during the work. First the site must resembling a real alpine situation, our be measured out and marked with feeling for natural beauty will be much short stakes. The surface should be more satisfied than by a rock garden neither symmetrical nor level. With laid out in the modern fashion, for the its long axis from north to south or latter by its very constraint in ar­ from east to west, it should be nar­ rangement is in opposition to the feel­ rowed perhaps in the foreground and ing of the wild plants of the motljltain widened out in the back. A larger or heights. 260 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

Typical of the limestone formation in the A lps near Salzburg. An eastern exposure. Notice the stratification of the large stones, the portions broken off and the smallest pieces, as well as the charactel·istically low planting Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 261

Typical of the limestone and iron bearing formations in Austria. This example is most witable for large gardens on account of the size of the boulders which require a large area to give correct scale 262 THE NATIONAL 'HORTICULTURAL M AGAZI NE Oct., 193 I

T he typical formation in the limestone alps from A llgau to western Switzerland, offer good examples for the small Tock ga?'den since it uses only stones of modemte size and often broken stones. A gain the typical plant growth is dwa?j Oct., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 263

Typical formation and plant g1'owth of the high Tattrus and the Ziller valley make a great contrast with the last as the stones are of different character and arrangement and the plants present a dij)'erent aspect in theil" habit and growth 264 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

The rock garden section typical of the Dolomites as seen from the north. This section is dominated by the stones, curiously worn, that glow in the evening light Oct., 193J THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 265

The same section as viewed jTom the south. Notice again the different type of vegetation and the introduction of plants of larger growth and size 266 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

Representing the limestone alps of middle Bavaria and the northern Tyrol, this type of formation is most suitable for a large garden with bolder rocks and larger plants Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 267

Groups representing the mountain formation and pla;nts of the Sierra Nevada in Spain, Here the background is of deciduous tl'ees, the stones are typically small and the herbs and grasses low, 268 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931

Typical of many alpine regions as of the alps near Verona, Trent, in J udicaria and th e Bergamask ranges, this bit is open in plan with views toward the east Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 269

Representing the Karawank and Julian alps, this section shows the somewhat grotesque, often vertical stones, and the low masses of herbage and heather Wintering Tender Succulents

By LOUIS D. AND HELEN N. ELLIOTT Although summer weather in Wash- The end walls sloped upward from this ington, D. C., sometimes suggests the level at the front to a height of 12 tropics, one does not ordinarily con- inches above the general ground level sider the climate in the vicinity of the at the rear. The top of the rear wall Capital City conducive to outdoor was therefore 12 inches above the out­ wintering of tender succulents. side ground and 2 feet above the bot- With the shortsighted abandon of tom of the excavation. An inner the collector we have been accumulat- wooden frame was then built, the walls ing for the last few years these in- of which were parallel to and 6 inches triguing plants until, in spite of the inside the corresponding outer walls. drought, we found ourselves in the At this stage the double walls resem­ fall of 1930 with vastly more of our bled a form for concrete work, but the plant friends than could be accom- space between was filled not with modated decently in pots indoors. A concrete but with newspapers and greenhouse being still a dream of the excelsior with a top layer of dry earth. future we came to the conclusion on a It was our purpose to cap this layer of balmy September day that the sunny earth with cement to keep the insulat­ side of the house with a cold frame as ing materials dry. However, the im­ a compromise with the possibility of probability of ever having rain again nasty weather ahead would make an caused us to postpone this important ideal winter home. Fortunately for detail and it was never attended to. the future welfare of our unsuspecting We now had a double walled cold frame plants, the final planning of our "cold with walls sunk a foot below the ground frame" took place on a raw October level to prevent lateral frost penetra­ day which served to arouse the sus- tion. The interior of the frame was picion that days were coming when then filled to 2 or 3 inches of the outer there would be no sunny side of the ground level with sand in which to house. Under the stimulus of winter's sink the potted plants. threat in the air there took form in our Let it be confessed here and now minds a sort of glorified cold frame or that the only reason for potting the padded cell insulated to keep out succulents instead of planting them underground frost, wired for electric out in soil in the cold frame bed was heating, covered with window sash to facilitate hasty transfer of the plants glass. and equipped with a blanket to the house to escape icy death should covenng. our experiment prove an abject failure. The construction of these winter Three window sashes hinged to the quarters, the inside dimensions of top of the back wall served to cover the which were 10 feet 4 inches by 2 feet bed. Conduit covered electric wires 6 inches, was carried out as follows: from the house were carried through a plot of ground against the south side the back wall of the frame. of the house 11 feet 6 inches by 3 feet The succulents seemed to grow and 9 inches in size was excavated to a multiply even during the short period depth of 12 inches. Ordinary wooden of construction of their winter home, cold frame walls were then constructed, ' and as soon as it was finished we the bottom of the walls resting on the wondered why we had not planned it bottom of the excavation. The top twice as large. In order to accom­ of the front wall projected 2 inches mod ate all the plants it was necessary above the outside ground surface. to place the pots in the bed as close [270J Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 271 together as possible. To the finished ant heater if the two 60-watt bulbs or bed were thus moved fifty varieties, larger failed to supply sufficient heat. amounting to perhaps a hundred From our observations in connection individual plants of tender sedums, and with this bed we believe that such a in addition several varieties of each of frost-insulated cold frame properly the following: tender sempervivums, located for sunny exposure and wired echeverias, cotyledons, mesembryan­ for heating would prove practicable in themums, aloes, gasterias, haworthias, any ordinary Washington, D. C., crassulas, kalenchoes and senecios. winter. The winter turned out to be mild and Having had the thought in mind there never was any question of the that the succulents would winter over success of the experiment. The blanket in the bed in a dormant or comatose cover supplemented with a leaf-filled condition we were amazed at the canvas bag and two 60-watt electric astonishing growth made by all the light bulbs controlled by a switch in­ plants during their sojourn in the doors enabled us to maintain safe "cold frame." Some of the more temperatures. At no time did the riotous ones shot upward and bruised thermometer in the bed register below their heads against the sash before 36 degrees Fahrenheit, even though Spring released them. Others spilled the outside temperatures occasionally over the sides of their pots and rambled approached zerCl. During the many through the sand. One of the few sunny days that fulfilled our initial non-succulent inhabitants was a little visions the blankets were removed and hunnemania plant the seed of which when the weather was warm enough had been sown in the summer of 1929. the sashes were raised a few inches. Because of the drought of 1930, the On such occasions the temperature plant had failed to flourish and bloom under the glass rose to 60 or even 70 and all its brothers had succumbed. degrees even though the outside tem­ Under the stimulus of its new winter perature might be in the thirties or environment it grew apace and pro­ forties. The approximate average duced several blossoms. daily rap.ge of temperature to which The experiment was a source of the plants were exposed in their home great satisfaction. . To go out on a throughout the winter was from 40 snowy winter evening and peek under degrees to 55 or 60 degrees. Only in the Govering blanket through the glass a few instances was it necessary to into this lighted luxuriant plant jungle burn the lights all night and never in or to lift the sash a crack and sniff the the daytime. It was our intention in warm moist garden air is indeed a the event of a severe or protracted thrill that comes not once in a lifetime cold spell, such as did not materialize but all winter long. last winter, to plug in an electric radi- Clarendon, Virginia.

The I dealist In the Garden Of daffodils I can not have too many. can. They are too expensive for me There are few that I can not rave and I detest the profiteering that has about; one only that I can not like, the developed in horticulture since the old double "Von Zion," which is too embargo went into effect. So in this unlike a daffodil in its greenish yellowy garden there have been but few added messiness to suit my taste. Of the new since that last pre-embargo year when and expensive varieties I know little it was stocked to overflowing. or nothing at first hand, but I lust Some of the daffodils that were after them as only a born daffodil crank gathered in then are no longer listed 272 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 in general collections, probably because those that every gardener should have, they are considered to have been su­ and when planted near blue grape perceded by newer introductions, but hyacinths is extremely beautiful. that does not detract from their beauty In contrast to these chaste white­ or their charm. Size cuts no figure nesses is the boldness of "Incognita" with me in any flower, and least of all with its splendid snow-white perianth when it comes to the narcissus. "Van and large flat cup of glowing apricot, 'Vaveren's Giant" is large enough; with a darker and brighter edge which after that they begin to look artificial so clearly shows its poeticus blood. and become drawing room decorations, " Cardinal" was an unknown to me in not garden ornaments. Some years 1925 when it was grabbed up in a ago I was shown some of these new hurry with the fear of never being titans, wonderful waxy flowers the able to get another daffodil sitting size of dinner plates with trumpets cold upon my heart, but I have never that were almost as large as iced tea regretted the impulse which made me glasses. They were marvelous in take it. It has little to warrant its color and shape and texture and, in name, but then few hybrids have,­ short, everything; their only drawback their sponsors having the glamour of was that they did not seem natural their achievement across their eyes,­ or made for a garden. Surely, I would though in the light of the late afternoon like to have them; but where could I and at a distance it does have an inde­ put them in a small garden! So I scribable and indefinite faint rosiness. returned to myoId-fashioned ones Its perianth is sulphur-white and the only a wee bit envious. cup is of a soft primrose with an edge Among these older trumpets, "Cor­ of orange which sometimes flushes the nelia" is still my favorite; a good sized whole center. In the cooler spring of well-shaped flower of uniform soft but England it is perhaps much deeper in deep canary yellow that looks well tone than it is ever here. Grown with anywhere, especially so when under "Lemondrop," which is one of those the pink glory of a Prunus triloba. smaller imcomparabilis types of which While among the white trumpets, I shall never be able to have too many, "Loveliness" reigns supreme. I shall a rather drooping flower of clean soft never forget the first time I saw it. white and clear lemon yellow, Cardi­ It was in the spring of 1919 and the nal's cup does seem to be deeper­ place was the daffodil field of Barr's perhaps in shade it would develop a Nursery at Taplow. I picked it out cup of "lovely orange-scarlet" for from all the rest; it was a case of love which the late Rev. Joseph Jacob at first sight and I have never recov­ valued it so highly. That was years ered. "Glitter" and "Homespun" ago, and now there are brighter and were there, and' 'Cossack" and" Sev­ redder cups, but none of them have ille," but even these could not detract caused me to care less for my little my attention from the lovely white churchman. trumpet. .1 like "Loveliness" for its Then, too, I am still loyal to "Home­ soft clear whiteness and its straight spun" and" Gloria Mundi," and will long trumpet, which seems to refrain continue to be so as long as I retain from flaring out much at the end be­ my reason, for they are as nearly per­ cause it would not be quite a lady-like fect as I should care to have a garden thing to do. "Duchess of Normandy" daffodil. "Whitewell" and "Bernar­ is another of the white trumpets that dino" are two others that will always I am very fond of, though it does not be among my "must haves," no matter have as pure white a trumpet as it what the future may bring. For with should, but its shape is good and it a flower, when once it has definitely has a grace that few others possess. gotten into one's heart, there is no Of course "Alice Knights" is among such thing as fickleness, unless it is on Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 273 the human side of the agreement-so when it is in flower its distant kindred­ my judgment be upon my own head. minor, minimus and lobularis nanus­ These daffodils are described in most have bloomed and gone for the season catalogs, and so need not be dealt and I am praying to all the garden gods with here more than to mention their that they may live and flower another desirability in little gardens. " Glit­ season. On the other side of the rock ter," "Lady Moore," and "Red Bea­ work I am using the old jonquil N. con" are three other easily obtained campernellii rugulosus, which is rather beauties that I could not do without. too high for such a use except for the When it comes to the Leedsii section fact that it has Iris spw·ia var. notha I still prefer the type with its small and our own coppery Iris fulva for chalice to the giants with cups so large companions, and above it is a mass of that they might easily pass for white Corydalis lutea and its near relative C. trumpets. Two that hold a high place ochroleuca, which defy the full sun and in my regard are "Maid of Athens" are waxing larger in spite of the full and "Mermaid." The first is a lovely exposure. I can not end this panegyric flower with a glistening pure white on old daffodils without a plea for perianth and a cup of softest primrose help. Can anyone who reads this tell that is narrowly, oh, very narrowly me where N. tenuior, the old Silver on this side of the Atlantic, edged with Jonquil, may still be obtained? madder-red, which in cool seasons is Four years ago I could no longer really quite pronounced; it is a late resist a temptation to find out just how bloomer and holds on well. The everblooming the late Rev. Joseph latter has a white perianth and a soft Pemberton's hybrid musk climbing creamy primrose cup which pales roses were. Three were chosen and slowly into almost white; the cup is planted very late in the autumn of nicely flanged at the mouth and al­ 1927-"Daybreak," "Pax, "and "Van­ together it is a most refined and charm­ ity." Now after three years in the ing flower. It is an early bloQmer, but garden and with no special care I am I have two clumps of it, one near the wondering why they are not more house which comes out a week or so highly praised than they are; in fact, before the other, which is unprotected I can not remember of ever having and only starts to bloom when the seen any mention of them in any of first has just passed its prime. I am the modern rose books or in any still old-fashioned enough to like gardening journal. They are very "Mrs. Langtry" and" Minnie Hume" worth-while and are everblooming. and wish that I could get hold of the "Vanity" is a charming single pink, old "Katherine Spurrell" which I deeper in color than a wild-rose pink, was so fond of years ago. and looking very much like a very Though I am not at all keen about large one; it blooms in clusters and is using any of the named daffodils in the slightly fragrant. It is almost con­ rock garden excepting those modern tinually in flower from the time it crosses with triandrus or cyclamineus starts in late May until frost. It sends blood in them,-providing they are up vigorous canes to a height of about not too high,-there are two that seven feet. but its growth is quite open might be admitted in the larger rock­ and the foliage is not very heavy. work and at the edges of the smaller While mine is planted against a low ones to help make the transition from shed I have an idea that it would be rocks to garden proper more gradual. especially fine as a pillar. It is very In such a manner I do not hesitate to much worthwhile even in mid-summer, use "W. P. Milner" under a cover of but is at its best in the spring and late maiden pinks, and Veronica rupestris. autumn, for the autumn flowers are This pale trumpet is not too large to be very large and much deeper in color. in scale with its surroundings and "Pax" is planted at an old grape- 274 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 arbor post and tied loosely, so that it entire season and it is particularly is more of a large bush than a pillar; fine in combination with Salvia azurea but its six-foot canes would always and earlier in the year with that lovely need support. It blooms very heavily lavender iris" Zelia." in the spring, and then its flowers are I should have said that "Pax" is so double as to remind me of the old unlike the other two in that it does not hybrid perpetual Gloire Lyonnaise flower in clusters, but singly or at After a short resting period it begins most three to a stem. At its base is a to bloom again and continues to flower goodly sized planting of the blue throughout the rest of the season, but Campanula persicifolia, which goes its blossoms are semi-double then and very well with it throughout the early very large and lovely . It is slower summer, and in the autumn Chrysan­ growing than the other two. themum "Red Doty " makes a splendid "Daybreak," planted against a four­ show with the rose. But the best foot wire fence, could easily be used as picture in the garden is made by the a six-foot pillar rose, for it covers fully tall blue, very dark and rich, and the ten feet of the fence with its many shades of yellow of the columbines wiry canes. Its foliage is the best of that grow below the rose "Vanity." the three, being denser and thick and Some dwarf lavender adds to this glossy. The spray of bloom has the combination, and later in the year typical multiflora formation, but the Eryngium alpinwn adds its lacy metal­ 'flowers do not open at the same time, lic blue and makes another picture of so that it lasts over a period of two great beauty. I have now some lusty weeks; the flowers themselves are seedlings of the yellow clematis, Cle­ yellow, especially deep in the bud and matis tangutica, descendants of those a light canary when open; in very hot Farrer found in Thibet, and hope that weather they pare to a deep cream. they will find that corner of the garden They are more than semi-double, and to their liking and next year weave ·each is about the size of a Harrison's their yellow bells in among the wild Yellow. It blooms throughout the rose blossoms of "Vanity."

From Our Affiliated Organizations The annual flower show is perhaps During the winter months, the junior the outstanding event of the year for members of the garden club organized the Lake Forest Garden Club and for a study class that met once a week. the past five years has been held in Each person attending the meetings the spring or e~rly summer. A flower selected some plant about which she market is held every Saturday morning was to gather as much information as during the summer months and various possible, reporting to the class. As ones of the finer gardens are opened to the meetings of the garden club are the public on Saturday and Sunday held in the summer, this class, held in afternoons. With the proceeds from the winter, proved a welcome oppor­ these three enterprises, the Lake tunity for the less experienced members Forest Garden Club has built a stone to acquire practice information and bridge over one of the larger ravines greatly facilitated the task of the that would otherwise have been filled perturbed Program Committee. The in; planted playgrounds, golf courses, program for the summer includes the and parkways, and contributed to­ Institute of Garden Design, consisting wards the support of schools of land­ of four lectures planned by Mr. Ralph scape architecture, scholarships, etc. Griswold, landscape architect and Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 275 Fellow of the American Academy of and refreshments, when guests of both Rome. After the lecture and the Chapters are welcome. luncheon, visits are paid to Lake As "The Glencoe Garden Club" Forest gardens which best illustrate both Chapters take an active part in the points brought out in the lecture. the Annual Flower Show held in Three of the lectures, The Develop­ Chicago by "The Garden Clubs of ment of a Garden Scheme, Individual­ Illinois" ilnd our entries are usually ity in Landscape Character, and Ten rewarded with some of the prizes and Distinguished Small Gardens, are by honorable mentions. Mr. Griswold, and the fourth, Planting Arden Shore, a large and beautiful the Garden Area, is by Miss Hannah open-air camp, supported by residents Champlin, of Cleveland, a member of of the North Shore and given over the American Society of Landscape during the summer to mothers and Architects. The Institute has been their children from Chicago's poorest organized with the idea of promoting districts, furnishes the opportunity a finer and more discriminating con­ for our most interesting work, being ception of garden design and is open devoted during the winter months to to all garden lovers. the welfare of fiftv under-nourished CLARICE w. HAMILL, boys, selected by the Chicago Board of Lake Forest Garden Club. Education, and sent out to regain their health. Every year a different member of the Founders Chapter is responsible one day in each month fQf The Glencoe Garden Club was or­ an interesting lecture, either travel or ganized in the spring of 1924, and now nature subjects, accompanied by screen has 23 active members, 3 associate, and pictures, which the boys enjoy and 2 non-resident. The number of active appreciate. Refreshments are always members has been limited to twenty­ donated by different members of the five to preserve the pleasant and in­ Club. formal atmosphere of our meetings Every year we give a pair of field held the first Monday of each month. glasses, each, to the boy and girl of the Members take their turn in alphabeti­ graduating class in our Grammar cal order as hostesses for luncheon. School who win in a nature contest, the Afterwards a program is given which subject of which is selected by the has been arranged by the Program Nature Study Instructor. Committee, usually an instructive This summer a tree was planted in lecture, often with accompanying the bird sanctuary here, with appropri­ screen pictures. At our September ate services in memory of a beloved meeting we will have an informal member who passed away last winter. competition in flower arrangements We take great pleasure in sharing for members only. the products of our gardens and regu­ In the spring of 1930 a new group larly a generous supply of flowers and was organized and called the "Skokie fresh vegetables are sent into the city Chapter." The same constitution and to the Chicago Plant, Flower and by-laws were used. The original unit Fruit Guild. was re-named the "Founders Chap­ IRMGARD T. ROBERTS, ter." Once a year we have a joint Corresponding Secret8lry, meeting with an interesting program Glencoe Garden Club. A Book or Two Adventures 'in a Suburban Garden. By the introduction and done the editing, Louise Beebe Wilder. The Mac­ One thousand herbs are described, millan Company, New York, 1931. although some of them are not truly 250 pages, illustrated. $3.50. herbs, but trees and bushes, included because of their medicinal uses. Where By this time there certainly can be so much research has been done, it no gardener who is not familiar with would have been more scholarly to the work Mrs. Wilder has done and have mentioned sources. Perhaps with the very pleasant ways in which these were omitted for fear of making she shares her experience with the the text heavy, but surely that could reading public. The present volume have been solved in some way and does not differ from its predecessors in would have made the book that much style or value and will immediately more valuable. find an important place in all garden The book shows the increasing collections. Much of it is familiar interest in the growing of herbs and ground, covered already in House and the tendency to use them more in Garden, but not all of it, and its issue medicine instead of the chemical or in book form is much to be commended. animal products so much in favor the Of old familiar friends there are last fifty years. Perhaps in time we many, enough to make one feel at shall go back to drinking aromatic home, but the paramount virtue of the teas for indigestion and to using work lies in the fact that there are pleasantly smelling poultices of balm many plants described that are not leaves or chamomile flowers, so that familiar. They are so engagingly the sick room instead of smelling of described that one is inspired to carbolic acid will be a pleasant spicy­ adventures on his own account, having scented place. confidence in Mrs. Wilder's assurances Mrs. Grieve mentions the uses of and her directions as to how it should the plants used in cooking and that be done. opens vistas of dishes flavored with Rock gardens and smallish plants spice and poetry instead of the ever­ loom large in the total bulk of the lasting peppers and tomatoes of Ameri­ book, which is proper, but there is can cookery. Altogether it is a most enough reporting on the garden as a intriguing subject to be approached whole in the first eight chapters so from several pleasant points, not the that those who have not yet wholly least pleasant of which is the con­ succumbed to the rock garden will sideration of the use of herbs in our find their full share. gardens either for their fragrance or their decorative qualities, their beauti­ A M adem Herbal. By Mrs. Grieve, fully patterned leaves or their charm­ with an introduction by Mrs. C. ing flowers. F. Leyel. Two volumes, published HELEN M. FOX. by Jonathan Cape, London, 1931. The Garden Club Manual. By Edith Here is a really new herbal with all R. Fisher. The Macmillan Com­ the latest information upon the pany, New York, 1931. 123 pages, medicinal use of herbs as well as their illustrated, $2.00. history, and some of the superstitions and practices associated with them. The keynote of this book is organiza­ Mrs. Leyel, who has done so much -to tion. Every phase of the work of revive the use of herbs, has written forming and running a garden club is [276 J Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 277 discussed with excellent clarity and no author, any plant found in an autumn small sense of humor. The final catalog is a bulb, a stand he defends judgments seem to have been born of at various points in the book but exper~ence, or if one dare say it, of which is undoubtedly responsible for expenences. the length of the volume. Surely we Types of garden clubs are discussed; might have been spared the chapters various model constitutions are pro­ on Iris and Peonies, Dahlias (which vided; outlines of business procedure, are roots and not tubers) and even financing and program are suggested, Gladiolus which, though within the with a final section given over to the scope of the book, like the others has grand annual orgy, the flower show. already been thoroughly Rockwelled. Everything is in the most simple and Much of the information is so elemen­ lucid form, so much so that the un­ tary as to be banal; little is included initiated could actually create and run that could not be found in catalogs a garden club with this book for and some of the statements are amaz­ guidance. Its study is recommended ing to say the least. One is astonished to all garden clubs, from those about to discover that Ornithagalum nutans to be born to those old and hardened has orange-colored flowers, to see a msm. picture of Lilium regale labelled Madonna lily, to read the astonishing remarks on the root habits of lilies, The Book of Btblbs. By F. F. Rockwell. to find the pitifully inadequate re­ The Macmillan Company, New marks on species tulips and crocus. to York, 1931. 264 pages, illustrated, find Chionodoxa canadensis, a new $2.00. species, presumably discovered by the author, tucked in without comment on Any reviewer finds himself at a loss page 101, and so on. There are far to know what to say for any new book too many misspellings to be pardoned by Mr. Rockwell, so familiar are their and the most extraordinary use of presentations, their faults and their capitals and italics. In spite of all merits. The present volume differs the protests' on the cover, one is very chiefly in being twice as long as usual. loath to believe that this book is the It must be said at once that for the result of experience with plants.

The Gardener's Pocketbook Prunus sargentii Rehder. Sargent after its introduction into the United cherry. States this cherry found its way into the Royal Botanic Ga;rdensat Kew, One. of the handsomest and probably England. the hardiest of all the nativ.e .cherries Under favorable conditions the of eastern Asia is .the pink-flowered Sargent cherry becomes a very large Sargent cherry, the Yama-zakura or tree, eventually 60 or 70 feet high, mountain cherry of northern Japan though it can not be said to be a rapid and southern Sakhalin. Its first grower. There seem to be two general suocessful introduction into cultivation habits of growth, one a strictly up­ appears to have been in 1890, when right, pyramidal 'form, and the other Dr. William S. Bigelow sent seeds from much more spreading, with a some­ Japan to the Arnold Arboretum, what rounded crown. The bark is Jamaica Plain, Mass. Three years characteristically dark brown and 278 TI-lE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 1931 smooth except on the older branches considered probably the finest timber and trunk, where it is gray and tree of all the cherries. The wood was roughened. formerly much used in Japan for mak­ The reddish-brown bud scales are ing printing blocks, which caused its narrowly obovate and viscid. The wholesale felling. At the present time young foliage, which appears usually in the United States the Sargent cherry just after the flowers have opened, is is not definitely known to be on the reddish or coppery brown. The mature Pacific Coast, although it is offered by leaves are smooth, slender-stemmed, several nurseries in the East. bright green above and gray-green PAUL RUSSELL. below, and 3 to 5 inches long. In Washington, D . C. shape they are elliptic-ovate, with long tips, and the margins are sharply and Sir: Since your printing of my notes coarsely, but not doubly serrate on Sidalcea "Rose Queen" in the April The deep pink flower buds open into number, I have had some comments. clear pink single flowers, 1 to 2 inches One from a letter-friend in Indiana across, borne in great. profusion in whom I met by seeing a letter of hers sessile or nearly sessile few-flowered in the English "The Garden" and umbels subtended by reddish, gland­ whom I persuaded to become a member ular-toothed bracts. Toward the of our ever-growing band of A.H.S's. end of June the fruits ripen; these are She is an Englishwoman and writes ovoid-globose, black, and about 2/ 5 she raised Sidalceas from seed from inch long. In early spring the Sargent Toogood, Southampton, some years cherry is a mass of lovely rose-pink ago. Hers grow about two and a half broken here and there by occasional feet high and are about the color of the bits of coppery foliage and chestnut­ Mary Wallace rose, which one of her brown twigs. The tree is a glorious plants is growing near-she thinks sight for more than a week, a blooming they are a pure rose color. period slightly longer than that of the Mine are doing better this year as double-flowered varieties. to height, if one wants that, nearly With colors ranging from reddish four and a half feet high, and stronger orange to fiery crimson, the autumn in damp heavy soil. Though the foliage of the Sargent cherry presents flowers are individually small and the a gorgeous spectacle. The general color on the magenta, they are useful effect is improved also by the fact that for cutting for big bold arrangements, the foliage like that of all of the with hemerocallis in pale yellow, white Japanese cherries is remarkably free phlox, etc. Thus their tall lanky I from the disfiguring eff~cts 9f fungi or spikes look well. insect pests. , Another comment came from Bob­ This cherry may be propagated by bink and Atkins in a courteous letter seed;:provided one realizes the danger saying they had several varieties and of ·foreign pollen if other early-flower­ were sending me their catalog. I ing 'cherries are nearby. It is much am not, however, buying anything this safer in such a situation to bud or graft year in the way of plants, having so on Japanese cherry or mazzard 'stock. many (too many) perennial seedlings If planting in a severely cold climate coming on and waiting to be trans­ is planned, Sargent cherry seedlings planted. The weeds growing so fast, should be used as stock. . the small plants are safer in their open ' The large size which this cherry frames than consigned to a border that ultimately attains makes it particu­ is overgrown whenever I turn my back. larly desirable for parks or large estates, Being a Fellow of the R. H. S. gives or as an avenue tree, provided the one the privilege of buying-for a small pyramidal type is selected. It is' of sum-their surplus seeds. So I sent in interest to note here also that this is a modest list this year, among them a Oct.,1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 279

Edgar T. Wherry [See page 280] Sasa palmata , 280 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct .• 1931 Sidalcea in white, and they came up discarding 2 that were rotten. It obligingly but are still infants. I bloomed from October 14 to Novem- want to compare them with my ber 4. • "mallow," so-called, that I spoke of, 1928. A bud was nearly open on given me from Mt. Desert. Its snow­ January I, but bitterly cold weather white flowers look like Godetia, an held it sealed until January 31. Wide annual I have not been successful with. open often in mid-February and bloom­ This year a lot of this "Sidalcea" or ing continuously until April 1. Second Mt. Desert mallow came up in pink, the blooming in late November, lasting same lavender pink of the Rose Queen until New Year's. aforesaid. I can not think where it 1929. One flower on February 10. secured its new color, unless it bor­ More in March. lasting into April. rowed some from the Rosy Morn One bud on November 5 was broken petunias that ramped all over that off before it opened, and another bud section of the garden last year. Rosy half open on New Year's Eve. Morn is not a lavender pink, but then 1930. The last mentioned bud one never knows what the bees dip opened on January 2. More bloom in into for their palette. mid-March, lasting into April. Again Both these Sidalceas, the tall and the bloom in the second week of November. short, will go I think along the stream 1931. To the date of this writing, next year and naturalize themselves. August, bloom on March 21 , lasting The liatris is there, and the Japanese about three weeks. Iris there seem to like to fight the weeds This record shows bloom in seven and do much better than in the rows months of the year, October to April where I break my back weeding them. inclusive. I know of no plant so On hot July days, I say, "Away with delightfully whimsical in this respect it all, and go back to Nature, every save the Christmas Rose, Helleborus plant child of you. Much more niger, which also has difficulty in sensible, and I'll lie on a garden chair making up its mind as to whether it and watch you." is a winter or a summer bloomer. I FRANCES EDGE MCILVAINE. dare say the snowdrop's conduct has Downington, Pa. been influenced by the fact that occasionally it has had the protection Another Note on Galanthus elwesii. of a small cold frame. AGNES FALES HUNTINGTON. Of nine varieties of galanthus that I New Jersey. have had in my garden, G. elwesii is in every way the finest. I t surpasses Sasa palmata, E. G. Camus. (See p. the others in beauty, size, vigor, and 279.) the amazing generosity it shows in its seasons of bloom. The petals are enor­ Although bamboos are for the South mous, the cup small in proportion. The and particularly for the regions that green markings on the cup are most do not have severe frosts in winter, variable. I have never seen it lack the some of them will survive and even V found on all or most snowdrops, but flourish in the North. Through the sometimes there is a green spot in summer they may appear too grass­ addition to the V and sometimes there like to attract much attention, but as is not. The most interesting things the leaves begin to fall from the about this snowdrop to me, is its habit deciduous trees and shrubs, their ever­ of frequent unpredictable blooming, green foliage assumes new importance. and I think the following notes may be The accompanying photograph was of interest. taken at Media, Pa., in the garden of 1927. On September 10, I received Mr. Fairman R. Furness and shows from Holland and planted, 8 bulbs, very clearly the decorative quality of Oct., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 281

Lilian A. Gllernsey [See page 282J Danae racernosa, AlexandTian Laurel 282 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 this particular species with its large South, particularly in Virginia, where leaves and the over-arching habit of its it is often remarked by northern shoots similar to that of the Solomon's visitors. If the illustration is examined Seal. One can see, too, the spreading carefully, the fruits will be seen. These habit of the plant and be warned are of a brilliant red color and would thereby that running bamboos should be very showy if they were more never be put into any garden areas freely produced and if they remained where they must be checked in their longer on the shoots. Usually they spread, for every bit of root large soon shrivel up and often drop, but enough to grow will recover and form even so the strong arching shoots a new plant. In the South this is with their glossy dark green leaves more serious than here, for here the are a sufficient decoration for any climate checks the spread of the plant flower that needs other foliage than sufficiently that it is not likely to its own. become a nuisance. The photograph shows also how Allium acuminatum Hook. (See p. closely the plant will grow about the 283.) base of a tree. This species and others, particularly those in the genus known Among the many interesting things as Sasa, are commonly used in Japan that have followed on the heels of the as ground covers in forests, forming in drought that overtook this country in time almost impenetrable carpets of 1930, is the conspicuous survival of their slender shoots. This on the plants from the Southern States and steeply sloping mountain sides is of those from the eastern slopes of the great advantage, for the soil is held Rocky Mountains. Although the from washing, and should the trees bulbs of this particular onion came need cutting, the bamboos can be from Idaho, it has a wider range, mowed down and will then grow up extending from Oregon to Montana, again without damage, when the work and so comes within the generality. of tree cutting is over. Unlike many of its fellow-species of that region, it is not a summer bloomer Danae racemosa Moench. (See p. 281.) but sends up its leaves and flowers in the spring along with other familiar Every country has its own special bulbs. The blooms do not actually customs with cut flowers. Here in open here un,til May, about the same America, Asparagus plumosus is the time as when Kaempfer's azalea is at its almost inevitable accompaniment of height. As the photograph shows, the the florists' roses or carnations, just leaves are beginning to ripen off even as one is offered oak leaves with then, and within a month of the flower­ dahlias and chrysanthemums, or stevia ing have withered away entirely, so or gypsophila with other flowers. that one should plant the bulbs where In France, among the many shrubs they will rise through some not too and near shrubs that may be added to compact herbage. The flower stalks flowers for a bouquet, one finds quite are about twelve inches high here commonly the poet's laurel, and if one and bear fair-sized umbels of clear goes about to nurseries that do a bit pink flowers, of much the same color of cut-flower business on the side, he is as those of A. unifolium that we have likely to discover row after row of this figured before. Like those of that plf1llt in a bit of rich, moist, half-shaded species also, the flowers become papery soil, where it grows, and is harvested as they age so that fading does not in much the same fashion as is aspara­ injure the appearance of the head. So gus, save that it is evergreen. This far this species has shown little indica­ plant with its three-foot stalks is to be tions of increase and has seeded very found in old gardens throughout the sparingly, so that apparently the good Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 283

Lilian A. Gup:mSI?]J [See page 282J Allium ac:uminat11Jm 284 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct,, 1931 gardener need have no fear to admit it other foliage after the flowers and into his borders, leaves have died away as they do in Washington, D. C. early summer. The flower stalks rise to fully eighteen or twenty inches and are crowned with eight to twelve Aronia arbutifolia Spach. (See p. 285.) large lily-shaped flowers of deep royal Among native plants that are cov­ purple. The flowers are erect, as the ered in season with charming fruits is illustration shows, and are more deeply the common red chokeberry of this colored on the inside of the perianth region. As it grows naturally, it often segments than the outside, which is makes too loose and straggling a plant, paler and fades to white at the base pushing up through mixed thickets of of the tube. other shrubs, to show rather solitary Like all other brodiaeas tried here, heads of fruit or flowers. Given its this is excellent for cutting, as all of place in the sun in the garden it is less the flowers continue to develop and inclined to sucker about and forms bloom after cutting. The outer blooms fine bushes of compact habit that are may be a little larger and more deeply well provided with their share of colored than those that develop in the berries, that color early in the fall and house, but the general effect is fine are not immediately eaten by the enough. Out-of-doors the first flowers improvident birds. are a little less tidy in their withering The flowers are very charming when than some of the other species, but seen nearby with their beautiful circle even so, dry up inconspicuously or of stamens above the ivory white can be snipped off. petals, but they yield second place to Plant fairly deep in soil that is .vell the berries in the fall or even to the drained and in a sunny location. turning leaves that color vividly. If Washington, D. C. one cuts the sprays for the house, they should be taken before all the leaves Crinum longifolium Thunb. (See p. have fully colored, as if the leaves 289.) have advanced too far in their turning they quickly drop off in the house. There is always a greater degree of Washington, D. C. interest concerning any plant that belongs at the limit of hardiness than for species that are safe and sure. Brodiaea grandifiora Smith. (See p. Gardeners who have been in the sub­ 287.) tropics and have seen the gorgeous masses of crinum foliage through which This is one of the more robust rise the flower stalks crowned some­ brodiaeas from the Pacific Coast with times with magnificent flowers, some­ a fairly wide range extending from times with pitifully insignificant Oregon down into California, where it blooms for such wonderful foliage, is known as the Harvest Brodiaea, a have always a degree of interest in name that does not signify autumn this plant and in its rose-colored fonn. flowering as it might to the Eastern Here, where it is subjected to frosts reader; but merely late spring or early and loses its foliage regularly, it can summer bloom. Here it flowers in not make so fine a mass as in the South, May. but even so, it forms a splendid clump The foliage appears rather early in of broad green leaves, through which the season and makes fairly conspicu­ rise, during the summer months, the ous clumps in the border. It should be three-foot stalks of blooms that show planted where it will not be exposed ~o their habit well enough in the illus­ every late spring frost and wher'e its tration. The flowers have a delicious place in the planting will be covered by scent that is difficult to name or to Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 285

Lilian A. Guernsey [See lJaue 284J ATonia aTbutifolia 286 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 compare to any of the familiar it is in flower and choose the forms that fragrances. show the best colors and flower shapes. Just how far north this species will The plants figured were gathered in live and thrive has never been reported Georgia some years ago when there was perhaps, but probably, if it were scarcely time to undertake field selec­ planted where the ground would be tion, but even in the few gathered kept from severe freezing by the heat there is considerable variation. of a cellar or greenhouse, and by a The plant of this note is the true surface mulch after the tops had been species and not the garden hybrid frosted, it would grow much farther grown and sold under this name, north than is commonly supposed. another excellent plant flowering early Washington, D. C. in the year and of quite different merits. Our plant makes constantly increasing tufts of upright shoots, Lilium giganteum Wall. (See p. 291.) that are crowned with bloom in late The bulbs illustrated here flowered May, when the garden hybrid is left one year after they were imported at with only straggling late flowers. The Mr. Havemeyer's place on Long Island. color, like that of many phloxes, is not They are growing in open woods among pleasing to some people, but with a dogwoods and rhododendrons, where little care, the purity of the rosy they seem to do very well indeed. As magenta can be enhanced by seeing soon as American gardeners come to that there are good neighbors, keeping recognize the part that shade plays in away all flowers that tend toward the many gardening operations, the sooner orange or scarlet part of the spectrum. these lilies will become more common. Like Phlox divaricata it is inclined to If they are to be raised from seed, go shabby in the summer, when the seven years must elapse from the time flowering shoots die back, but if the of germination to the time of flowering. tops are cut off after flowering, a On account of the various difficulties second growth will come up that in their cultivation, these lilies have flowers sparingly and keeps a green been for years one of the tours de force top. In either case the crown of new of the gardener's skill. shoots appears in late summer that One cold misty day in late July, I rushes into growth in the early spring. had an unforgettable experience in the Like Phlox divaricata also it throws its Edinburgh Botanic Garden, that seeds about in all direct.ions. so that stronghold of gardening skill. Walking one need not propagate by ' division, through the wooded area into a sort of once he has learned their appearance. clearing, I saw the snowy spires of the They are not to be confused with giganteum lilies and as I came closer, diva?'icata as the leaves are long and alongside the lilies, I saw great clumps narrow and the entire plant is reddish of Meconopsis baileyi with its gray and hairy. They begin to appear green foliage and blue flowers and in almost immediately and continue com­ front of them, drifting out to the ing up through the fall and the borders of thepath,sheets of candelabra following spring, so that they can be primroses, hybrids in various colors rescued and transplanted whenever from soft yellow to deep salmon. they are of a suitable size. HELEN M. FOX. Washington, D. C.

Phlox amoena Sims. (See p. 293.) Sempervivum tissieri Lagg. (See p. 295.) Some enterprising gardener who lives in the region where this species Plants of this species from M. Cor­ grows wild should make it his or her revon have come to be one of the most business to roam the open woods while surprising of the small colonies that Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZ INE 287

Lilian A . Guernsey [See page 2841 Brodiaea grandifiora 288 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct,193'l have developed in the last year. If it cates. To persons interested in breed­ continues to be as prolific in years to ing, it is well to know that it gives good come as it has been in the past, it seed to many pollens, chiefly of . should soon h!1ve as common an oc­ trumpet varieties here, since it is an currence as old lectorum itself. early flower, opening when most of the Although M. Correvon reports it as trumpet varieties are at their height. having rosettes of medium size, I Only one objection can be raised in should call them small, since they my experience and that is that in some rarely exceed an inch in diameter. seasons the perianth segments do not Essentially green in color, the only lie flat but show a tendency to become play of light that comes appears in channeled. This is not always, nor the ciliation of the edges of the leaves even often, true and so need not be and the tufts of white hairs on the considered too seriously. tips. These, on the crowded young Washington, D. C. leaves, are so close together in the heart of the rosette that it appears Tulips again. almost as white and cottony as some of the forms related to arachnoideum, In the October issue of this magazine but closer examination always shows for last year, under the caption of the hairs to be merely tufts and not Some Species Tulips, I gave my ex­ long threads that run from tip to tip. perience with certain members of this So far the plants have not flowered charming genus and thought the and perhaps do not need to do so while matter was final until I had acquired t~ey are making such rapid increase in other species and had given them time size. to adapt themselves to the garden. Washington, D. C. Further study of the family and obser­ vations made this last spring lead me Narcissus, Pilgrimage. (See p. 297.) to correct several statements I made and also to give some of my experiences In recent years many narcissus with the more commonly planted hybrids have come into the market strains we know as Darwin, Cottage, that represent secondary crosses, made Breeder and the like. with existing hybrids in an effort to I am more and more convinced that improve the quality of the first the tulip species will find American crosses. To gardeners who have been conditions to their liking and, given familiar with such old incomparabilis the right sort of treatment, will prove varieties as the ancient Sir Watkin, as permanent in our rock gardens and the newer varieties of incomparabilis even in our borders, as crocus and are a revelation. In some cases they narcissus. It is because of this con­ have been so much interbred with viction and of a desire to urge others trumpets that it is difficult for the to try them that I am broaching the beginner to differentiate, to guess subject again. When we remember where the trumpet class begins and the that the great majority, indeed I might incomparabilis leaves off. say all, of the wild tulips are natives Pilgrimage, the subject of this note, of regions that have hot dry summers is not entirely new, having been raised and cold winters, and that all of them by The Brodie some years ago (1923), are used to a hot baking during the but has not yet come into as common summer months, it does not seem cultivation as it deserves. It makes a unreasonable to expect them to make fine vigorous plant, as tall as King themselves at home in our American Alfred, with broad leaves and rapid gardens if we will only allow them to increase. The color is almost a self­ establish themselves. I am beginning yellow of deep hue but the cup is a to believe that we expect too much the little darker as the photograph indi- first few seasons after planting such OGt., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 289

Michael Carron [See page 2841 Crinum longifolium 290 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 species as T. sylvestris. Again, I prepared to a depth of eighteen inches, believe that the cause of the reported preferably by removing the soil and failures of many species, especially mixing in a quantity of crushed shell. T. clusiana, is too shallow planting. Old lime rubble, mortar from between Besides this they demand dry condi­ old bricks or stones, or old plaster tions during their resting period and from a demolished building is excellent, demand it because of long centuries of and bonemeal. It is a good plan to life in such a climate. That we can collect such material and keep a supply find a suitable place for them I am sure, constantly on hand for iris. Many and that the tulip is adaptable enough rock plants and most of the daffodils to accept a reasonable compromise I love it. If your soil is a very heavy am equally certain. clay, some sand should be used to Last winter I discovered an article lighten it. In filling the hole be sure to by the late W. R. Dykes, in the fill in the soil gradually and tamp each Journal of the Royal Horticultural layer solidly to make it firm and hard, Society for September, 1925, Some for wild tulips grow naturally in a hard Wild Species of the Tulip, in which he solid soil and abhor light spongy earth. stressed their needs, strong sunshine, It goes without saying that if the lime in the soil, deep planting and a drainage is poor, it should be remedied dry resting period. He suggested before the soil mixture is returned to planting them within the "reach of the the hole. roots of some shrub that will suck the Coming from lands where the wint­ moisture out of the soil in summer and ers are severe as these little fellows do, so produce warm dry conditions." I can see no reason for giving them a While this was written for English protection against cold. Certainly, in gardeners who would have to contend southern Jersey, I have never used any with a damper and cooler summer, and winter protection for them, even the with a less violent sun than we do first year after planting. It is well, here, the principle holds good for us. however, to give the early flowering It is perfectly reasonable when we ones some protection or shelter from remember their habitat. This last the eastern sun so as to retard their spring . I noticed that those which procociousness lest their buds be were doing best in my garden were nipped by late frosts. Protection planted near dwarf shrubs or ever­ from strong winds they must have, so greens or climbing roses. In such that the foliage is not bruised or planting, the flowers gain a happy broken off-another good reason for background, for they show to best planting near shrubs, especially if the advantage against the dark green or lee side is also the sunny side. I have gray green of some evergreen or the come almost to the conclusion that fresh young green of some deciduous most of the failures with tulips of any shrub. kind follows damage to the leaves from Dykes also stressed deep planting strong winds, for with their leaves and suggested that the bulbs might be destroyed the plants can not make a placed a.s deep as twelve inches, for he healthy bulb for next year. had observed that those so planted As an experiment to see how the had remained healthy the longest. ; flowers of newly planted bulbs of in this his experience confirms my own. T. clusiana would compare with those He dismisses the lime content of the flowering for their sixth year, I soil by saying that there should be planted last autumn a few new bulbs lime in the soil. As I neglected to near the old and was delighted this mention my use of crushed oyster shell, spring to find that there was absolutely when I spoke of soil preparation la.st no difference. autumn, I hope I shall be forgiven if I These old bulbs also illustrate the repeat myself. The ground should be advantage of deep planting, for they r Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 291

[See page e86j Lilium giganteum 292 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 were put down ten to twelve inches is more concentrated and deeper, more deep and bonemeal and a little lime pronouncedly olive, on the midrib have been added every other year for than on the rest of the petal. T. the tulips and the dwarf iris planted hageri nitens, which is the name of a nearby. Their sixth flowering belies variety now offered in American cata­ the theory of their early death. logs, is of a dull crimson shaded bronzy In the issue for last January, Miss green, with the same effect of having a Averett writes of her success with stripe down each petal as in the type, T. greigi. This tulip was new to my but within is a vivid dark crimson with garden this spring but I have been a small really black base. It opens watching it in the garden of a friend fully to the sun and so shows its gay since the autumn of 1927, the same interior. The foliage of both is long season Miss Averett planted hers. and narrow and lies flat on the ground. Like hers, they have flowered every It is bright green and is waved on the season and have yielded no increase. margins. Not knowing that I had Both Dykes and Hall call attention to added to my small original group, the this latter fact, and since the bulbs are folks at home were delighted with the very costly, one wonders how they increase, for it is the best liked of my are procured. One wonders, too, if this species tulips; but when two weeks later is another tulip that must be thor­ the original stock started to open and oughly established before it increases. they saw that there were really two Miss Averett describes the foliage and kinds of the same quiet splendor, it blossom perfect.1y but says nothing of was hard to say who in that household the height, usually noted in books as was most delighted. I hope that nine inches. Those in my friend's after reading this, everyone will go garden are never quite that tall and after this species and so exhaust the my newly planted bulbs bloomed at season's supply that dealers will feel four inches by actual measurement, sure they must have it and others due possibly to the abnormalities of next year. last spring, a spring that, like all its I told last year how my T. sylvestris fellows, did not please the gardener had spread into the lawn from its entirely. original location in the border. This Last autumn I was vehement in tulip is one of the kinds which increase contradicting the catalogs that gave by sending out stolons at some distance the heights of T. hageri as ten inches; from the mother bulbs, and so it grew now I must retract and hedge on the under my rock edging to the border question. There seem to be two and out into the grass. Last autumn varieties of this charming species, for those in the border got a good dose of while .the old treasures upheld my bonemeal and lime stirred into the soil statement and bloomed at exactly six over them and I had hoped to find a inches, the newly planted bulbs sur­ slightly better flowering from those prised me by running up the greater that got the extra food. What was my height and blooming earlier tha-n my surprise this spring to find a much old ones. The flowers are slightly heavier bloom on all of them. Perhaps different, just a trifle, but enough to it was because of the past hot summer, make me glad that I have both. The but I am beginning to think that this shape is the same, globular, and they tulip is one which must be allowed to are of a size, or with perhaps a little establish itself thoroughly before it in the favor of the taller form. T. will really amount to anything. With hageri is of a dark copper red-my me it had bloomed better every year, co-gardener says it is a mahogany red­ especially after hot summers, hot and with a blackish center; the outside .of dry ones to be more exact, with one the segments, I believe only the outer flower the first year and over a dozen three, is shaded with olive green which stems last season. Oct., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 293

!Ific hael Carron [See page 286J Phlox amoena 294 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 Only two new tulips were added to fore they show their normal growth or the garden last year, for it seems do their best in regard to normal bloom. harder to get these dwarf species here Personally I should much prefer it to in America than almost any other remain as small as it was this year. plant. As both of them were reported So much for the species, unless you tall, they were planted in the border consider the lovely pale yellow Vitel­ rather than in the rock garden. As I lina a species, which I am sure it is not, was away from the garden when both although most of our catalogs and of them were in their prime, I must some of our writers would have us give second-hand descriptions, written believe. N one of the English or down at the time, with actual measure­ continental authorities, as far as I ments. T. micheliana is supposed to know, consider it anything but a be a form of eichleri or else a species hybrid. There was a time when it very close to it. The true plant is was a fashion among hybridizers to over a foot in height with a blossom name their products with Latinized of "crimson scarlet and a blotch of names and this tulip came into deep purple that shows through to the existence during that period. The back of the outer segments." Mine same explanation holds good for such were "six inches high; color, pink, names as elegans, flava, retrofiexa, something like the shade of Clara Butt, cornuta. Moreover, Vitellina does with a well-marked blue base; it had not behave like a species, for I have the appearance of a wild tulip rather never known it to establish itself and ' than a horticultural tulip. Foliage go on blooming year after year as a light gray green." That is one of the wild tulip should. In addition, it is delights of growing species tulips, for just as susceptible to fire and other bulbs are often collected nursery tulip diseases as any other hybrid; grown and most of the reputed species while in my experience, wild tulips vary greatly both in color and height. never suffer from anything save too The other newcomer was T. kush­ much moisture in their resting period. kensis from the wilds of Turkestan, ALFRED BATES. which, for those who must have a New Jersey. common name for their plants, is called the Cotton Tulip because its SIR: In the January issue the Ideal­ .bulbs have a thick woolly covering, ist complains about the damage that so thick that I wondered if it would ants have done in his garden and asks not absorb so much water that the for a safer remedy than carbon disul­ bulbs would rot. This tulip has phide. I think I have found one. flowers of vermilion red on fifteen­ Some weeks ago, some one coming inch stems. The interiors of the blooms into my garden and seeing a procession have very large black blotches that of ants going up a crinum told me to are thinly lined with yellow. The sprinkle soda bicarbonate on the leaves are gray green and very long plant and on the ants' nest. It was one and narrow. Only one blossomed, "four of the nests that are so extensive­ inches high, a beautiful miniature, a not the small circular nest that one sees rich red but not so penetrating a color in the north-and is the sort that is as the other red species; foliage and impossible to use Cyanogas on without habit like T. micheliana; only more killing grass and plants. I tried the dwarf; the flower lasted a very long soda and have found it to be entirely time, longer than any others." While efficacious and absolutely harmless to it is not safe to draw any conclusions the vegetation. I sprinkle it over the from the way the bulbs act the first plants and the outlets of the nests and season of their flowering, I am rather then wash it down with the hose. inclined to place this species among I used to use Cyanogas, making a those that require establishment be- hole in the nest with a transplanting Oct., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 295

Michael Carron rSee page 286J Sempervivwm tissieri-natural size 296 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct .. 1931 trowel and putting in half a teaspoon standardization of horticultural nom­ of it and then covering the hole and enclature" is that it is a matter tending tamping it down firmly. It extermin­ to remedy the most salient, the most ates the ants but it. can not be used grievous phase of the present confusion too near a plant. of plant names,-the misnaming of MRS. ROGER SHERMAN BALDWIN. plants in the trade and in gardens. West Palm Beach, Florida. The most annoying aspect of this con­ fusion of names is not the occasional SIR: The American Joint Commit­ misspelling of names but the habitual tee on Horticultural Nomenclature is misapplication of names. Good spell­ stirring itself into renewed activity ing and proper usage are important, preparatory to a revised and enlarged but, in the interest of orderly buying edition of Standardized Plant Names. and selling, it would seem less serious It may not be amiss, therefore, at an offense that Campanula Tommas­ this time, to question whether this iniana may he spelled Thomassiniana book has thus far proven an effective than that the name should be applied instrument of standardization. to the wrong Campanula. Short­ There has been, admittedly, since comings in spelling, hyphenating and its publication a certain gain in the such do not cause duplication of uniform use, in print, of the " stand­ plants or useless expenditures, but the ardized" names. This gain may wrong application of plant names to perhaps be accounted for in part by plant materials does cause annoyance, the insistence of editors and publishers waste of time and money and makes upon adherence to this avowed code, buying unsafe. which lends to their respective publi­ In this sense of the term I venture cations so dignified an appearance of a to say that Standardized Plant Names policy of standardization. has not contributed anything in itself This gain of outward, paper uni­ to the cause of standardization,-of formity, however, does not appear to order. It has created no new, demon­ represent a true gain of standardization strable standards of plant identity in the sense of a more orderly applica­ over and above the sources of botanical tion of plant names t.o plant materials information which were available prev­ in gardens and in the trade. iously to its publication,-sources One's estimate of the effectiveness which, while helpful, provided no of the book as a means of standardi­ sufficient basis for any definite, horti­ zation must depend on whether one cultural code of plant naming. understands the standardization of The study of our cultivated flora is horticultural nomenclature to be pri­ not sufficiently organized to-day to marily a matter of spelling, hyphenat­ furnish any basis as yet for a definit.e, ing and such other usage in the serving workable horticultural code of nomen­ up of plant names, or primarily a clature. Existing scientific data on matter of the orderly application of natural plant forms have not been plant names to plant materials. sufficiently clearly interpreted for the Suppose one considers it primarily a use of plantsmen and there has been matter of spelling, etc., and of uniform rather insufficient studv of cultivated usage in the presentation of plant plant forms. A vast number of plants names in print,-would not anyone of in commerce to-day can not be defin­ a number of excellent handbooks in it~ l y determined with the aid of use to-day answer this purpose fully as scientific references. well as any revised edition of Standard­ Under this condition neither Stand­ ized Plant Names? What advantages ardized Plant Names nor any other of this sort could such a new edition book to-day could be expected to offer over Hortus? . furnish a means of the standardization My understanding of the term "the of horticultural plant names. Stand- Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 297

Lilian A. Gv.fiT7lsey [See page 288] N arcis$us Pilgrimage 298 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 ardized Plant Names can do no more, No workable code of horticultural and does no more, than concern itself nomenclature can be arrived at by with such comparatively trivial aspects proclamation,-by the adoption of so of the prevailing confusion of names happy a trade slogan as "Standardized as spelling, hyphenating and capitali­ Plant Names." zation. That is all that can be ex­ There is no other thinkable way to pected of it. It can not prevent the arrive at any workable code than duplication of plant materials under through the creation of a more tangible, various names. It can not make complete record of the relation of buying any easier or safer. current plant names to plant materials No statement of adherance to this in cultivation. avowed code of standardization, ap­ No such record, sufficient for the pearing as a motto on catalog covers, purpose, exists today and we are a ca.n offer to the purchaser of plants long way from having it. Its creation any assurance of the proper or con­ would take a very long period of sistent application of plant names or of specially directed study. And yet, so the genuineness of materials. long as we do not have it, we can not Standardized plant names there­ think of the standardization of horti­ fore, as it is or can conceivably be cultural nomenclature in any serious revised, should be looked upon as no sense. Nothing matters much about more than a spelling aid. It is valuable plant names in commerce, so long as mainly for stenographers and printers their proper meaning in terms of of labels and catalogs. living plants is in doubt. It must be evident to all who have For the present, then, the title of the more or less experience in the purchas­ book is a boastful and presumptive ing of plants from catalogs that the one. It tends to present to the public most important cause of confusion and mind as an accomplished fact that annoyance is the misnaming of plants. which is yet far-off and to distract To them the concept of standardized attention from those preparatory names must be inseparable from the studies that musi of necessity precede creation of tangible, demonstrable the publication of any effective code of standards of plant identity. To them, standardization. I express the hope the standardization of plant names that, in the event of a revision, a more must mean primarily a matter of plant modest and accurate title may be identity. In this light, Standardized found for it. Plant Names, dealing with other, com­ P. J. VAN MELLE, paratively trivial matters of usage, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. must fall utterly beyond the pale of consideration from my standpoint of SIR: The striking point of the great standardization in this more weighty Atlantic City Flower Show on Septem­ sense. ber 4, 1931, was its striking situation Surely, so long as the application, in the great solid concrete structure the meaning of a plant name is in of its Convention Hall, reared on doubt, its spelling and the manner in sand, and but a few hundred yards from which the name is dished up, are of the Atlantic Ocean. trivial importance. Whether entered from the subter­ For a book which deals exclusively anean automobile driveway beneath, with matters of such secondary, com­ where, after leaving one's car, one paratively trivial importance, the ascended a gently inclined ramp to the title of "Standardized Plant Names," main floor, feeling meanwhile one was which presents the idea of standardi­ below the level of the ocean, or turning zation in a past tense,-as an accom­ in from the vastly wide Boardwalk, plished fact, would seem most pre­ glaring in the sun by day and by sumptive. night in electricity, one has the same Oct., 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 299 sensation. "This is strikingly differ­ gives a glaring contrast that is never ent from any other place in the restful and never satisfying. world." A great deal of Princes feat.her, that The Convention Hall is truly enor­ variety of coxcomb in pale yellows, is mous, and though one has read the used, and most. effectively with va.rious advance notices of "gardens of 5000 fo liage plants, one firm daringly be­ square feet" this means nothing until coming " gay ninetyish" and sug­ one walks and visualizes them. gesting one's initials may now be made The next striking point after that of on the lawn, by planting these tiny situation is the use of the native Jersey plants of various colors. They there­ Junipers as masses for backgrounds. upon make "Atlantic City Flower Evergreens are always used lavishly in Show" in small red and amaranth flower shows, but here these tall coleus. Truly Progression seems but stiffish native Junipers of great height Retrogression as fashion turns its are grouped at the ends and corners of wheel. gardens so as to effectually shield one Gladioli, which have always seemed from the other, so the effects are kept to be the ideal hotel and restaurant quite separately. The central space is flower, should here, in this city of kept open for a great water garden hotels, come into their own, and they done by the Henry A. Dreer Company, do. Sheaves 3.nd sheaves, the upper and very well done. Never have the parts of their spikes still green with aquatics had the stage to themselves as their unopened buds, for one whole they have here. Oblong ponds set in exhibit has been sent from Burlington, turf bordered by narrow beds in the Vermont, at the upper end of the great middle of this turf banking, of double Lake Champlain, and cut on Wednes­ fringed petunias on the outside and day were shipped that night to be marvellous tuberous begonias and glox­ displayed by Friday evening. Gor­ inias on the inner side where the paths geous shades, the new Veilchenblau cross. In the center of the ponds' rise being an especially fine purple one, tall cat-tails and arrow head. Two and another called Picardy seems an enormous leaves of the Victoria Regia exquisite pink as seen under the un­ flank two of the ponds and tropical reliable electric glare. Mrs. Leon pink and rose-colored water lilies rise Douglas is flaming, a most wonderful from the water as if they had grown color. The old favorites, such as and flowered there all summer. The Mrs. Norton, and Pendleton, are ever great blue and purple varieties look lovely. In another exhibit, this time even more exotic. The simple, delici­ a firm near home, namely W. Atlee ously fragrant native water lily float­ Burpee, two more good gladioli are ing on the surface is not seen amidst noted; David Airdrie, a magenta-like these marvels. tone with a white heart, a very fine Dreer also has a very good rose flower, Captain Boynton, a cream garden, with long half-moon paths white with a lavender edge. Burpee against a background of white fence also shows a jar of a fine perennial, and dark conifers with an herbaceous Liatris scariosa, small thistle-like border planted with some very fine purple flowers studding a two to three regal and Sargent lilies. foot stalk, very effective. One garden of a rather too much of a One high light of the show, not only muchI1ess of reds, yellows and purples because it was much advertised be­ is enhanced by two live parrots of the forehand, but also for its intrinsic same hues, only better done in blend, merit and originality for us in America, one may remark, Nature knowing how, was the Suttons and Sons vegetable so much more often than man in these exhibit from Reading, England. Here matters. The pergola and archway is were vegetables de luxe, and arrange­ unfortunately white, and as usual ment de luxe also, for the arrangement 100 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 had the charm of novelty to American the State that is the biggest grower of eyes, few probably of the onlookers vegetables t.hat we have among the having attended shows of the Royal States, the "Market basket of New Horticultural Society or the great York." Their men were so courteous Midland and Scotland Shows. Tall and so interested, it was a pleasure to stands resembling those used here to talk with them and to watch them. hold fancy bird cages or bridge lamps One exhibit of New Jersey fruit were used, the standards wreathed in could well compare itself to this smilax and crowned with a marvellous English one of vegetables, as regards arrangement of peas in pods, four or finish and quality. It was from Locust five rows of them, the top crowned Grove, Westville, baskets of apples, again with tufts of parsley, the floor unbelievably perfect. One called and other box-like stands all covered " Opalescent" one hoped was as good with black velvet that had evidently as it looked, while the peaches care­ seen much service, but gave still a fine lessly yet gracefully arranged in the background. Snowy cauliflowers in center with an electric light pouring baskets, they call all their cauliflowers on their unblemished velvet skins broccoli, and label what we call by made one long for a taste. this name" Italian broccoli." Nothing There was a large garden that had could be finer than the onions which its entrance gate of wrought iron half had been well advertised beforehand closed and across from post to post by enthusiastic reporters as large as was a more than life-sized cob-web foot balls. Small cannon balls would cleverly woven of silver cord, and a be nearer the truth, yet none of them huge jewelled spider hung in t.he center. were ball-like in shape as all had a long It was quite a pretty idea but within neck, especialy the variety Ailsa Craig, the garden the imagination of the and all the necks were craned in one maker had gone too far, and giant direction, that of England supposedly, toadstools of pottery reared themselves homesick already for their usual accom­ here and there, a gnome or two paniment of roast beef and yorkshire walked the paths, and though quaint pudding. The Runner Beans were enough there, one felt a shudder to some two feet long, but did not inspire think soon these would accompany the envy in the heart of the American who gazing balls, the imitation stone was gazing at them. "Should not you benches and jars that fill our suburbs think they would be tough," said she, to the exclusion. of the rare and inter­ with an experienced air. "And did esting plants the owners might far you see the corn over in the New Jersey better spend their money upon. We State Agricultural Exhibit?" We hope may be rapidly getting back to the the Sutton and Son's representative did days of the iron stag on the lawn, and not overhear this, for of course he had the faithful Fido guarding the fountain. brought no corn. Why should he, with "Who gets the prizes?" is always an all these marvels of shiny exquisitely interesting question at Flower Shows. finished products of the soil; one won­ The grand award, a $1,000 prize for dered if they had ever come out of best garden, went to a very good one, mere dirt. and properly enough from the State of The Kohlrabi, for instance, was of a New Jersey, one unknown to me before, purple and a vivid green top that ours but from the quality of its plants and never attains, and the color of their their more or less unusualness in the carrots was as fresh as if from a paint­ ordinary desert of sameness of our er's palette. Altogether a marvellous shrubs and trees in nurseries generally. exhibit, and a lesson in neatness and Here were fine Cryptomerias, Retin­ care of detail for us. And a daring . osporas and the quite rare blue grey sporting thing to do too, to come to " Meyers Juniper" sent back from New Jersey with such a show, here to China by the plant explorer, Frank Oct, , 1931 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 301 Meyer, who later lost his life by drown­ sufficiently matured to be well colored, ing in the great Yangste. Good box­ a large portion will have fallen and wood edging, fine forced azaleas and many of those remaining will have small rhododendron look very odd at changed from green to yellow or in this time of year, for though we are many cases to a brilliant scarlet or accustomed to the display of them in deep, rich maroon. Hundreds of the spring flower shows, that is nearer fruits will be seen attached to t.he their normal time of bloom than now smaller branches throughout the trees, in September, when Autumn and the at first sight like many golden ba.lls. death of the year are approaching. A As one approaches more closely, he tall sculptured figure, the Scherzo by sees that the fruits vary in shape and Harriet Frishmuth, stood gracefully color, depending upon the variety and in the pool's center, its bronze taking the degree of maturity. on blue and green tones from the While it is almost 75 years since the colored lights, thus harmonizing with oriental persimmon was first intro­ the conifers of which the entire garden duced into this country, it is only in seemed to be composed. recent years that it has been grown in There were also wonderful dahlias. sufficient quantities to reach the larger They seem to be getting larger and markets, although it has been grown larger, so unreal often in their hugeness extensively in China and Japan for that some artificial one across the centuries and is regarded by the peopl~s hall quite deceived one. Orchids, too, of those countries as a staple fruit as were there in numbers and the rare we consider the apple in this country. Espiritu Santo, or Holy Ghost orchid, Strangely enough, the Navy must be which has not been shown in the credited with Lhe first introduction of United States for more than twenty this fruit into America. When Com­ years. Marvel after marvel in the modore Perry, in 1856, visited Japan floral world surrounded one on every and opened her doors to the world, he side, while out-of-doors but a si,one's evidently was very much impressed throw moved the greatest marvel of with the beauty and value of this all, the wide Atla.ntic Ocean with its striking fruit, which he undoubtedly ceaseless roll and curling breaking must have observed as conspicuous wave, on the white sands. and abundant in the native markets. F. E. Me ILVAINE. Seeds were sent back by his expedition Downington, Pa. to Lieutenant Maury at Washington. These were subsequently planted at The Oriental Persimmon. the Naval Observatory in that city. Some of the trees produced by these Comparatively few of the persons seeds fruited in 1860 but apparently who read t.his article will have had an the trees died in a few years without opportunity to see the orchards of lea.ding to other distribution. oriental persimmons, perhaps more The first importation of grafted commonly known as Japanese per­ trees was made in 1870 by the United simmons, in our Southern States and in States Department of Agriculture, and California, and yet there probably while the most of these trees died will be some who have seen them in because of the long journey, two of our their native countries, China and best known varieties, Hachiya and Japan. Tanenashi, were among those that One's first sight of an. orchard of survived. Later plants were propa­ oriental persimmon trees heavily laden gated from this importation and dis­ with their golden fruit will be long tributed in the Southern States and remembered. During the fall when California. To-day these varieties the fruit is ripening, the leaves gradu­ are the two most important ones com­ ally drop unt.il by the time the fruit is merciall y, Hachiya representing 90 or 302 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1931 95 per cent of the plantings in Cali­ millions of persimmons for four or fornia while Tanenashi is the most im­ five months in outdoor beds where portant single variety in the Southern they are frozen solid. During the States. They are both of high quality winter months, the frozen fruits are and seedless. The fruits are conical in taken from these out-door storage beds outline and of large size, 3 to 3X inches and transported by donkey and camel in both equatorial and longitudinal trains to the city markets, where they dimensions. are delivered in the frozen condition The color varies from the darker to be used immediately. shades of yellow through various Recent investigations in this country shades of orange to deep tomato red, have .shown that the natural processes lending a distinctly oriental touch and of ripening the fruit during which the dash of color to our fall and winter flesh softens and the astringency dis­ fruits. The flesh when sufficiently appears can be greatly hastened by mature to be eaten is of a rich golden freezing. If well-colored hard fruits color, soft and juicy. One 13hould are frozen solid and then thawed, the remember that like our native per­ flesh will soften and the astringency simmons, the large fruited persimmon disappear. It is necessary to allow a must be soft before it is eaten as other­ period of three or four hours to pass wise the astringency present in the after the fruit has completely thawed earlier stages will produce the familiar before it is to be eaten to be sure that and disagreeable puckery feeling in the all the astringency has disappeared. mouth. The oriental persimmons sold The persimmon is primarily a fruit in the market are with few exceptions for consumption while fresh. It can seedless, in contrast to our very seedy be purchased in our markets either native fruit. soft or hard. If taken as a soft fruit A new variety, Fuyu, is occasionally it is ready for immediate consumption; found in the market and is quite dis­ if obtained as a hard fruit it must be tinct from all others. It is tomato­ kept until it softens. It is most com­ shaped and the flesh is never astringent. monly served as a dessert, the pulp It can be eaten while it is firm and hard being taken out with a spoon and like an apple, becoming sweeter as it eaten with or without cream. A ages and the color changes from lemon delicious salad can be prepared by to orange and finally red. peeling the fruit, especially of such While our native persimmon is dis­ varieties as the Fuyu, placing it on tributed from Connecticut to Florida lettuce and serving with French, and westward to Oklahoma and Texas, eream, or mayonnaise dressing. A this oriental relative is confined to the very attractive and delicious ice cream cotton region and California, with ean be made by adding one part of occasional trees grown as far north as soft persimmon pulp to t.hree or four New Jersey. In the North, however, parts of ordinary ice cream mixture they rarely survive more than a few before freezing. years. If you do not know the oriental In China and Japan, enormous persimmon, discover it for yourself quantities of this fruit are consumed this fall. Be sure that the fruits are both fresh and dried. A few years ago, really ripe before you eat them and try Mr. P. H. Dorsett, who at that time the new flavor several times until you was plant hunting for the United have learned to relish the full flavor. States Department of Agriculture in An interesting new experience is before northeastern China, was greatly sur­ you. c. C. THOMAS. prised to find that the Chinese store Washington, D. C. Index for Volume 10

ABBEY, FRED M.: Eleagn'Us llungens...... 26 Fringed Gentian...... 70 Epiphytes...... 181 After the Drought...... 58 Erythronium ...... 173 Allium accwnvinatwm...... 282 E1tphorbia obesa...... 228 jlavum...... 50 pulchellum ...... 146 FAIRCHILD, DAVID: Aloe andrigitensis...... 15 Baobab Tree in Florida ...... 245 Annuals for the Rock Garden...... 85 Southern Cypress as a Columnar Annual, In praise oL ...... 126 Landscape Tree ...... 209 Ants in the Garden...... 294 FELLOWS, KATHERINE F ORDING : Apicra deltoidea...... 17 Amateur Garden Propagation...... 134 ARMSTRONG, JENNIE TILT: Dwarf Iris...... 249 Primulas...... 7, 89 Fire, Influence of on Western Flora...... 130 Raising from Seed ...... 217 FOOTE, EDNA: Aronia arbutijolia ...... 284 New Pink-Tone Daffodils ...... 11 3 AVERETT, MARY JUDSON: FRYE, ELSE M.: Cas~al Chr.y~~nthemums...... 22 Amateur Makes a Rock Garden ...... 199 Tul~pa GrMg~L ...... 71 Annuals for the Rock Garden...... 85 Fuchsias, True Species Cultivated in BANGHART, EDITH : California...... 100 Charming Native Iris...... 133 Baobab in Florida...... 245 Galan thus eZwesii ...... 144, 280 BATES, ALFRED: GALLOWAY, B. T.: Tulips again...... 288 "Me," Plant Immigrant ...... 255 Bloodroot, Double ...... 221 Gentian, Fringed...... 70 Brodiaea capitata...... 156 GERSDORF F, C. E. F.: grandiflora...... 284 Fragrant Gladiolus...... 157 hendersoni...... 56 White Delphinium ...... 118 Gladiolus, Fragrant...... 157 Camassia leichUina...... 50 GOUCHER, EDWARD: Caralluma lutea...... 16 A Note on Raising Succulents from Cassia roemeria ...... 148 Seed...... 20 Castanea mollissima...... 255 H aworthia reinwardtii...... 17 Castilleias, Some California...... 112 Choisya ternata ...... 27 HEATH, FANNIE MAHOOD: Chrysanthemums, CasuaL...... 22 Roosevelt Cabin...... 41 Clematis, Campanile...... 48 HINE, MRS. WALTER: Clematis versicolor ...... 148 Note on Primulas ...... 142 CORREVON, HENRI: Hoodia gordoni ...... 148 The Sempervivums, Les Joubarbes .. 33, 120 Crinum longijolium...... 284 Cypress, Southern...... 209 Idealist in the Garden ...... 29, 106, 204, 271 Indigojera leptosepala ...... 146 Iris, Charming Native ...... 133 Daffodils, The New Pink-Tone...... 133 Iris cristata ...... 152 Danae racemosa...... 282 Iris, Dwarf ...... 249 Daphniphyllum macropodum...... 25 IriS, Regelio-cyclus...... 54 DE B~v:OISE, FLORENS: Ismene Lilies ...... 196 LewlsIa...... 240 Delphinium, White...... 118 J asminum stephanense ...... 152 DORSETT, P. H.: Glimpses of White Bark Pine ...... 237 JOSEFSKI, F.: Open-Air Winter Forcing of Straw- Notes from the Berlin Botanic Garden .. 257 berries in Japan...... 191 DUFFY, SHERMAN R.: Kalanchoe dyeri...... 19 After the Drought...... 58 marmorata...... 149 In Praise of Annuals...... 126 synsepala...... 14 K~r en!J es homa palmata ...... 149 EASTWOOD, ALICE: K ~t c hmg~a sp ...... 14 True Species of Fuchsia Cultivated in California ...... 100 Lewisia...... 240 ELLIOTT, LOUIS D. AND HELEN N.: Liatris scariosa...... 43 Wintering Tender Succulents...... 270 Lilac, New Hybrid ...... 185 [ 303 1 304 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 193 I

Liliurn giglllntewln ______. _____ . _____ . __ ._. ______. ______. 286 ROUNTREE, LESTER: nepalense______._. ______. ______. ______.__ 54 Some California Castilleias.____ .. __ ._._. ____ .. 112 ochraceurn ______. ______. _____ . _____ ... __ ._._ ... __ 156 RUSSELL, PAUL: .. Lomato7Jhyilurn roseLbrn ______. __ ._ .. ______.. __ ... _. 18 P?'unus sargentn .. __ . _____ ._. ______... __ ... _.. __ . __ . 277 Pnmus serrulata: l chiyo __ .. __ .. __ .... __ .. __ .. ______....."._ 144 MACOUN, "V. T.: Kwanzan __ .. ______.__ . ___ .__ 46 New Hybrid Lilacs __ _. __ .__ . ___ . _... ___ ._ ... __ .. _. 185 Mikuruma-gaeshL ___ . ______.____ 218 McILVAINE, FRANC1S EDGE: Sidalceas ______.___ . __ .. _.. ___ .. ___ ._ .... __ ... _.. 278 Sarcococca humilis_. __ .. ______._._._. ___ . ___ .. __ 28 Atlantic City Flower Show __ _... ____ .. __ .. _____ . 298 Sasa palmata __ . _____ . ___ . ______.. ______280 Schizanthus ret'USu 8.. _____ . __ .. ______223 Narcissus, Dulcimer.. _____ . __ . ______.. ______._____ 56, 65 Sernpervivum haworthii _____ .______19 Pilgrimage ______.. ______.. __ . ______.. _. ______288 tissieri __ . ______. ______._. ______. ___ 286 Ringdove. ___ ._. _____ . ______.__ .. _. ______._. __ ._. ___ 56, 65 Sempervivums-Les Joubarbes .___ ._ . _____ 33, 120 Sonata ___ . _. __ .___ ._._. __ .______. ___ .. ____ .____ . ___ 56, 65 Senecio sp_ . ______.______._. ______. ___ . ___ . ____ .__ 18 Sidalcea, Rose Queen ______.______278 SlMPSON, CHARLES TORREY: PAXTON, LAURA J.: Epiphytes__ . ____ .. _____ .. ______._____ .. ___ .__ ... ___ . _____ . 181 Three Worthy Strangers_._._. ___ . 146 Strawberries, Open Air Winter Forcing Peony Species ______.__ . ______. ______.. ___ ._ .. __ . __ .. __ .. __ 128' in Japan ______.______191 Persimmon, OrientaL ______.__ . _____ .___ ._._. __ .. ___ 301 Stapelia, Giant Flowering ______.______.____ _ 224 Philadelphus, Argentine__ . ______._. ______150 Standarclized Plant Names ______296 Phlox amoena______. ______. ______286 Succulents: PlERCE, Roy G.: From Seed. ______.______. __ .______.___ 20 Ismene Lilies __ _._. ______. ______. ______.. ______.. __ 196 Passing Comment ______.______66 Pine, White-barked ____ .. __ __ ... ____ . ______. ______._ 237 Wintering Tender.. ______.__ .___ . __ _ 270 Pinus bungeanus. __ . ____ . __ . __ .. _.. _____ . ____ ._._. ______237 Syringa yunnanensis ______52 Plant Emigrants ______.____ .. ______.___ 10 Primulas. ______. ___ . ______. __ .___ .______.7, 89, 142 THOMAS, C. C.: Primulas from Seed __ .. __ . _____ ._. ____ . ____ .______.. _._. 217 Oriental Persimmons_. __ . ___ .______. __ _. ___ 301 Propagation, Amateur Garden ______.___ .. ____ 134 Trachymeme cOe?·ulea ______. ___ 223 Prunus sargenti ____ . __ ._. ______._._ ... ____ . ______277 TRUAX, ALLAN: . serrulata: Some Unusual Wild Flowers from the Ichiyo __ .______._._. ____ . __ .______. ______144 Northern High Plains. __ _._ .______.. ______.. __ 104 Kwanzan ____ .______._._._. ____ .___ .__ .____ .__ 46 Tulipa greigii______._. ______.. ___ . ______. __ .. __ .__ __ 7 1 Mikuruma-gaeshi __ .___ .___ .. __ . ______218 praestans, Van Tubergen's ______220 PURDY, CARL: Tulips Again ______.______.______288 Erythroniums_... _.. ___ .___ .___ .. _____ .___ ._... 173 Influence of Fire on \Vestern American V Ai'! MELLE, P. J. : Flora ______.__ .____ .___ . ______.______130 Kirengeshoma palmata... __ ... _... _____ .. ______. ___ 152 Standardized Plant Names___ .. ____ .____ .______296

Regelio-cyclus Iris__ ._. ______.. ___ . __ .. ____ .... ______54 'vVARNER, MARJOR1E F.: Rock Garden, An Amateur Makes a ______. 199 Plant Emigrants ______... __ .______10 Rock Garden, Berlin ___ ._._. ______.______. ___ ._ .. 258 WHlTE, EARL B.: Roosevelt Cabin ______. ______. __ .. ___ ._ .. __ .. ___ ._ ._ 41 A Note on Peony Species ___ ... __ __ .. __ . ______128 Rosa pomifeTa ____ _.. ____ . ___ ._ .. __ .. ___ .. ___ . __ .. ____ . __ .. 52 Wild Flowers ______. ______.______. __ . ______104 Ocr., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORT ICULTUR AL MAGAZINE 305

THE W. B. SHAW Stumpp & Walter Co. AQUATIC GARDENS High Quality KENILWORTH Seeds- Bulbs-Plants WASHINGTON, D. C. Insecticides- Fertilizers Garden Sundries Waterlilies Catalog Issues for Your Garden ~ January 1st G A RD EN A NNUA L -add a new note of interest­ M ay lst A D VANCE B U LB and are easy t o grow. 'July 1st MIDSUMMER

75 Varieties September 1st FALL B U L B Hardy lilies may be planted from early Spring thru August-tender lilies If you are a garden enthusiast and are not in May and June. on our mailing li st, write for a copy. FLOWERS the first summer Other AQUATICS Also

STUMPP 8, WALTER CO. 30-32 Barclay St. NEW YORK CITY

The Best Native Varieties of Chinese Rhododendrons (dwarf) Chinese Gentians and rare LILIES We catalog a wide list or lilies. including both eastern and Chinese Primulas, my specialty western varieties. Particula rly popular are our Lili ums speciosum. tenuifolium a nd cernuum . We also have Ask fo r new Fall catalogue of fin est types of rare native A Splendid List of a nd imported alpines ROCKERY PLANTS ROCKMARGE ALPINE GARDENS including Semperv ivums, Veronicas. Thy mes, a nd a long list of na tive pla nt materia l Mrs. Edith H . Ba n gh a rt, F .R. .H.S. Send 1LOW fo r new Catalog M EDINA WASHING TON GARDENS IDE NUR.SERIES, INC. SHELBURNE, VT.

Label Your Plants With JAPANESE FLOWERING CHERRIES FLOWERING APPLE AND PERM-O-FIX CHINESE M AGNOLIA

The Complete Plant Labeling Outfit Amer ica's Finest Collect ion in a ll variet ies and sizes. Outfit consists of 70 zinc labels in t wo si'lcs, 6" ,x :Ji.l" and 2!4" x 3}4", special wri ting fluid a nd glass pen . The ink etches into the zin c forming jet bl ac k letters that will s till Send for Book be iegibl t! after years o f ex posure. Price of complet e outfit, with di rection s, $2.50 Wohlert of JI'riu for qu.antity priuj oj labds mOlllljactltrtd by Narberth, Pa. LADD LABEL COMPANY Ladd, Illinois 939 Montgom ery Ave. 306 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 1931 * STAR ROSES .. are .. Quality Plants foI' Quality Gardens

Larger than a Wedding Ring Grown by Rose Specialists with 34 years' ex­ perience in growing Roses that are nationally S ELECTED and bred for known as the best that money can buy. Star large, delicious, crispy, Roses are" the cream of the crop" and have fUade good in many of America's most notable smooth berries, and vigorous, -Rose Gardens. For example: . productive, beautiful bushes. From a Leading Member and Former Officer of Strong, healthy plants. the Garden Club of America: I have been getting a good many Roses for Aristocrats for your garden. a Rose-garden which J a m building, and J have bought Roses from four growers. Your plantJ art larger I have b~ t ur Toot JYJUm. and much Jturdier JUmJ than any of the otAui. (Signed) Louise Crowninshield, WHITESBOG Boston, Mass. Send for" Star Guide to Good Roses" Blueberry Nurseries IT IS FR.EE Headquarters for Purebred Blueberry Plants JOSEPH J . W HITE, I NC. THE CONARD-PYLE CO. ROBERT PYLE, Pres. WHITESBOG, NEW JERSEY STAR ROSE GROWERS WEST GROVE, PA.

BEST ALPINES, FERNS AND SHRUB LETS Nat ive and Imported, Nursery Grown IRISES- and on Sturdy Roots ESPECIALLY A FEW SAMPLES: Campanula piperi, $1; Ceanothus prostratus, .50 ; American Introductions Jun iperus horizontalis, SI ; Phlox adsurgens, .50; P eJl aea bridgesi, .75; Asplenium trichomanes, .35; CytiSllS a rdoini, .75; Globularia nana, .35, Vaccinium MAY BE FOUND vitis-idea ..5 0; Aquilegia jucunda, .35; Campanula excisa .. 35; Campanula macrorrhiza. 40; Campanula raineri •. 75; Myosotis Tupicola, .35; Gentiana sino­ ornata, .50; Primula nivalis, .75; Soldanella a lpina, ~~ Oyer-the-fjarden-Wall " .35 i Saxifraga in variety. Plant. List on Request Mrs. L. W. Kellogg, Owner JULIUS ANTHON 60 N. Main St. W. Hartford, Conn. 2215 East 46th Street Seattle, Wash. P AEONIA ARBOREA (Tree Peony) BANKSI Large, double fl esh-pink flo wers; strong shrubs on their own roots, each $5.00; doz., $50.00. Very large specimen plants, 8 years old, bloomed profusely during 1931, at $15.00 each. Herbaceous catalog on request P. O. Box 11 OBERLIN PEONY GARDENS Sinking Spring, Pa. The Glen Road Iris Gardens IF you are wan ting Seeds of Issue a catalogue each year containing Alpine and Herbaceous NEW INTRODUCTIONS Plants, write for 1931 list to And a critical selection of STANDARD VARIETIES Manager, Lissadell GRACE STURTEVANT WELLESLEY FARMS, MASS. Sligo Irish Free State Oct., 193 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 307 VERONICAS We specialize in Veronicas, believing them to be the most satisfying plants for the rockery. We offer the following, prices being per dozen. Plant now for full effect next year. V. a!lionL ...... S3.50 V. rep ens (true)...... S2.50 V . armena 7.50 V . pectinata rosea.. 3.00 combined V. bellidoides...... 3.50 V. rupestris...... 2.50 V. chamaedrys...... 2.50 V. rup~stri s al ba.... 3.00 V. corym bosa...... 2.50 V. rupestri s rosea.. 3.00 V. cormbosa V. rupestris nana.. 3.50 Fertilizer stricta. ... __ ... . 3.00 V. rupestris V. erica...... 2.50 flexuosa...... 3.50 V. filiform is ...... 2.50 V. saxatilis...... 5.00 V. fruticulosa... _.... . 4.00 V. t.r~hani. _...... 3.00 and Humus V. gentianoides...... 3.00 V. teucriulTI ...... 2.50 V. incana. ______. 2.50 V. True Blue.. 3.00 Heretofore it has been necessary to V. incana nana ...... 3.00 secure these two important garden V. multifida ...... 4.00 also, for the border V. peduncularis ...... 5.00 elements as separate products-en· V. orchidea...... 3.00 V. longifolia. 2 . .50 tailing double cost and trouble in V. orien talis...... 5.00 V. longifoli a a lba.... 3.00 appli cation. In Driconure you se­ V. prost rata rosea.. 3.00 V . longifolia rosea.. 3.00 cure both-a wonderfully effective SPECIAL: Collection of 25 plants in 5 natural organic fertilizer-and-humus. varieties our selection, to produce a long This one product does the work here­ blooming season, prepaid, $5.00. tofore done by both humus and the finest fertilizer. Yet you can now May we have your name for our new spring secure both services in Driconure catalog? (Present edition exhausted.) for the price of one. Let us tell you why Driconure wi ll produce better James H. Bissland & Son results next Spring if applied now . CHICOPEE, MASS. • Winter Mulch GARDEN RECORD The winter mulch of GPM Peat Moss is now a standard winter pro· Indexed and with Water- Proof Cover tection for gardens. It saves many Price, $1.00 times its cost in plants protected from winter kill. It builds up soil JEAN HOYT SMITH quality. It improves growing condi· Sales Representative tions. We will gladly write you 16 South Street, Utica, N. Y. further particulars. Please send post paid ...... Garden Record. ATKINS & DURBROW I enclose $ ...... INC. Name ...... 165-W John Street Address...... A KERK·GUILD PRODUCT New York, N. Y.

On both sides of the Bay COWGILL & ROGERS UPTON GARDENS Belvoir Manor Flower Farm, Waterbury, Md. MR.S. G. R.. MAR.R.IAGE Landscape Designers and Nurserymen Colorado Springs, Colorado (Difficult or shady situations a specialty) New. Rare and Standard Varieties and kinds of Alpines. ALPINES from Pike's Peak. Perennials. Shrubs and Evergreen~ Brilliant Novelties: Heucheras, Mertensias, Primulas, Androsace, Erigerons, etc. . Spanish and Dutch Iris Beautiful shades, blue, lavender, white, Specially selected strain Colorado Columbine yell ow and bronze. Tall flowers of good Seed, SOc. per pkt; $5.00 per oz. substance, yet so delicate in form that Plants, 10 for $3.00. they resemble an orchid. Keep well . IRISES Blue Velvet, William Mohr, Choicest flowering size bulbs, 50 for $2.25. Allure, Candlelight, etc. Postpaid. Catalog. Colorado-grown roots a r e h ardy beyond question Gordon Ainsley Campbell, Calif. 308 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 193 1 (( In and About the Rock The Cronamere Alpine Garden" Nurseries Send 24c. in postage for our well-illustrated and descriptive book of SHORE ROAD Choice and Unusual Rock Plants A valuable reference book GREENS FARMS, CONN. with Price List inserted

Poughkeepsie Nursery Co., Inc. Plant a collection of Lewisias, Saxi­ Box 278 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. frages and Gentians in your rock garden this fall which will produce a glorious effect next spring. Our list contains all the rare and WANTED beautiful varieties of alpines which Members who do not keep permanent have proven hardy in the climate of files of the magazine and who will re­ turn in good condition copies for 1930 New England. and January, 1931, will be credited fifty cents a copy. Mail to Secretary, Full cultural directions are given C. C. THOMAS, 211 Spruce Street, with all plants Takoma Park, D. C. CAT ALOG ON REQUEST

I I LEWISIAS I YOUR PATRONAGE OF There are no more beautiful Rock Plants j OUR ADVERTISERS than Lewisias but they do not necessarily have to be grown in a rock garden, as in any li ght MEANS PROSPERITY i shade a nd with perfect drainage they may be j TO THE MAGAZINE grown well. i Lewisia rediviva and Lewisia oppositifolia do best in full sun while the Evergreen i Lewisias like a li ght changin g shade. I The advertisers herein are A plant in full bloom is a joy, while when I dealers with a high reputa­ simply in leaf they have much of the charm j tion/or quality material and of Sempervivums. My catalogs figure two species and I offer square dealing. Give them many more. your orders and do not fail These catalogs on application to to mention the Magazine. CARL PURDY I Box 124 Ukiah, Calif.

Seeds of Beautiful South African Bulbs, Plants and Succulents Watsonias of gorgeous hue in great variety, iris-like moroeas, brilliant arctotis, are only a few of the seeds we offer, at 65 cents a packet post free Write for our selection of eight varieties. stating your preference, inclosin g 5 dollars. or apply for catalogue DE MOLE & KISCH PIUVATE BAG, MAR.ITZBUR.G, NATAL. S. AFR.ICA The American Horticultural Society Deooted to the popularizing oj all phases oj Horticulture: Ornamental Gardening, including Landscape Gardening and Amateur Flower Gardening; Projessional Flower Gardening and Floriculture; Vegetable Gardening; Fruit Growing and all activities allied with Horticulture.

The Society publishes The National Horticultural Magazine, a quarterly journal issued in January, April, July and October to all its members. It publishes special bulletins from time to time as material warrants special issues. Former bulletins of the Society may be secured from the secretary as long as copies are available. Back numbers of the magazine are also available in limited quantities.

BULLETINS: No.1. The Effect of Aluminum Sulphate on Rhododendron Seedlings, by Frederick V. Coville ...... $2.00 No.2. Roses for America, by F. L. Mulford ...... 1.00 No.3. Insect Pests of Our Gardens and Their Control, by C. A. Weigel 1.00 No.4. Soil Reaction in Relation to Horticulture, by Edgar T. Wherry . 1.00

CLASSES OF MEMBERSHIP; Annual Members.-Persons who are interested in any branch of horticulture who shall pay annual dues of three dollars. Sustaining Members .-Persons who are interested in any branch of horticul­ ture who shall pay annual dues of ten dollars. Affiliated Members.-Horticultural societies, garden clubs, societies devoted to special interests, or other local or district organizations interested in horti­ culture may become affiliated members. Any organization eligible for affiliation shall make application to the Board of Directors, who shall act upon it. An affiliated member shall pay annual dues of $3.00 and shall be entitled to the same benefits and privileges as an annual member, including one copy of all publica­ tions. Additional copies of publications will be furnished at the rate of $2.00 per year. Life Members.-Persons interested in the purposes of the Society, who shall pay one hundred dollars. Patrol1s.-Persons interested in the objects and aims of the Society who contribute two hundred dollars or more towards its support. Checks should be made payable to The American Horticultural Society, and sent to C. C. Thomas, SeL-retary, 211 Spruce A ve., Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. PRESS OF , H. L. & J. B. MCQUEEN, INC. W"SBINGTON, D. C,'