MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS Results analysis
2003 Edition: Eustat Euskal Estatistika Erakundea Basque Statistics Institute Date: XI-2005 Publication: Eustat Euskal Estatistika Erakundea Basque Statistics Institute Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz Internet: www.eustat.es
© Administration of the Basque Country
EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
INDEX
GROSS GEOGRAPHIC MOBILITY
INTER-REGIONAL MOBILITY
NET MIGRATION RATE
MOVEMENT AND MIGRATORY BALANCES
GROSS EMIGRATION RATE
IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS
ORIGIN & DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS BY PROVINCE
ORIGIN & DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS BY DISRICT & MUNICIPALITY
ORIGIN & DESTINATION OF EXTRA-COMMUNITY MIGRATION
RETURN MIGRATION
FOREIGNER MIGRATION
SIZE OF MUNICIPALITY OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION
INTRA-MUNICIPAL MIGRATION
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
STATISTICS ON MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS 2003
Statistics on Migratory Movements make it possible to know the year to year movements that involve a change in habitual residence and take place within the territory of the A.C. of the Basque Country. Eustat has produced these statistics annually since 1988, thus enabling the analysis of recent trends in the migratory phenomenon in our Community.
GROSS GEORGAPHIC MOBILITY
During 2003 there were 173,734 changes in habitual residence in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country:
Almost half the migratory movements, 84,117 to be precise, correspond to intra-municipal migration within the same municipal area.
Internal or intra-community movement consists of residential variations whose origin and destination are in different municipalities in the A.C. of the Basque Country, and amounted to 38,934 moves.
In addition, 28,437 external or extra-community immigrants are those whose municipality of origin is outside the Community and whose destination is the A.C. of the Basque Country.
Finally, there were 22,216 external or extra-community emigrants, i.e. residential variations whose origin was in a municipality within the Community and whose destination was outside.
In short, 8.2% of the population of the A.C. of the Basque Country changed their residence during 2003; 71% involved an intra-community movement compared with 29% that represented an extra- community movement.
INTER-REGIONAL MOBILITY
In 2003 there were 50,883 changes of habitual residence that took place in municipalities within the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and the rest involved Communities in the State, in addition to foreign countries.
External geographic mobility affected 24 out of every thousand inhabitants in the A.C. of the Basque Country during 2003. The population affected varies in each of the three provinces, Álava being the one that, despite registering the lowest number of external movements, has the highest incidence on its population, 30‰; followed by Bizkaia with 26‰ and Gipuzkoa where 18‰ of the population were affected by extra-community migration.
With regards to trends over recent years, Álava is traditionally the province in which more population has been affected by external mobility.
This external or extra-community mobility that takes place in the A.C. of the Basque Country is quite small when compared with the average for the autonomous communities in the Spanish state (where 35 out of every thousand inhabitants moved), or with the figures registered in the different regions in central and north European countries.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
Only in three of the countries in the European Union whose inter-regional migration data is available, Portugal, Italy and Finland to be precise, the average mobility between regions is lower than 21‰ inhabitants, as registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country. By contrast, there is a high incidence in migration between the regions in countries like: Netherlands (41‰), UK (36‰), Sweden (33‰), Germany (31‰), Belgium (31‰) or France (23‰).
1. Effect of interregional migration on European countries. Averages by countries (per 1,000 inhabitants)
Portugal Italy Finland A.C. of the Basque Country France Spain Belgium Germany Sweden United Kingdom Netherlands
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ‰
Source: EUROSTAT. Regions, annual statistics 1999. INE. Migrations 2001.
NET MIGRATION RATE
The net migration rate, i.e., the difference between immigration and emigration rates –calculated for a year and referring to the average population for that year – changed in our Community at the start of the decade of the eighties. We can see in detail in table 1 how the A.C. of the Basque Country has undergone a sharp decrease in the net migration rate over the last thirty years, since the 60s, changing from a Community that received immigrants to one that sent out emigrants. However, in the year 2000 the trend was reversed.
The use of this rate is focused on the comparison of data relating to the different spatial units under study, regardless of their population size. In this way, despite the ups and downs observed in the migratory growth rate, the decrease is sharper in Álava and Bizkaia. However, figures for Álava are still positive, this being the province that has maintained a favourable migratory balance without interruption.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
TABLE 1: EVOLUTION OF THE NET MIGRACIÓN RATE (‰)
A.C. of the Year Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa Basque Country 1988 -4.7 0.3 -5.5 -5.4
1989 -3.5 3.5 -4.9 -4.1
1990 -2.3 2.5 -3.4 -2.3
1991 -1.2 2.7 -2.3 -1.0
1992 -2.2 1.8 -3.3 -2.0
1993 -2.1 2.6 -2.9 -2.8
1994 -2.5 1.6 -3.6 -2.5
1995 -2.3 2.4 -3.4 -2.2
1996 -1.5 6.4 -2.7 -2.6
1997 -0.8 3.3 -2.0 -0.5
1998 -1.1 1.1 -2.0 -0.4
1999 -0.6 1.5 -1.5 0.1
2000 1.2 5.1 0.7 0.4
2001 3.4 8.1 2.9 2.2
2002 3.0 6.6 2.7 1.8
2003 3.0 5.2 3.3 1.4
Sources: INE. Migration (1965-1985). Eustat. Statistics on Migratory Movements (from 1988).
The net migration rate of the A.C. of the Basque Country, which was 3‰ in 2003, stands five points below the average for all the autonomous communities together. Below average are the Communities of Navarre, Galicia, Castile–León and Extremadura (the latter with rates which are not above 2‰) in addition to the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla with negative rates.
The autonomous communities that registered the highest rates are the Community of Valencia, Murcia and La Rioja, with over 18‰ in all cases.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
2. Net migration rate by Autonomous Community. 2003 (per 1,000 inhabitants)
Ceuta and Melilla Extremadura Castilla-León Galicia Nafarroa / Navarra A.C. of the Basque Country Asturias Aragón Cantabria Catalonia Andalusia Balearic Islands Canary Islands Castilla-La Mancha Madrid Murcia La Rioja Community of Valencia
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 ‰
Data relating to other Communities does not include emigration abroad. Source: INE. Migration 2003.
3. Effect of the migratory balance by Autonomous Community. 2003.
Asturias Cantabria A.C. of the Basque Country Galicia Nafarroa / Navarra La Rioja
Castilla-León Catalonia Aragón
Madrid
Castilla-La Mancha C. of Valencia Extremadura Balearic Islands
Murcia Andalusia
Canary Islands >=1 ,01 Ceuta and Melilla 0,51/1,00 0/0,50 <=-0,01
Data relating to other Communities does not include emigration abroad. Source: INE. Migration 2003.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
MOVEMENTS AND MIGRATORY BALANCES
The total migratory balance expresses the difference between arrivals and departures by change of residence occurring in our Community.
In the year 2003 the A.C. of the Basque Country had a total migratory balance of 6,251 persons, i.e., 6,251 persons more came to the A.C. of the Basque Country than left. After 1988 the balance was always negative: between this year and 1991 there was a gradual reduction, almost 75%, however, this decrease slowed down over the following years and in 2000 it reversed in the A.C. of the Basque Country.
TABLE 2: EVOLUTION OF MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND BALANCES
Emigration Immigration Migratory balance Year Variation index Variation index Total Total Total (1988=100) (1988=100)
1988 18,103 100 8,014 100 -10,089 1989 17,633 97 10,120 126 -7,513 1990 15,771 87 10,930 136 -4,841 1991 14,751 81 12,140 151 -2,611 1992 13,668 76 9,006 112 -4,662 1993 14,096 78 9,554 119 -4,542 1994 16,179 89 10,809 135 -5,370 1995 16,130 89 11,316 141 -4,814 1996 14,356 79 11,299 141 -3,057 1997 14,234 79 12,496 156 -1,738 1998 16,585 92 14,372 179 -2,213 1999 17,291 96 16,103 201 -1,188 2000 17,462 96 20,022 250 2,560 2001 18,696 103 25,775 322 7,079 2002 19,730 109 25,967 324 6,237 2003 22,216 123 28,467 355 6,251
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
Until 1991 the gradual reduction in balances was due both to the positive trends in immigration and emigration, as while emigration continued to decrease, immigration was on the increase. On the other hand, the number of arrivals to and departures from our Community continued to rise from 1992 until 1996, when the trend for both movements to converge reappeared. Over the sixteen years we have analysed, the volume of immigration increased by 255%, while emigration increased by 23% over the whole period.
4. Evolution of the migratory balance by Province.
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000
-12000 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
A.C. of the Basque Country Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa
By provinces, Bizkaia gained 4,020 people and presented the highest migratory balance, increasing by 17.4% on the year before. Álava, although gaining 2,240 people through migration, decreased its positive balance by 17.3% with regard to the year before. In addition, Guipúzkoa is the only Province that presented a negative balance, losing 9 people, and thus changing the trend that started in 1999.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
5. Migratory movement by Province according to type. 2003.
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
-1000
-2000 A.C of the Basque Country Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa
In ternal External To ta l
If we look at the district level, fifteen of the twenty districts that make up the A.C. of the Basque Country had positive migratory balances. Bearing in mind the weight the balances represent with regard to their population, figures stand out for Valles Alaveses (4.3%), Estribaciones del Gorbea (2.9%), Rioja Alavesa (2.4%) and Plentzia-Mungia (2.3%). It is certainly internal flows that most affect the migratory balance, except in the case of Rioja Alavesa where there is a greater effect by the extra- community component. In addition, in six other districts (Llanada Alavesa, Montaña Alavesa, Gran Bilbao, Duranguesado, Ondarroa and Urola-Costa) the migratory balance is determined by the weight of external migration
The districts with negative migratory balances are: Donostia-San Sebastián, Bajo Deba, and Alto Deba, with a migratory balance that varies between (-0.25%) and (-0.38%) of the total of their population. Also Goierri (-0.04%) and Tolosa (-0.09%) present negative balances although with very low figures.
Of the 250 municipalities that compose the A.C. of the Basque Country, 82 had negative migratory balances during 2002, 164 had positive balances and the remaining 4 were neutral.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
6. Effect of the total migratory balance by municipality. 2003.
≥ 2,51
0/ 2,50
-2,50/-0,01
- 2,51
Until 1997 the three capitals stood out as a result of their trends in migratory balances; on the one hand were Vitoria-Gasteiz and Donostia-San Sebastián with a positive evolution, while on the other Bilbao had a negative figure. With the onset of the new century the three capitals presented positive migratory balances, a situation that Vitoria-Gasteiz and Bilbao maintained in 2003 (which experienced a 26% notable increase with regard to the year before), but with losses in Donosita-San Sebastián which, from 2001 presented population losses due to migration.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
7. Evolution of the migratory balance in municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants.
2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0 -500 -1.000 -1.500 -2.000 -2.500 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Bilbao Vitoria-Gasteiz Donostia-San Sebastián
In absolute values, the municipality of Bilbao registered the highest positive migratory balance and gained 1,609 inhabitants, followed by Irún with a balance of 986 inhabitants, Vitoria-Gasteiz whose balance is 883 inhabitants, Arrigorriaga with a balance of 373 personas, Barakaldo whose balance is 357 persons, and Sopelana whose balance is 306 inhabitants.
By contrast, Sestao had the highest negative migratory balance in the Community and lost 511 inhabitants, Portugalete (-447 inhabitants), Basauri (-376 inhabitants), Errenteria (-263 inhabitants) and Pasaia (-244 inhabitants).
GROSS EMIGRATION RATE
The number of emigrations to other autonomous communities or abroad from the A.C. of the Basque Country in 2003 came to 22,216, i.e. 2,486 more than in 2002, which represents a 12.6% increase with regard to the year before.
The emigration rate, i.e. the number of emigrations per thousand inhabitants in the A.C. of the Basque Country, which in 2003 was 10,5‰, increased by 1.1‰ with regard to the year before and if we exclude the data for emigration abroad it comes to 9.7‰, slightly less than four percent below the average for all the autonomous communities together. Ranking above the average are Castile-León, Madrid, La Rioja, Baleares and Ceuta-Melilla, with higher figures than the A.C. of the Basque Country and rates that varied between 16‰ and el 38‰.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
8. Gross emigration rate by Autonomous Community. 2003.
Andalusia Catalonia Galicia Community of Valencia Asturias A.C of the Basque Country Aragón Cantabria Extremadura Canary Islands Castilla-La Mancha Murcia Nafarroa / Navarra Castilla-León Madrid La Rioja Balearic Islands Ceuta and Melilla 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Data referring to other Aut. Communities do not include emigration abroad. Source: INE. Migration 2003.
Guipuzkoa is the province in our Community with the lowest emigration figure per thousand inhabitants, (8.6), in Bizkaia it is 11 and in Álava the number of emigrations per thousand inhabitants stands at 12.
IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION
The number of persons from other autonomous communities or abroad who settle in the A.C. of the Basque Country reached a figure of 28,467 in 2003, exactly 2500 more than the year before, giving an increase of 9.62% with regard to 2002.
The immigration rate in the A.C. of the Basque Country was 13.5 per thousand inhabitants in 2003, which was 8 percent below the average for all the autonomous communities together. Ranking above the average, Canarias, Ceuta-Melilla, C. Valenciana, Castile-La Mancha, Murcia, Madrid, La Rioja and Baleares were higher than the A.C. of the Basque Country with figures that vary between 26‰ and 36‰.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
9. Impact of immigration by Autonomous Community. 2003 (per thousand inhabitants)
A.C. of the Basque Country Galicia Asturias Extremadura Castilla-León Andalusia Catalonia Nafarroa / Navarra Aragón Cantabria Canary Islands Ceuta and Melilla Community of Valencia Castilla-La Mancha Murcia Madrid Balearic Islands La Rioja
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Source: INE. Migration 2003
Álava is the province in our Community with the highest number of immigrations per thousand inhabitants, 18.3, followed by Bizkaia with 14.4 immigrations per thousand inhabitants and Gipuzkoa with 9.8 immigrations per thousand inhabitants.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS
Looking at the distribution of migration by age, both inter-community and extra-comunity migrants, we can see great similarity between the distribution for each of the migration types, except for older age groups. The most numerous group corresponds to young people aged between 20 and 34, especially in the case of migration occurred within the Community itself, with a percentage of 47%, which is one percent higher than immigration and 3,4 percent more than extra-community migration. The following group in importance is the 35 to 49 year olds, which include 24% of internal migration and 23% of emigrants and 21% of immigrants. The average age of emigrants, 39.1 years, is 4 years older than that of immigrants, 35.1 years.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
10. Migration by type and age group
%
50
40
30
20
10
0 Inmigration Emigration Internal Migration
0-19 yea rs 20-34 years 35-49 years 50-64 years >=65 years
All three provinces present similar trends in migratory balances for all ages. The highest positive balance corresponds to the adult-youth population (from 20 to 35 years), while the negative balances are concentrated in higher age groups, around the retirement age, this balance being less significant in Álava as in this case there is a positive migration balance for over 65 year-olds.
With regard to qualifications, the lowest qualification levels represent 50% of immigration and 49.7% of emigration, while higher levels represent 17.2% in emigration and 19% in immigration.
Another important element in the analysis of migration is the place of birth, which does not have to coincide with the place of origin. 51% of immigrants were born in a foreign country, thus outnumbering those born in the A.C. of the Basque Country, which in 2003 came to 21%; natives from neighbouring Communities accounted for slightly more than 13% (8% were born in Castile and León, 2% in Cantabria, 2% in Navarre and 1% in La Rioja).
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
11. Migration by type and Autonomous Community of birth. 2003.
Andalusia // Extremadura
Cantabria
Castilla-León Catalonia // Community of Valencia Galicia
Madrid
Nafarroa/Navarra A.C. of the Basque Country
La Rioja
Other A.C
Overseas
0 102030405060%
Inmigration Emigration
With regard to emigrants, one in two was born in the A.C. of the Basque Country and 11% in a province in Castile and León.
ORIGIN & DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS BY PROVINCE
Bizkaia received 58% of immigration registered in the Community, and at the same time was the origin of 58% of emigration. Gipuzkoa, which in 2003 attracted almost one in four immigrants to the A.C. of the Basque Country, also registered one in four emigrants. Álava, in turn, received 19% of immigration and 16% of emigration.
The most common destination of internal migration is usually the same Province: thus in Bizkaia 84% of moves were to the same Province; in Gipuzkoa this occurred in 72% of cases, while in Álava this only occurred in 55% of all cases.
ORIGIN & DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS BY DISTRICT & MUNICIPALITY
The three districts that registered the highest figures for immigration, emigration and internal migration are, logically, those in which the provincial capital is located. Three quarters of external flows (immigration/emigration) and 64% of internal flows were concentrated between the Llanada Alavesa, Donostia-San Sebastián and Gran Bilbao. In addition, the three municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants absorbed 45% of immigration, 41% of emigration and almost one in four internal emigrations.
If we analyse the impact of each type of migration on the population of each of the districts, we can observe that, with regard to emigration, Rioja Alavesa and Valles Alaveses registered the highest rate of immigration in relation to their population, being the only two districts whose entries were above 3% (4.07% and 3.43% respectively).
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
The municipalities located in the southern zone of the districts in Alava which border with Burgos and La Rioja stand out with entries totalling over 4% of their population, such as Yécora (10.42%), Oyón (6.99%), Zambrana (6.75%), Ribera Baja (6.54%) and Navaridas (4.24%). There were also significant increases in population in the following municipalities in Bizkaia: Loiu (4.89%) and Artea (4.88%).
At the same time, the highest emigration rate in relation to population affected the districts of Valles Alaveses and Rioja Alavesa, which in both cases were over 2%.
12. Impact of immigration on destination municipalities. 2003.
≥ 1,75
0, 75/ 1,74
0, 50/ 0,74 ≤0,49
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
13. Impact of emigration on municipalities of origin. 2003 (percentage in relation to the municipal population).
≥ 1,00
0, 50/ 0,99
0, 25/ 0,49 ≤ 0,24
14. Impact of internal migration on municipalities of origin. 2003 (percentage in relation to the municipal population)
≥ 3,00
2, 00/ 2,99
1, 25/ 1,99
≤ 1,24
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
15. Impact of internal migration on destination municipalities. 2003.
≥ 5,00
2, 50/ 4,9 9
1, 25/ 2,4 9
≤ 1,24
Districts with a strong attraction for intra-community emigrations included Valles Alaveses, Montaña Alavesa, and Plentzia-Mungia, with an impact of over 5% on the population. In Álava the municipality of Alegría-Dulantzi; in Bizkaia, Murueta; and in Gipuzkoa, Altzaga; all of which attracted over 10% of their population.
From an origin point of view, internal migration exits amounted to over 3% of the population for the districts of Valles Alaveses, Montaña Alavesa, Estribaciones del Gorbea, Plentzia-Mungia and Tolosa. A higher than 5% incidence affected the municipalities of El Burgo and Peñacerrada in Álava, Itsasondo, and Leintz-Gatzaga in Gipuzkoa and, Barrika, Forua, Lanestosa, Loiu, and Maruri-Jatabe in Bizkaia; most of these municipalities had fewer than 1,000 inhabitants.
ORIGIN & DESTINATION OF EXTRA-COMMUNITY MIGRATION
Autonomous communities that contribute more population to the A.C. of the Basque Country than they receive from the same community are Asturias, Canarias, Castile-La Mancha and Murcia, in addition to the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, with which there is a balance of 37 persons. In relation to foreign countries there was a positive balance of 9,700 persons in 2003.
The autonomous communities that represent a pole of attraction for emigrants from the A.C. of the Basque Country are, in order of importance: Cantabria, Castile and León, Madrid and Navarre. Between these four they receive one in two of all the people who leave our Community.
The number of foreign nationality immigrants amounted to 13,735 in 2003, 12.7% more than the year before and represents almost half the entries in our Community.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
16. Migration by type and Autonomous Community of origin or destination. 2003.
Andalusia // Extremadura
Cantabria
Castilla-León
Catalonia // Community of Valencia
Galicia
Madrid
Nafarroa/Navarra La Rioja
Other A.C
Overseas
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 %
Inmigration Emigration
Bearing in mind the relation immigration-emigration with a foreign country as origin or destination, we can see that emigration to a foreign country is practically inexistent (7.3%), while immigration affects 39.8 % of the total volume.
On a provincial level, Madrid together with neighbouring provinces, Burgos, Cantabria, Navarre and La Rioja, register a greater number of movements than the rest, reaching 26,7% of immigration and affecting 45.8% of emigration, which has been a constant feature of recent years.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
17. Immigration by province of origin. 2003 (percentages)
≥ 4,01 2, 01/ 4,00 1, 02/ 2,00 ≤ 1,00
18. Emigration by destination province. 2003 (percentages)
23,4 a 31 15,6 a 23,4 7, 8 a 15,6 0 a 7,8
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
RETURN MIGRATION
One in five persons who leave our Community head for the province where they were born; these constitute return migrations. Álava is the province with a higher incidence in this type of emigration, 21.3% compared with 18.8% in Bizkaia.
Castile and León is the Community which concentrates a quarter of the emigrants who return to their place of birth. Together with Galicia and Cantabria they account for five in ten return emigrations that originate in the A.C. of the Basque Country.
19. Type of migration. 2003.
% 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Inmigration Emigration Internal Migration
Return Other category
10% of external immigration registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country are return, i.e. their destinations the same municipality as that of birth. Without break since 1988 Gipuzkoa was the province with the highest percentage of return immigration, which in 2003 was 14.4%, followed by Bizkaia with 9.6% and Álava with 7.2%.
Among the municipalities with over 10,000 inhabitants, Donostia-San Sebastián, Barakaldo, and Elgoibar stand out as municipalities in which over one in five immigrants are return.
FOREIGNER MIGRATION
Immigration involving foreigners affected 13,738 persons in 2003, 12.7% more than the year before, and represents 48% of entries into our Community. Since 1996 there has been a considerable increase in the volume of immigration by foreigners registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country. In
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absolute values, it has risen from 800 entries to nearly 14,000 in 2003, i.e. foreign immigration multiplied by 17 in only seven years. We must bear in mind that some of the foreign immigrants come from other autonomous communities. In particular, in 2003 this occurred in 4,098 of all cases.
20. Evolution of foreign migration by type of migration.
16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1996 1.997 1.998 1.999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Inmigration Emigration
The nationality of almost half the immigrants is South America, fundamentally Colombia and Ecuador. Slightly over 20% corresponds to Africans, especially Moroccans; the same proportion as corresponds to European nationals (mostly Portuguese), and the remaining 5.3% are Asians, mostly Chinese.
21. Foreign immigration by nationality. 2003. 22. Foreign emigration by nationality. 2003.
Eur ope Amer ica As ia Af ric a Oceania Eur ope Amer ica As ia Af ric a Oceania
With regard to emigration, 2,529 foreigners have left, who represent 11.38% of total emigration. Five out of ten are American (mostly from Central and South America). Two in ten are European, just under two are African and almost one in ten is Asian.
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23. Evolution of foreign immigration by nationality.
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
Oceania Asia Africa Europe America Considering the nationality of immigrants, and within a general growing trend, there seems to be a slowdown in the number of immigrants from countries in the American continent. The highest increases with regard to last year correspond to Asians (36%), followed by European immigrants (25%) and others from Africa (20%).
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
24. Evolution of foreign emigration by nationality.
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
Oceania Asia Africa Europe America
With regard to the evolution of emigration, the group that increased most in volume in relation to the year before was that of emigrants from African countries, the number of which doubled in a year.
SIZE OF MUNICIPALITY OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION
As in previous years, 44.7% of immigration was absorbed by municipalities of over 100,000 inhabitants, 38.9% of which have between 10,001 and 100.000 inhabitants and the remaining 16.3% have less than 10,000 inhabitants.
With regard to the preference by size of the destination municipality, we can see that immigrants from La Rioja and Navarre, more than those from other Communities, settle in municipalities of under 10,000 inhabitants. The opposite corresponds to immigrants to Murcia, Aragón, C. Valenciana, Andalusia and Madrid, where they mostly settle in municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants. Immigrants from Extremadura, Cantabria and Galicia, Castile-La Mancha move to municipalities with between 10,001 and 100,000 inhabitants.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
25. Immigration by Autonomous Community of origin and size of the destination municipality. 2003.
Andalusia // Extremadura
Cantabria
Castilla-León
Catalonia // Community of Valencia
Galicia
Madrid
Nafarroa / Navarra
La Rioja
Other A.C
Overseas
01020304050%
>100.000 10.001-100.000 ≤10.000 To t a l
From the point of view of the origin, 40.7% of emigration comes from municipalities of over 100,000 inhabitants, 44.9% from municipalities between 10,001 and 100,000 inhabitants and 14.4% come from municipalities of under 10,000 inhabitants.
The origin of emigration to Navarre and La Rioja is mostly measured by municipalities with under 10,000 inhabitants, while emigrants to Communities like Catalonia, Comunidad Valenciana, Madrid and Murcia come from municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants. Emigrants to Extremadura, Cantabria and Castile-La Mancha come mainly from intermediate municipalities with between 10,001 and 100,000 inhabitants.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
26. Emigration by destination Autonomous Community and size of the municipality of origin. 2003.
Andalusia // Extremadura
Cantabria
Castilla-León
Catalonia // Community of Valencia
Galicia
Madrid
Nafarroa/Navarra
La Rioja
Other A.C
Overseas
0 5 10 15 20 %
>100.000 10.001-100.000 ≤ 10.000 Tota l
INTRA-MUNICIPAL MIGRATION
In 2000 there was a halt in the almost constant increase in the number of changes of address within the same municipality, which had been registered over recent years in municipalities in our Community, and restarted in 2001. Over the last decade more than double the number of inter- municipal migrations were registered in the three provinces with regard to 1988.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
27. Evolution of the intra-municipal emigration. 2003.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
A.C. Basque Country Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa
In 2003 there were 84,117 changes of address in the A.C. of the Basque Country, i.e. 4,782 intra- municipal movements more than the year before, which represents a 6% variation. More than four in ten took place in one of the capitals and Bilbao alone accounted for 22%.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
28. Impact of intra-municipal migration by municipality. 2003 (percentage on the municipal population)
The volume of intra-municipal migration from each of the capitals presents important differences in relation to their respective provinces; thus for example, while Donostia-San Sebastián registered 33% of the changes of address in Gipuzkoa and Bilbao 41% of changes in Bizkaia, Vitoria-Gasteiz registered 72% of the intra-municipal migration produced in Álava.
Within the three capitals, the districts with higher percentages of population that keep their residence in the same district when changing address are: in Bilbao district I (Deusto, Ibarrekolanda, San Ignacio) with 61%, in Donostia-San Sebastián district VII (Alza, Bidebieta, Herrera) with 58% and in Vitoria-Gasteiz district I (Casco Viejo) with 51%.
On the other hand, we have district VI (rural Zone) in Vitoria-Gasteiz, where only 11% of their residents repeated district in a change in address.
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EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Results analysis MIGRATORY MOVEMENT STATISTICS 2003
29. Intra-municipal migration by age groups and municipalities (>100,000 inhab.). 2003.
% 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bilbao Donostia-San Sebastián Vitoria-Gasteiz
0 - 19 years 20 -34 years 35-49 years 50-64 years >=65 years
With regard to age, the group of 20 to 34 year-olds is the most numerous in changing address in municipalities of over 100,000 inhabitants, with percentages that vary between 31% in Donostia-San Sebastián and 39% in Vitoria-Gasteiz. The next group in importance is the 35 to 49 year-olds, where the proportion of persons that move within the Community is similar in each of the three capitals.
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