Vol. 9(2): 101–113

THE 17TH POLISH MALACOLOGICAL SEMINAR –WHATDOWEDO?

SEMINAR REPORT

The previous (16th) Malacological Seminar was where some of us stayed. A few people stayed at the held in a place in the very north of , on the Bal- Field Station of the Academy, and most had to be con- tic Coast. This year we met in the very south of the tent with private accommodation (as far as I know country. The village of Ojców is located very close to they were all very glad). Cracow. The village itself, with its few but very nice Participants were not very many, no doubt partly and rather loosely scattered houses, is beautiful and because of the fact that only a few months had passed unlike any typical Polish village. It is situated in the since the previous Seminar (September 2000), and midstof a karstarea, in a limestonevalley withmany partly because the academic year was just coming to caves, rocks, interesting plants and – what more im- its end, and some people simply could not leave their portant – snails. The village lent its name to the Ojców respective universities. National Park, small, but unique in many respects. On the first day we were welcomed by the main or- The Seminar started on May 30th and ended on ganizer, and by the Director of the Ojców National June 1st – after two autumn seminars (15th and 16th) Park; then the Vice-Director told us about scientific we have switched to the spring schedule again. The studies in the Park, and Prof. ANDRZEJ SZEPTYCKI (en- main organizer was Dr. hab. EWA STWORZEWICZ (to tomologist, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of whom mostof our thanksshould go), aided by some Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences) – aboutthe of her colleagues from the Institute of Systematics Park’s fauna, its origin and peculiarities. and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences There were about40 of us, with20 papers and (Cracow) and some members of the Staff of the Ojców about as many posters, in five oral plus one poster ses- National Park. sion, some very enthusiastic malacologists having as Ojców is not a typical tourist place, that is to say many as three papers/posters. Of three introductory people usually come there only to see the valley with lectures (first session) one (by Prof. ANDRZEJ its magnificent landscape, and then depart without FALNIOWSKI, Jagiellonian University) dealt with mole- staying for the night. It has one and not very big hotel cular methods in malacology, another (by the author of this report) with the evolution of land pulmonate life cycles, the third (by Dr. MARIANNA SOROKA, Uni- versity of ) with speciation mechanisms from genetical viewpoint. The topics of papers and posters varied considerably (we are a mixed lotafterall, and the only thing that truly unites us is THE MOLLUSC) – the problems discussed included genetics, host- -parasite relations, physiology, ecology, dispersal, snail farming, fossil assemblages, molluscan pests etc., and even impressions of a malacologistwho had taken partin a Pacific cruise (luckily thesailor-malacologist is also a very good photographer and could show us her wonderful slides). Abouthalf of thepa - pers/posters dealt with aquatic malacology–aten- Fig. 1. Welcoming address by the Main Organizer dency observed also during some of the previous Dr. hab. EWA STWORZEWICZ Seminars. 102 Seminar report

Fig. 2. During the General Assembly. From right to left: Presi- Fig. 3. Listening to a lecture dent of the Association – Dr. Adam Wojciechowski, author of this report – Dr. hab. Beata M. Pokryszko, Treasurer – Dr. hab. Andrzej Lesicki

It seems that we have something to brag about: spring 2002) would be organized by the University of quite many malacologists (and among these quite Szczecin. many young people), and a great variety of topics and The official social events were two (unofficial approaches, with increasing quality of work (see also events were many): grill & beer at a small restaurant earlier seminar reports in Folia Malacologica and the and a long evening walk in one of the nearby valleys. Editorial in Folia 9(1)) and – though our Seminars There was no need to organize an excursion – just be- are called Polish Seminars – we are getting really in- ing in Ojców was enough. ternational, with guests from neighboring countries As usual, brief abstracts of all the presentations in- taking part in our meeting (see abstracts below). cluded in the Abstract Book, are presented below. Some of us go as far as writing malacological books Only very few authors submitted really short texts, from time to time. During the Seminar we could buy and some included even graphs and tables (the edi- (ata favourable price) “Drogi i bezdro¿a ewolucji tors of the Abstract Book had a hell of a time to put miêczaków” – a very interesting book about mollusc the thing together, especially that some authors sent evolution by Prof. ANDRZEJ FALNIOWSKI. their texts the very last minute). As usual, the Abstract The official sessions and papers, of which during Book was in Polish. All the texts were translated and thelast17 years we had many, are notthemostimport - most quite drastically abbreviated, all this behind the ant thing. In my opinion much more important is that authors’ back, by Yours Truly. we – most of us – have an opporunity to meet once a year, discuss outproblems, startco-operationand BEATA M. POKRYSZKO help each other, during which process young people Museum of Natural History, Wroc³aw University, learn and old people become young again. 50-335 Wroc³aw, Poland The General Assembly of the Association of Polish (e-mail: [email protected]) Malacologists decided that the next Seminar (18th,

ABSTRACTS OF THE 17th POLISH MALACOLOGICAL SEMINAR, OJCÓW 2001

FAISUA, OSTRAS, CHOLGAS AND ALMEJAS – ka. The route led from the Chilean Island of Chiloe, NOT ONLY MALACOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS through Valdivia (Chile), Robinson Crusoe island and FROM A PACIFIC CRUISE CHILE–NEW ZEALAND Polynesian islands: Marquesas, Samoa and Tonga, to ON A YACHT MARIA New Zealand. All along the route of 9,000 sea miles the crew of three took samples of crustacean plankton ANNA ABRASZEWSKA-KOWALCZYK from the depth of 50 m and conducted whole-day ob- Katedra Zoologii Bezkrêgowców i Hydrobiologii, servations of sea birds. Physical parameters of air and Uniwersytet £ódzki, £ódz surface layer of water were measured twice a day. Ma- From April 2000 till January 2001 the author took rine invertebrates such as corals, crustaceans and mol- part in the Pacific stage of a round-the-world expedi- lusc shells, were collected on volcanic and reef islands, tion on a yacht Maria, owned by captain Ludomir M¹cz- focusing on species used by local people. Seminar report 103

HOLOCENE MALACOFAUNA OF SMALL KARST be distinguished within the last 700 years: the first FORMS OF THE OJCÓW PLATEAU warm phase – mediaeval climatic optimum (14th – 17th c.); the first cool phase (14th/15th c.); – a warm- STEFAN WITOLD ALEXANDROWICZ ing including 18th/19th c.; – a cooling in the second Polska Akademia Umiejêtnoœci, Kraków half of the 19th c.; – a warm phase of the 20th c. Small karstforms are common in valleys in thevi - cinity of Cracow. They contain deposits abounding SNAILS OF THE FORMER IRONWORKS AREA with mollusc assemblages. The studies included over OF THE STAROPOLSKI INDUSTRIAL REGION 60 localities, 34 being analysed in detail. The deposits IN THE ŒWIÊTOKRZYSKIE MTS are usually up to 1 m thick. The assemblages include 64 land snail species of three main ecological groups JADWIGA BARGA-WIÊC£AWSKA (shade-loving, of open habitats and mesophilous). Zak³ad Zoologii, Instytut Biologii, The following species reach the highest values of con- Wy¿sza Szko³a Pedagogiczna, Kielce stancy and dominance: Carychium tridentatum, Vallonia The development of iron production in the costata, Pyramidula rupestris, Alinda biplicata, Discus Œwiêtokrzyski region during Roman times started a rotundatus and Chondrina clienta. The malacofauna in- deforestation of considerable areas in the Œwiêto- dicates a varied age of the deposits: assemblages char- krzyskie Mts; the intensity of mining was the highest acteristic of the Vistulian contain Succinea oblonga, in the 18th–19th c. The regeneration of natural envi- Pupilla muscorum, Semilimax kotulai and Clausilia dubia. ronment still continues. Malacofauna of seven locali- Early Holocene deposits harbour Discus ruderatus, ties in the former ironworks area in Starachowice was Acicula polita, Vallonia costata and Vitrea contracta. Most studied in order to estimate succession. A total of 44 assemblages correspond to climatic phases of the species of land snails were recorded; Bradybaena Meso- and Neoholocene. Discus perspectivus, found in two of the valleys, is indicative of climatic optimum. fruticum, Laciniaria plicata, Cochlicopa lubrica and Dis- Three typesof assemblages representabouthalf of cus rotundatus dominated in Starachowice; Laciniaria the material. They are faunae typical of open and plicata in Samsonowo; Helicella obvia and Vallonia epilithic habitats, as well as faunae with a dominance pulchella in Machory. Dominance structure has been of widely tolerant species. The former contain numer- developed only in three sites associated with storage ous Chondrina clienta, Pyramidula rupestris, Vallonia of calcareous rock. The succession is slow and associ- costata and Truncatellina cylindrica, the latter – ated with ruins and use of calcareous stone. Carychium tridentatum, Vertigo pusilla, Vitrea contracta and Clausilia parvula. Successions of assemblages in DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALL.) ON VARIOUS the deposits 0.6–1 m thick are very diverse, indicating SPECIES OF MACROPHYTES IN THE LAKE only changes of local conditions. HAÑCZA

BEATA BINEK,ANDRZEJ KO£ODZIEJCZYK SHIFTS OF TIMBERLINE IN THE TATRA MTS WITHIN HISTORICAL TIMES IN THE LIGHT Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, Instytut Zoologii, OF MALACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa Dreissena polymorpha is the dominant macroinverte- WITOLD PAWE£ ALEXANDROWICZ brate in the lake Hañcza. The aim of our studies was Katedra Stratygrafii i Geologii Regionalnej, to determine significance of various species of macro- Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków phytes as substratum for the zebra mussel. Hañcza is Deposits forming talus cones at the base of rock the deepest lake of the Central European Lowland, of walls were analysed in detail. They are developed low trophy, with dominance of litholittoral and poorly mainly in the western Tatra within Mesosoic carbon- developed reed communities; submerged vegetation ate formations; 11 such profiles were analysed, with includes mainly three species of Chara; Potamogeton deposits up to 1.5 m thick. The sites represent various perfoliatus, Elodea canadensis, and other species of sub- vegetation zones (from lower forest zone to rock merged macrophytes are scarce. D. polymorpha was zone) and the variation of their mollusc assemblages found to use various plant species to different degree; reflects habitat changes. The whole material included its frequency on Phragmites, Potamogeton and Elodea was 56 species of land snails (13,759 specimens), with the 50–60%, on Chara 100%. Its density and size structure dominance of two ecological groups: one including also varied with plant species, site and depth. On forest and shade-loving species, the other with Phragmites and Potamogeton the mussel was sparse, indi- epilithic and meadow forms. The proportion of the viduals of 8–16 mm dominating and young mussels two components varies within the profiles, thus offer- being sporadic; the density and size structure on Elo- ing a possibility of interpretation of shifts of the tim- dea were found to depend on depth. Depending on berline. Due to this cooler and warmer phases could species of Chara, the highest density was reached by 104 Seminar report mussels of different size classes; the size structure in- found between the fluoride dose and increased con- dicates that postveligers settle mainly in deeper parts centration of GMP, ADP, Urd, NAD, and decreased of littoral (from 3 m downwards), migrating shore- concentration of ATP, Xan, Guo and EC value. Above wards in autumn and winter. On macrophytes the a certain threshold fluoride concentration the ob- zebra mussel does not reach the maximum size of the served tendencies became reversed: the highest fluo- bivalve noted on other substrata in the lake (29 mm). ride concentration (1,330 ppm) resulted in a de- crease of GMP and Urd while ATP, Xan, Guo and EC MALACOFAUNA OF HOLOCENE LACUSTRINE increased. DEPOSITS IN WIERZCHY (NE POLAND) CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF IWONA CZEPIEC,MAGORZATA £OPUSZYÑSKA GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE IN TISSUES Katedra Stratygrafii i Geologii Regionalnej, OF HELIX ASPERSA (O. F. MÜLLER) ACCLIMATED Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków AT 5°C AND 25°C The maximum thickness of the studied deposits – DARIA DZIEWULSKA-SZWAJKOWSKA, mainly calcareous gyttja and lacustrine chalk – is 11 MA£GORZATA £OZIÑSKA-GABSKA,ANDRZEJ D¯UGAJ m. Molluscs were found in 27 samples; 16 species in- cluded 2 terrestrial snails, 8 aquatic snails and 5 bi- Zak³ad Fizjologii Zwierz¹t, Instytut Zoologiczny, Uniwersytet Wroc³awski, Wroc³aw valves. The terrestrial snails (Succinea putris and S. elegans) are higrophilous. Two types of association Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) [EC 3.1.3.9] hy- were distinguished: one including assemblages with drolyses glucose-6-phosphate to glucose and inor- over 80% Valvata piscinalis and Pisidium nitidum,an- ganic phosphate. Its activity was detected in many ver- other with richer assemblages with a considerable tebrate tissues. G6Pase is a membrane enzyme whose proportion of Bithynia tentaculata, Valvata cristata and functioning depends on the presence of five proteins Armiger crista. The succession of mollusc assemblages of different, complementary functions. The mecha- indicates the evolution of the lake: in lower strata spe- nism of its action is not known in detail. G6Pase is one cies associated with permanent water bodies and flow- of the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis. In gastropods, ing waters (Valvata piscinalis, Pisidium nitidum) domi- like in vertebrates, G6Pase is located in the micro- nate; higher up the assemblages get poorer, with single somal fraction of hepatopancreas. The aim of our mollusc shells and fish scales indicating an open water studies was to check if acclimation at 5°C and 25°Caf- body with poor organic life; later still the assemblages fects the activity of G6Pase in tissues of Helix aspersa. become richer, with an increasing proportion of Sixtyseven adultspecimens (mean body weight20.9 species of shallow and vegetation-overgrowing habi- g) from the culture of the Institute of Animal Hus- tats, thus indicating a gradual disappearance of the bandry, Balice near Cracow, were fed with standard lake (appearance of terrestrial species). Bithynia-index feed and keptin plasticboxes at25 °C; during the ex- assumes positive values characteristic of zones over- periment, snails acclimated at 5°C during 10 days grown with rush and reed. were not fed. G6Pase activity in the hepatopancreas and kidney was determined colorimetrically according CONTENT OF HIGH-ENERGY PURINE to Toshima & Yoshimura. In the spring the activity of NUCLEOTIDES IN MUSCLES OF G6Pase in the snails acclimated at 5°C increased statis- FLUORIDE-EXPOSED HELIX ASPERSA MAXIMA tically significantly compared to the snails kept at AS AN INDICATOR OF ENERGY METABOLISM 25°C (hepatopancreas 3.83 versus 22.22 U/g tissue, kidney 0.81 versus 0.60 U/g tissue); in the autumn the MONIKA EWA DWOJAK-RAÆ,K.SAFRANOW, activity showed no significant changes. The increased Z. MACHOY activity of the enzyme in the spring indicates an inten- Zak³ad Biochemii i Chemii, sified gluconeogenesis. Pomorska Akademia Medyczna, Szczecin Exposure to fluorine compounds limits ATP syn- MOLECULAR MALACOLOGY – TRACING thesis and may thus affect energy metabolism. Purine EVOLUTION FROM DEME TO SUPERFAMILY derivatives were determined with HPLC liquid chro- ANDRZEJ FALNIOWSKI matography, fluorides – with gas chromatography. Muscle tissue of the foot served as material. The snails Instytut Zoologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloñski, Kraków received feed supplemented with NaF at doses of 133, Molecular data, especially allozyme electrophore- 665 and 1,330 ppm. Thirteen purin derivatives were sis and DNA sequencing, offer an insightintomicro- determined; fluoride concentration had a statistically and macroevolutionary processes. Such information significanteffecton thecontentofGMP, ATP, ADP, often proves more useful than traditionally applied Xan, NAD, Guo, and EC value. A correlation was morphological characters. For over 10 years the Labo- Seminar report 105 ratory of Malacology, Jagiellonian University, has PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF been conducting molecular studies of this kind. Many INFECTION WITH LARVAE OF ALARIA ALATA land snails, especially Helicoidea, display a polymor- (GOEZE, 1782) ON POPULATION DYNAMICS phism of shell, of soft parts colour and pattern, and OF HOST SNAILS also of allozymes. Such a polymorphism was studied 1 in Bradybaena fruticum, indicating differentiation be- BARBARA GRYGON-FRANCKIEWICZ , 1 2 tween populations, association between colour EL¯BIETA ¯BIKOWSKA ,ADAM RYSZARD WÓJCIK morphs and external factors of genetic background. 1Zak³ad Zoologii Bezkrêgowców, Genetic markers make it possible to estimate gene Instytut Biologii Ogólnej i Molekularnej, flow between populations. An extremely low gene Uniwersytet Miko³aja Kopernika, Toruñ flow and interpopulation differentiation in accor- 2Zak³ad Higieny Weterynaryjnej, dance with the archipelago model was found for Pracownia Parazytologiczna, Toruñ Chondrina clienta; a similarly low gene flow, following Life cycle of Alaria alata (Digenea: Strigeida) in- the stepping stone model, was found in Bythinella, cludes two obligatory intermediate hosts: snails while the same model with a higher gene flow was de- (Planorbis planorbis or Anisus vortex) and frogs and tad- tected in Melanopsis. Knowledge of breeding systems poles (Rana temporaria or R. esculenta), ultimate hosts is crucial for studies on microevolutionary processes. (dogs) and parathenic hosts (wild boar). The snails In aquatic and terrestrial snail populations inbred is are “producers” of furcocercariae. The extensity of in- notas frequentas usually believed. On theother fection and mortality of the snails were found to vary. hand, the genetic structure of Chondrina clienta con- In summer 2000 the number of dead snails was high, firms self-fertilisation, and also a strong effect of ge- the remaining individuals being not infected; in au- netic drift in populations of extremely low evolution- tumn 2000 the mortality was also high, the live snails ary effective size. In Valvata piscinalis (Heterostropha) being infected to a low degree with Notocotylus the genetic structure precludes frequent selfing. atenuatus. The reason for the high mortality was prob- Allozyme electrophoresis makes it possible to detect ably the autumn invasion of Alaria alata hybrids: such a hybrid (fertile female) was found be- (furcocercariae penetrating through body covers). It tween Viviparus contectus and V. viviparus. Molecular is likely that the infected snails are also less tolerant to methods are used in studies on speciation or to de- changing environmentconditions. cide if two taxa are already species. Allozymic studies on four species of Melanopsis from Israel revealed that MOLLUSCS OF THE RIVER MUCHAWKA three of them were distinct (species and subspecies) AND SELECTED HABITAT FACTORS while the fourth was ancestor of the remaining two (one with two subspecies). Specific status of Adrio- BEATA JAKUBIK hydrobia from Croatia has not been confirmed; the dif- Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Œrodowiska, ferences in shell size and proportions were not com- Akademia Podlaska, Siedlce patible with mtDNA differences; probably all the de- scribed species represent Adriohydrobia gagatinella. Muchawka is a small river crossing Wysoczyzna The populations are young, of star phylogeny struc- Siedlecka, tributary to the Liwiec river. Qualitative ture. Neither the distance of over 1,000 km nor the and quantitative studies were conducted in 1999 and barrier constituted by the Alps caused species distinct- 2000, according to the phenological cycle. Selected ness of N Italian Marstoniopsis insubrica and M. scholtzi physico-chemical parameters were measured (tem- widely distributed in N Europe. Molecular methods perature, pH, electrolythic conductivity, BZT5, con- are also useful in tracing macroevolution. Such stud- centration of dissolved oxygen, concentration of ies (allozymes) revealed only a distant relationship be- nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, chlorides, total hard- tween Viviparus contectus and V. viviparus. When re- ness). Twelve mollusc taxa were recorded, the constructing the phylogeny of Viviparus, a hypothesis dominants being bivalves of the genera Sphaerium and was proposed of sympatric speciation at the glacier Pisidium and snails of the genus Lymnaea, mainly front. Allozymes, however, allow only a reconstruction L. stagnalis (L.). Compared with the results of studies of relationships between not very remote taxa that on the same river of 1994–1995, the number of taxa share atleastsome allozymes. To reconstructtheso has notchanged. called deep phylogeny itis necessary toapply DNA (both nuclear and mitochondrial) sequences. In this way relationships between 40 taxa of the Hydrobiidae s. lat. and related taxa were analysed; the Hydrobiidae proved to be polyphyletic. 106 Seminar report

STRUCTURE AND RICHNESS OF MOLLUSCS OF THE WARTA RIVER OXBOWS MALACOCENOSES IN HABITATS POPULATED TO VARIOUS DEGREE BY DREISSENA ANNA KRAMARZ POLYMORPHA (PALL.) – SULEJOWSKI Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, Uniwersytet Œl¹ski, Katowice RESERVOIR, C POLAND Samples were taken in 1998–1999 from April till EWA JURKIEWICZ-KARNKOWSKA September in 7 sites in 3 oxbows; the sites differed in the quality of their bottom deposits and vascular vege- Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Œrodowiska, tation. Seventeen mollusc species were recorded: 14 Akademia Podlaska, Siedlce snails and 3 bivalves. Six snail species were common Molluscs were collected in July of 1999 and 2000 and abundant: Anisus vortex (L.), Planorbis planorbis from 21 sites. Twenty one species – 9 snails and 12 bi- (L.), Planorbarius corneus (L.), Bathyomphalus contortus valves – were found, as well as shells of another three (L.), Radix peregra (O.F. Müll.) and Bithynia tentaculata planorbid species. The number of species per site (L.). They occurred mainly among aquatic vegetation ranged from 0 to 12. The zone remote from the main and on sandy-muddy and muddy bottom. Common currentand theshallows harboured more species (17) butless abundantwere: Physa fontinalis (L.), Viviparus than habitats closer to the current (11). The most contectus (Mill.), Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) and Segmentina common and constant were D. polymorpha, Valvata nitida (O.F. Müll.), the remaining species being acces- piscinalis and Pisidium henslowanum. The mean pro- sory and found at single sites. The fauna is qualita- portion of D. polymorpha was 57.3%, the proportion tively similar to that of the river; species resistant to was higher farther from the current (ca. 70%) than desiccation and water level fluctuations dominated in close to the former bed of (c. 21%). D. poly- the oxbows; the bottom deposits, depth, water level morpha was found in the whole reservoir, the density fluctuations and physico-chemical properties of water however being negligible (1.2%) in its upper part. affect the diversity of vascular vegetation which in The mollusc density ranged from 0 to 1,728 turn influences the diversity of aquatic fauna. indiv./m2, the biomass from 0 to 497 g dry weight/m2. The density of D. polymorpha affected the occurrence of most other mollusc species. In sites where it was ab- MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF ANODONTA sent or its density low (0–200 indiv./m2), the number WOODIANA WOODIANA (LEA, 1834) IN THE and density of other species were decidedly higher INITIAL COOLING RESERVOIR OF THE POWER than in those where its density exceeded 500 PLANT KONIN indiv./m2; the dominance structure was also different. ANDRZEJ KRASZEWSKI1,BOGUS£AW ZDANOWSKI2 1 PALATABILITY OF VARIOUS SEGETAL WEED Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, SPECIES TO PEST SLUGS Instytut Rybactwa Œródl¹dowego, Olsztyn 2Katedra Ekologii Ewolucyjnej, JAN KOZ£OWSKI Uniwersytet Warmiñsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn Zak³ad Zoologii, Instytut Ochrony Roœlin, Poznañ The initial cooling reservoir is a part of the Konin The aim of the studies was to establish food prefer- water system: 75 ha in area, c. 1.8 mln m3 in volume, ences of two slug species: Arion lusitanicus Mab. and of maximum depth of 4.2 m, mean depth 2.5 m, it is Deroceras reticulatum (O. F. Müll.) towards various com- divided in two parts by a stone transept (former mon weed species. The preferences were studied in road); the water exchange takes place every 3–4 days. the laboratory, day temperature 19°C, nighttempera - The flow is considerable only in the discharge zone ture 16°C, RH 95% and daylightof 15 hrs. For each (0.15 m/s), temperature difference between the dis- slug species 19 weed species and winter rape were charge and outlet zone is 6°C, the summer tempera- tested in various combinations. In the first days of ture ranging from 26 to 32°C. The bottom deposits at feeding A. lusitanicus clearly preferred Conium the transept are organic-rich. In the discharge zone maculatum L.; Euphorbia pelbus L. and Polygonum the density and biomass were higher (30 indiv./m2 nodosum Pers. were the least palatable. D. reticulatum and 10.240 g/m2) than in the other zones (10 preferred winter rape (Brassica napus var. biennis indiv./m2 and 880 g/m2). The population consisted (Schübler etMart)Rchb.), followed by Lamium of individuals aged 3–5 years, those from the mid and purpureum L. P. nodosum was consumed to a small de- outletpartofthereservoir being smaller (3+ 74 mm, gree and Chelidonium majus L. was notaccepted. 4+ 95 mm, 5+ 110 mm) than those from the discharge zone (3+ 108 mm, 4+ 140 mm, 5+ 155 mm). The speci- mens from the region of transept had a lower height and width (S/L = 0.33, S/H = 0.58), compared to those from the mid and outlet zones (S/L = 0.38, S/H = 0.65). Their shells were dark brown, those of speci- Seminar report 107 mens from the remainng zones – lighter, honey has a distinct effect on the vertical distribution of lar- brown. vae: in windless weather they stay in shallower layers; wind causes even distribution of larvae in the whole MARINE MALACOFAUNA FROM VISTULIAN water column or their increased abundance in deeper DEPOSITS OF THE LOWER RIVER layers. Settling of veligers was the most intense in the eastern part of the lake (wind-exposed, with prevail- JARMILA KRZYMIÑSKA1,MIROS£AW B£ASZKIEWICZ2 ing westerly winds). Differences in abundance of 1Pañstwowy Instytut Geologiczny, planktonic larvae in consecutive seasons were re- Oddzia³ Geologii Morza, Gdañsk flected in the age structure of sedentary individuals. 2Instytut Geografii i Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego, Zak³ad Geomorfologii THE EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS i Hydrologii Ni¿u, Polska Akademia Nauk ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SNAILS IN WATER The exposure Gniewskie M³yny, located on the BODIES OF WYSOCZYZNA CIECHANOWSKA edge of the valley, contains a series of IGA LEWIN sandy-gravelly deposits over 30 m thick. Samples were taken from a profile of 29 m. The fauna is fairly well Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, Uniwersytet Œl¹ski, Katowice preserved: most shells are bivalve shells, mostly with The studies included snail communities of rivers, damaged hinges and traces of transport; snail shells streams, oxbows and anthropogenic reservoirs (clay are fewer but better preserved. Two snail and nine bi- pits) of Wysoczyzna Ciechanowska. The following pa- valve species were identified, the most numerous be- rameters were used when characterizing the malaco- ing Cerastoderma glaucum Poiret, Nassarius reticulatus cenoses: dominance (D), constancy (C), commonal- (L.), Dosinia lincta (Pulteney). Less frequent were ity (Q), Simpson’s and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity in- Macoma baltica (L.), Acanthocardia echinata (L.), dices and equitability index. The malacocenoses were Spisula subtruncata (Da Costa), Corbula gibba (Olivi), subject to cluster analysis. The most abundant, fre- Bithium reticulatum (Da Costa), while Ostrea edulis (L.), quentand common species in rivers was Bithynia Abra nitida (O.F. Müll.), Divaricella sp. and Cuspidaria tentaculata (L.), the highest density of gastropods be- sp. were sporadic. A part of the material was dated ing 804 indiv./m2 (£ydynia river) on a sandy-stony with uranium-thorium method, with the following re- bottom. Malacocenoses of the rivers £ydynia and sults: Nassarius reticulatus 15.3–31.4, Cerastoderma Pe³ta were the most similar, Valvata piscinalis (O.F. glaucum 64–138, unidentified fragments 43–93 thou- Müll.) being the most abundant in both. Another sand years BP. The age corresponds to the Vistulian, cluster was formed by the river Wkra and its oxbows, starting with the Eemian till the end of Grudzi¹dz Viviparus viviparus (L.) being themostabundantand interstadial episode. The dates correlate well with ra- common. The malacocenoses are affected by the type diocarbon dating. The presence of Nassarius of water body, substratum, physico-chemical proper- reticulatus and Cerastoderma glaucum speaks againstthe ties of water, and presence of macrophytes. Eemian age; the dates suggest the Grudzi¹dz interstadial. THE EFFECT OF ACCLIMATION ON THE ACTIVITY OF FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION IN SELECTED TISSUES OF HELIX ASPERSA OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALL.) FROM (O. F. MÜLL.) A EUTROPHIC LAKE IN THE MASURIAN LAKELAND MA£GORZATA £OZIÑSKA-GABSKA,DARIA DZIEWULSKA-SZWAJKOWSKA,KATARZYNA SZCZYGIE£, KRZYSZTOF LEWANDOWSKI ANDRZEJ D¯UGAJ Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, Instytut Ekologii Zak³ad Fizjologii Zwierz¹t, Instytut Zoologiczny, Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Dziekanów Leœny Uniwersytet Wroc³awski, Wroc³aw The studies were carried out in a eutrophic lake Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) [E.C. Inulec, a part of the lake system connected by the 3.1.3.11] hydrolyses fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fruc- river Jorka. Abundance dynamics of planktonic larvae tose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. It is a key and variability in their horizontal and vertical distri- enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Our earlier studies bution were studied on the background of distribu- showed that FBPase activity in Helix pomatia L. and tion of adult D. polymorpha. Besides places with con- Pomacea bridgesi (Reeve) was the highest in stant density of larvae, there were sites with abun- hepatopancreas, and 3–4 times lower in kidney and dance varying much with the season, as well as sites footmuscle. This studywas aimed atestablishingif devoid of larvae. The highestdensityof larvae was low temperature induced increase in gluconeogene- noted above beds of reproducing D. polymorpha. Wind sis in selected tissues of H. aspersa. Snails from the cul- 108 Seminar report ture of the Institute of Animal Husbandry, Balice near the haemolymph was determined in each experimen- Cracow, were acclimated during 10 days at 25°C and tal group. Differences were observed in temperature 5°C. The experimentwas carried outin April/May preferences between spring and summer (c. 23, 27 and November/December. FBPase activity in and 28°C for spring, summer and autumn, respec- hepatopancreas, kidney and foot muscle was deter- tively). Latency of coming out of torpor was in reverse mined according to Toshima & Yoshimura (inorganic proportion to temperature. Glycerol level changed phosphate) and Bradford (proteins). In spring the ac- statistically significantly between seasons, being the tivity of FBPase increased in hepatopancreas of snails highestin April (c. 0.219 mmol/l) and thelowestin acclimated at 5°C compared to those kept at 25°C, the October (c. 0.034 mmol/l). The results of behav- respective mean activities being 4.99 and 2.60 U/g ioural studies suggest that the snail winter torpor is a tissue.A similar effectwas observed in footmuscle. In passive reaction to winter cold. autumn no difference was observed between both groups of snails. The values in kidney did notdiffer INVASION OF A NEW ZALAND SNAIL between the groups in spring or autumn. The spring POTAMOPYRGUS ANTIPODARUM (GRAY, 1843) increase in the FBPase activity indicates an intensified IN THE LAKES OF BORY TUCHOLSKIE gluconeogenesis. ANDRZEJ PIECHOCKI,RENATA KALETA PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF FARMING HELIX Katedra Zoologii Bezkrêgowców i Hydrobiologii, POMATIA L. Uniwersytet £ódzki, £ódz The studies included 27 lakes in the region of ANDRZEJ £YSAK,ZOFIA MACH-PALUSZKIEWICZ, Chojnice, Czersko and Raci¹¿. P. antipodarum was pre- MACIEJ LIGASZEWSKI sent in 21 of them, at densities from 10 to 29,870 Instytut Zootechniki, Balice indiv./m2. Strongly eutrophic, dystrophic, Lobelia Eggs and snails aged from 0+ to 1+ collected in the lakes and lakes isolated from main water courses were field served as material; the were kept in enclosures in free from Potamopyrgus. Including Potamopyrgus, shal- greenhouses and in plastic containers indoors. They low littoral harboured 38 species of molluscs; the fre- were fed with feed used for Helix aspersa. Observations quency of Potamopyrgus in quantitative samples exce- on reproduction, growth rate and mortality were con- eded 90%. The mostfrequentaccompanying species ducted in both laboratory and natural population. were: Pisidium henslowanum, Gyraulus albus, Pisidium Till the age of 4 moths the fastest growth was observed supinum, P. casertanum, P. subtruncatum, P. moitessieria- in the containers while greenhouse snails did not num, Valvata piscinalis f. antiqua and Pisidium amnicum. differ from natural population. Greenhouse snails The population density of P. antipodarum was found to aged 1+ had their body mass by 30% higher than the affect the number of mollusc species: in the lake remaining two groups. When aged 2+ the hothouse Œpierewnik where the density of Potamopyrgus was snails displayed a growth rate by 25% higher than 25,000 indiv./m2 there were only 3 other mollusc spe- snails from natural population of corresponding age. cies in a sample of 1 m2, while in the lake Œluza (den- sity of Potamopyrgus 100 indiv./m2) on a correspond- SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE LEVEL ing surface 11 mollusc species occurred. The density OF CRYOPROTECTIVE SUBSTANCES AND of Potamopyrgus affects also other mollusc species, re- TEMPERATURE PREFERENCES IN THE ROMAN sulting in a decrease in their density. The phenome- SNAIL non pertains mainly to molluscs using the same food resources as P. antipodarum. The vertical range of P. an- ANNA NOWAKOWSKA,M.CAPUTA,J.ROGALSKA, tipodarum was studied in the lake Ostrowite where it K. WENTOWSKA,E.JANICKA occurred at 2.5–10 m, with a maximum density at 2.5 m. Zak³ad Fizjologii Zwierz¹t, Instytut Biologii Ogólnej i Molekularnej, EVOLUTION OF LIFE CYCLES OF LAND Uniwersytet Miko³aja Kopernika, Toruñ PULMONATES Forming epiphragm by the Roman snail prior to BEATA M. POKRYSZKO winter torpor may suggest endogenous regulation of the process. For this reason we decided to check if its Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Wroc³awskiego, temperature preferences and glycerol level in the Wroc³aw haemolymph changed seasonally. The material con- Depending on the classification system, land pul- sisted of adult individuals collected in the field. Diur- monates are included in 60–70 families. Life cycle nal and seasonal temperature preferences were exam- data exist only for members of ca. 25 of them, pertain- ined in a chamber with linear thermal gradient, in ing mostly to single species and often only one or a spring, summer, autumn and winter. Glycerol level in few aspects of life cycle. The high diversity of life cy- Seminar report 109 cles within families or genera, questionable mo- ies should be preceded by compiling a listof life cycle nophyly of many supraspecific taxa and variety of evo- parameters essential from evolutionary viewpoint lutionary tendencies result in the data at our disposal (life span, growth rate prior to and after reaching sex- being very scarce and difficult to interpret. Nonethe- ual maturity, duration of reproductive life, mating less, they allow a preliminary estimate of evolutionary behaviour and mutual/non-mutual character of cop- tendencies of life cycles, interrelationships between ulation, protandry versus simultaneous hermaphro- some of their parameters and revealing numerous in- ditism, spermatophore structure, presence/absence stances of parallel evolution as well as indicating the and character of uniparental reproduction, number most necessary directions of studies. Many life cycle of eggs per clutch and per lifetime, absolute and rela- characters are correlated with each other in such a tive egg size, calcium provision of eggs, presence/ab- way that a change in one triggers changes in others, sence of ovoviviparity or egg retention, parental care, or with morphological characters or habitat condi- incubation period, cannibalism, reproductive sea- tions. Life span is correlated with adult size, sluggish- son). Such data would allow for confirmation of the ness and shell thickness; ovoviviparity – with small supposed mutual correlation between the life cycle adult size and lack of other possibilities of parental traits and perhaps also their correlation with evolu- care and climate; egg protection – with adult size; tionary success in terms of the number of species and uniparental reproduction – partly with aphallism and distribution range. adult size, partly with phylogenetic position; growth continuation by sexually mature individuals – with DIVERSITY OF SHELL PATTERN PHENOTYPES shell structure, phylogenetic position, life span and IN DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALL.) duration of reproductive life; growth rate prior to ma- turity – with adult size (thus life span); mode of copu- ALEXANDER A. PROTASOV lation (mutual versus non-mutual) – with phylogen- Instytut Hydrobiologii, etic position; duration of reproductive season – with Narodowa Akademia Nauk Ukrainy, Kijów climate, adult size and life span; calcium provision of Shells of Dreissena polymorpha are variously col- eggs – with phylogenetic position, egg size and adult oured, with a more or less expressed pattern, or un- size (thus life span) and shell structure; cannibalism – patterned, so that a gradation of melanisation can be with biparental reproduction, egg calcification, multi- distinguished, from unpatterned light (N2) to unpat- ple copulation with different partners and asynchron- terned dark (D2), with a 1/6 increase of melanisation ous hatching; spermatophore formation – with clima- with each grade of the scale. The degree of te and phylogenetic position; complication of mating melanisation is estimated by Km index which assumes behaviour – with phylogenetic position. Basic charac- values from 0 to 1. The values varied between sites: ters of the life cycle of hypothetical common ancestor from 0.341 (lake Volvi, Greece), 0.412 (lake Sasyk, probably included: life span notmuch exceeding one Ukraine) to 0.604 (lake Ontario, Canada) or 0.832 year, no growth continuation by sexually mature indi- (Kanev reservoir, Ukraine); in the Konin lakes in Po- viduals, simple mating behaviour, only one reproduc- land the range was 0.572 to 0.630. The shell pattern is tive season depending solely on external conditions, formed by several phenes; three basic elements pre- possibility of uniparental reproduction, non-mutual dominate: arc (G), wave (J) and ray (K) whose fre- copulation, lack of spermatophores, strict oviparity, no quency varies with habitat and locality. High J and K egg protection, eggs uncalcified. The evolution of life frequencies are characteristic of European popula- cycle, varying between phylogenetic lineages, con- tions while phene G prevails in the American Great sisted in modification of its various parameters. The Lakes. The ratio J/G varied from 0.434 to 0.691 be- tendencies that can be distinguished: extending life tween North American populations; in European span and reproductive life, growth continuation fol- populations two groups could be distinguished: lowing sexual maturity, reproductive season limited to northern with average J/G ratio of 2.447 and south- a short period in a year, improving egg protection (in- ern, with the ratio of 0.520. In the Konin lakes several cluding ovoviviparity and egg retention) and calcium subpopulation groups exist with different frequencies provision, mutual copulation, loss of ability to repro- of phenotypes. duce uniparentally, complication of mating behav- iour and spermatophore structure, sometimes resul- ted in a parallel appearance of similar solutions in re- motely related taxa (e.g. ovoviviparity, calcification of eggs, prolonged growth).The mosturgentstudieson life cycles of land pulmonates should be aimed first of all at establishing complete life cycles of members of neglected and/or phylogenetically crucial taxa, recognition of variability of life cycle parameters within monophyletic families and genera. Such stud- 110 Seminar report

ON PLEUROTOMARIOIDEA AND MY CONTACTS lothic zones and lakes, was four and two times lower, WITH THEM (FROM MEMORIES OF THE respectively. CURATOR OF THE MOLLUSC COLLECTION) GENETIC APPROACH TO SPECIATION PROCESS ADOLF RIEDEL MARIANNA SOROKA Brwinów Katedra Genetyki, Uniwersytet Szczeciñski, Szczecin Pleurotomarioidea are the oldest and the most an- Reproductive isolation, effected by various mecha- cestral group of snails with extant representatives. In nisms, is of crucial importance in the process of the past, starting with the Cambrian (ca. 800–900 mln speciation. Genetic changes that take place during years bp) they were extremely diverse and abundantly speciation can be expressed qualitatively and quanti- represented, with over 500 fossil species described. tatively, using coefficients of genetic similarity (I) and Discovery of an extant Pleurotomaria at half of the 19th genetic distance (D), the values of these parameters c. was a sensation; on the turn of the 19th c. the still at particular stages of evolution being similar between very rare specimens were called “Milionärschnecken”. taxa. Genetic differentiation between species arising Extantpleurotomariaslive atgreatdepthsof through quantum speciation is different – I and D be- (100?)200–2000(3000?) m. Only as late as during the tween such species assume values characteristic of lo- last30–40 years, withdevelopmentof deep-sea fish - cal populations. Determining genetic distance is help- ing, they ceased to be a rarity in malacological collec- tions. Today about a dozen of extant species are ful when classifying taxa, describing genetic changes known, placed in three genera. My personal interest in populations and analysing phylogeny. For example, in pleurotomarias since nearly 50 years has recently genetic similarity in Dreissena polymorpha and D. resulted in acquiring 3 specimens (of 3 species) for bugensis at interpopulation and specific level is similar the Warsaw malacological collection. to that found in most other species. A form of Dreissena called “quagga” and found in the American GreatLakes was identifiedas D. bugensis based on a SIZE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION very low genetic distance. OF POSTVELIGERS OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALL.) IN THE HEATED KONIN LAKES COLONIES OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALL.) OLGA SINICYNA1,BOGUS£AW ZDANOWSKI2,ANDRZEJ – THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR LITTORAL KRASZEWSKI3 POPULATIONS AND BIOCENOSES 1Instytut Hydrobiologii, ANNA STAÑCZYKOWSKA1,KRZYSZTOF LEWANDOWSKI2, Narodowa Akademia Nauk Ukrainy, Kijów MARCIN CZARNO£ÊSKI3,JOLANTA JASIÑSKA-ZABUSKA1 2Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, 1 Instytut Rybactwa Œródl¹dowego, Olsztyn Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Œrodowiska, 3Katedra Ekologii Ewolucyjnej, Akademia Podlaska, Siedlce 2 Uniwersytet Warmiñsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, Instytut Ekologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Dziekanów Leœny In the Konin lakes Dreissena polymorpha inhabits 3Instytut Nauk o Œrodowisku, various substrata, kinds of water bodies and tempera- Uniwersytet Jagielloñski, Kraków tures. Its summer reproduction peaks differ from those observed in other waters. The size structure and Colonies are the basic component units of a distribution of postveligers were analysed with respect Dreissena bed. They arise on various substrata – live to the influence of temperature and water dynamics. (plants, animals) or dead, permanent and ephemeral, Three size classes were distinguished: L1 – 0.3 mm, L2 of different shape and structure. The number of speci- – 0.6 mm and L3 – 0.8 mm, and four types of domi- mens in the colony varies widely, reaching several nance: I – with the dominance of L1, II – with the hundred or more. The colony is formed of individuals dominance of L2 and subdominance of L1, III – with of various age. Younger mussels grow on older ones the dominance of L2 and subdominance of L3, IV – forming multi-layered aggregations with living condi- with the dominance of L3 and subdominance of L2. tions deteriorating with age and size of the mussels. The types differ in the mean individual body mass. One of the effects of overgrowing is an increased mor- The mean abundance of potveligers in the canals was tality rate and slower biomass production. Our data over twice higher than in the lakes. The factors deter- suggest that the multi-layered growth of the colony is mining settling of postveligers were water flow and an important component of the optimum strategy of temperature; substrata encountered by postveligers energy resources management. Colonies of Dreissena carried with the flow resulted in their abundant set- in the littoral provide numerous microhabitats modi- tling. The biomass of postveligers settled on shells of fying living conditions of other organisms (algae, in- Anodonta woodiana, compared to stony substrata in vertebrates, fish). Seminar report 111

CHANGES IN THE SNAIL FAUNA OF THE DAM INTRODUCTION AND POLYMORPHISM RESERVOIR IN PRZECZYCE IN 1980–1997 OF CEPAEA HORTENSIS (O. F. MÜLL.) IN LVOV

MA£GORZATA STRZELEC,AGNIESZKA NINA SVERLOVA MICHALIK-KUCHARZ Pañstwowe Muzeum Przyrodnicze Zak³ad Hydrobiologii, Uniwersytet Œl¹ski, Katowice Narodowej Akademii Nauk Ukrainy, Lwów Dam reservoirs provide specific microhabitats for Of three species of Cepaea living in Lvov only C. benthic fauna, the highest diversity being observed vindobonensis is native. C. hortensis and C. nemoralis between the 4th and 7th year of the reservoir’s exis- were introduced in the city in the 20th c., probably tence. The studies in the reservoir in Przeczyce in with plants. C. hortensis occurs abundantly in a variety 1980, 1988 and 1996 made it possible to estimate the of habitats, C. nemoralis is sparse in one of the parks. effect of hydrotechnical manipulations on the diver- The accidental introduction of C. hortensis in Lvov re- sity of gastropods and the diversity-determining fac- sulted in a decreased variability of the population tors. Material was collected from 10 sites using stan- compared to natural populations. No pink or brown dard hydrobiological methods. Only five species out shells were found, ca. 80% snails have unbanded of 15 (Lymnaea stagnalis, Radix peregra, Planorbis shells; among banded shells majority is constituted by planorbis, Gyraulus albus and Planorbarius corneus) were 12345 and (12)345. Shells with no separate bands are constant components of the fauna during the whole rare. In Lvov morphs characteristic of natural distri- study period. Their dominance structure changed, bution area are absent (10305) or rare (00300, this being the most pronounced in the case of Radix 10345). Some rare morphs were found in the city. peregra and Gyraulus albus. Besides species that were present throughout the study period, characteristic STUDIES ON SEASONAL CHANGES IN species of shallow, eutrophic water, of various resis- MALACOCENOSES OF THE NATURE RESERVE tance to drying out, were recorded: Bathyomphalus BUKI NAD JEZIOREM LUTOMSKIM contortus, Anisus vortex, A. spirorbis. In 1996, during re- construction of the reservoir, two species characteris- KRYSTYNA SZYBIAK tic of shallow, temporal water bodies appeared: Zak³ad Zoologii Ogólnej, Stagnicola palustris and Galba truncatula. Itseems that Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza, Poznañ the low temperature is not the factor limiting gastro- Qualitative and quantitative studies were con- pod occurrence. Quality of bottom deposits, vegeta- ducted monthly from April 1993 till June 1994 in a tion and fluctutations of water level seem to deter- beech forestand alder riverine forestof thenaturere- mine snail occurrence. serve Buki nad Jeziorem Lutomskim. Thirty seven spe- cies of 14 families were recorded. The following spe- WHAT DETERMINES THE DENSITY OF FOREST cies occurred in the quantitative samples from the MALACOCENOSES OF THE BIESZCZADY MTS? beech forest: Carychium minimum, C. tridentatum, Cochlicopa lubricella, Ena obscura, Discus rotundatus, ANNA SULIKOWSKA-DROZD Vitrea crystallina, V. contracta, Aegopinella pura, Ae. Katedra Zoologii Bezkrêgowców i Hydrobiologii, nitidula, Nesovitrea hammonis, Cochlodina laminata, Uniwersytet £ódzki, £ódz Clausilia bidentata, Laciniaria plicata, Perforatella The material came from 11 forest localities typical incarnata, Trichia hispida, Vitrina pellucida. In the sam- of the western Bieszczady Mts (beech, sycamore and ples from the alder forest the same species were pres- alder forests) within 650–1,250 m a.s.l. 550 samples of ent, plus Cochlicopa repentina, Vertigo pusilla, V. litter and soil were taken with a square frame 20x20 substriata, Punctum pygmaeum, Perforatella bidentata, cm. The gastropod density ranged from 18 to 1,341 Cepaea hortensis, Euconulus fulvus. The snail density indiv./m2, in a beech forestwith Allium ursinum and varied between months: in the beech forest from 3 to alder swamp, respectively. The sites were character- 104 indiv./m2 with maxima in January and November, ized with respect to their topography, soil conditions in the alder forest from 0 to 47 indiv./m2 with maxima and vegetation. Multiple regression method revealed in Augustand April. The number of species varied as the following variables as the most important: alti- well, with maxima in beech and alder forest in au- tude, slope, compactness of shrub layer, density of tumn-winter months and August, respectively. Various herb layer, pH, organic matter content, salinity. In species dominated in various months. various areas different factors may determine gastro- pod abundance, and thus the model cannot be care- lessly extrapolated to other areas. 112 Seminar report

UNIONIDS IN THE LAKES OF WESTERN Only widely distributed Agriolimacidae invaded more southern areas of Asia Minor. Turkish endemics are only 8, and including species shared with adjacent ar- MAREK ŒWIERCZYÑSKI eas – further 4. The remaining species are known also Szczecin from the Balkans and Crimea. Single Central Euro- The studies started in 1992, 75 water bodies having pean species recorded from Turkey are nearly certainly been examined till now. In all the lakes at least two introduced. The best studied and the most favourable members of Unionidae were found, their vertical dis- for slugs is northern Turkey; fewer species inhabit west- tribution being 0–40 m. All unionid species known ern areas adjacent to the Aegean and Mediterranean from Poland except Anodonta complanata were re- Seas. Central Turkey is poorly explored and unfavour- corded from each of the following lakes: Binowskie, able for slugs, while the eastern part of the country is Ch³op, D³ugie, Swobnickie, D³ugie nr. Iñsko, Do³gie practically unknown in this respect, though an en- Mielêciñskie, Glinno, Jeleñskie, Kamienny Most, demic fauna may be expected there. Ko³czewo, Krzemieñ, Marianowskie, Morzycko, Narost, P³oñ, Przybiernowskie, , Chociwelskie, THE EFFECT OF SELECTED FACTORS ON Wisola, We³tyñ. THE MALACOFAUNA OF THE RIVER CYBINA IN POZNAÑ

LAND GASTROPODS OF A MANOR PARK EWA W£OSIK-BIEÑCZAK IN RADOJEWO NEAR POZNAÑ Zak³ad Zoologii Ogólnej, MARIA URBAÑSKA Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza, Poznañ Katedra Zoologii, Akademia Rolnicza, Poznañ Mollusc samples were taken and physico-chemical and qualitative properties of water analysed in The malacofauna of the park in Radojewo, estab- 1995–1996. The type of bottom proved to be the most lished in post-partition times and maintained in an important factor determining the mollusc fauna; English style, 15 ha in area, was studied in 1997–1999. other significant factors are ammonium nitrogen, Since World War II, thepark has notbeen subjectto BZT5, magnesium, hardness, copper, lead, cadmium. any managementdue towhich a diverse shrub layer has developed. Thirty six gastropod species were re- corded based on quantitative and qualitative studies, HELICELLA OBVIA (MENKE) FROM THE themostabundantbeing Cochlicopa lubricella, Vallonia VICINITY OF RZEPIN AND ŒWIEBODZIN costata, Clausilia bidentata and Nesovitrea hammonis (W POLAND) (superdominants). Eudominants were: Ena obscura, W£ODZIMIERZ WOJTAŒ Vitrea crystallina, Carychium minimum, Vitrina pellucida, Cecilioides acicula, Acanthinula aculeata, Perforatella Zak³ad Zoologii, Instytut Biologii, rubiginosa, Euomphalia strigella, Aegopinella pura and Wy¿sza Szko³a Pedagogiczna, Kraków Nesovitrea petronella, dominants: Vallonia pulchella, Helicella obvia was studied in three sites on the fringes Succinea oblonga, Zonitoides nitidus, Trichia hispida, of towns of Rzepin (localities I and II; 14°49’E, 52°21’N) Aegopinella nitidula, Acicula polita, Punctum pygmaeum; and Œwiebodzin (locality III; 15°32’E, 52°15’N), of subdominants: Cepaea hortensis, Perforatella incarnata, different vegetation and degree of pollution. Thirty Discus ruderatus, Vertigo pusilla, Euconulus fulvus. The largestspecimens from each localitieswere measured TDI value of 0.91 characterizes the malacocenosis as (width of embryonic shell, width of increment from diverse and multi-component; the dispersion value hatching till collecting, total width and height of shell, was 6.8 which testifies to a clustered distribution. aperture height). No statistically significant difference was found between localities I and II; at these sites the SLUGS OF TURKEY snails were thelargestathatchingbutthesnails from locality III dipslayed the highest increments. ANDRZEJ WIKTOR Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Wroc³awskiego, A NEW SPECIES IN THE FAUNA OF UKRAINE – Wroc³aw SINANODONTA WOODIANA – DIAGNOSTIC Members of four slug families inhabitthevastarea AND TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS of Turkey: Limacidae, Agriolimacidae, Milacidae and VOLODYMYR IVANOVYCH YURYSHYNETS Trigonochlamydidae. The critically revised list in- cludes ca. 50 species (some still to be revised). South- Instytut Hydrobiologii, ern distribution borders of all the families just named Narodowa Akademia Nauk Ukrainy, Lwów are located in Turkey, only single milacid and limacid Three specimens of Sinanodonta woodiana Lea, species reaching beyond the Turkish southern frontier. 1838 were collected in the Danube-Sasyk Channel in Seminar report 113

SW Ukraine. The collected adult, of ca. 152 mm shell chemism. On the Red List of Threatened Animals of length, had glochidia in its marsupial sac. The species Poland the species has been qualified as going ex- differs from European unionids in its shell shape, dis- tinct; the phenomenon has a global character. To pro- tinct coarse umbo structure and shape of glochidia vide a basis for its active protection, rivers and streams (height/length ratio). Based on such diagostic char- of Pogórze Wielickie were searched for its presence. acters as umbo structure and shape of glochidia it is As a result, it was recorded from four rivers: , more correct to assign the species to Sinanodonta than G³ogoczówka, Harbutowka- and Cedron. to Anodonta. The rivers flow in deep valleys, in narrow beds with coarse rubble and numerous rapids. The species is THE GENUS HYPANIS IN THE WATERS most often found below meanders where the main OF UKRAINE current crosses the bed, or on the inner arc of the me- ander. They are usually stuck in the slope of the river VOLODYMYR IVANOVYCH YURYSHYNETS bed 5–50 cm below water surface and ca. 1 m from the Instytut Hydrobiologii, bank. Their siphons are directed perpendicular to Narodowa Akademia Nauk Ukrainy, Lwów the current. The highest density was observed in the 2 The material of bivalves of the genus Hypanis (fam. Cedron river – ca. dozen indiv./m . The mostfrequent Limnocardiidae) was collected in the lower reaches of class were bivalves 4–6 years old, 45–55 mm long. the Danube. The genus differs from cardiids in the presence of the mantle line within sinus. According to SELECTION OF THERMAL MICROHABITATS the literature, Ukrainian waters harbour H. caspia, H. BY LYMNAEA STAGNALIS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL pontica, H. angusticostata, H. jalpusensis, H. colorata, H. CONDITIONS laeviscula and H. plicata. The main diagnostic feature, used in identification keys, is the depth of sinus and EL¯BIETA ¯BIKOWSKA some other morphological traits. Since these parame- Zak³ad Zoologii Bezkrêgowców, ters are variable, at present anatomical and statistical Instytut Biologii Ogólnej i Molekularnej, approaches to the taxonomy of the genus are pro- Uniwersytet Miko³aja Kopernika, Toruñ posed. Members of Hypanis inhabit estuary waters of Parasite infection may be a factor modifying ther- low salinity and are sensitive to hyperaccumulation of mal behaviour of ectothermic animals. Snails infected organic matter. Recently changes have been observed with paratenites of digenetic trematodes are conve- in the occurrence of the genus: on one hand its abun- nient models for such studies. In this study thermal dance decreases in natural habitats, on the other its behaviour of naturally infected Lymnaea stagnalis was members appear in typical freshwater bodies. analysed in order to answer the question whether they have preferences towards microhabitats of different POPULATIONS OF UNIO CRASSUS OF SMALL temperature. Thermal behavior was found to differ SUBMONTANE RIVERS between infected and parasite-free animals. The latter selected decidedly higher temperatures, avoiding K ZAJ¥C ATARZYNA temperatures below 18°C. Infected snails showed no Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Polska Akademia Nauk, preferences, spending a considerable partof their Kraków time at temperatures below 18°C. The nextstageof Unio crassus is associated with pure running waters the studies will involve an attempt at checking if the on sandy or sandy-stony substrata. Its abundance is de- parasite manipulates its host or if it is the host that ini- creasing, probably because of changes in water tiates the changes.