Esivanhempien Puu

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Esivanhempien Puu Esivanhempien puu Kirjoituksia itämerensuomalaisesta uskomusperinteestä Anssi Alhonen [email protected] Kuva: Janne Inkeroinen Sisällysluettelo JOHDANNOKSI ...................................................................................................................... 1 I. ANIMA MUNDI ................................................................................................................... 7 II. MAAILMANKUVA .................................................................................................... 12 III. ALKUJUMALAT ....................................................................................................... 16 MAAILMAN SYNTY JA KAAOKSEN VESI ............................................................................. 16 JUMALTEN EMO JA KOLME POIKALASTA ..................................................................................... 17 VESI JA TAIVAS ................................................................................................................................ 18 TAKOVA SEPPÄJUMALA ................................................................................................................. 20 IRO, MAARIA, ALKUÄITI ................................................................................................................ 21 KUOLLEISTA NOUSEVA LEMMINKÄINEN .................................................................................... 23 IV. HALTIJAT: NÄKYMÄTÖN LUONTO .............................................................................. 25 TUULEN, MYRSKYN JA UKKOSEN VÄKI ......................................................................................... 26 TAIVAANVALOT: AURINKO JA KUU ............................................................................................... 32 VEDEN VÄKI ..................................................................................................................................... 38 TULEN VÄKI ..................................................................................................................................... 46 MAANHALTIJAT .............................................................................................................................. 53 METSÄN VÄKI .................................................................................................................................. 56 KOTIPIIRIN HALTIJOITA ................................................................................................................. 59 PELLON JA HEDELMÄLLISYYDEN HALTIJAT ................................................................................ 65 V. EMUUT JA ELÄINUSKOMUKSET .................................................................................... 73 KARHUN SYNTY ON TAIVOSESSA .................................................................................................. 74 HIIDEN HIRVI .................................................................................................................................. 78 METSÄN JA PIHAPIIRIN HALTIJAELÄIMIÄ ................................................................................... 80 VI. PYHÄT PAIKAT ........................................................................................................ 82 HIIDET, UHRIKIVET JA LÄHTEET .................................................................................................. 83 KARSIKKO, VAINAJIEN PUU ........................................................................................................... 88 METSÄN PYHIÄ PUITA .................................................................................................................... 90 PIHAPIIRIN PITÄMYSPUUT ............................................................................................................ 92 VII. TIETÄJIÄ JA KANSANPARANNUSTA ........................................................................... 94 TIETÄJÄT JA PARANTAJAT ............................................................................................................. 94 TAUDIT JA PARANTAMINEN .......................................................................................................... 97 TIETÄJÄN VOIMANLÄHTEET ....................................................................................................... 102 KANTELE JA NOITARUMPU .......................................................................................................... 104 VIII. ELÄMÄNKIERTO ..................................................................................................... 108 SYNTYMÄN VAARAT JA NIMEN VOIMA ....................................................................................... 108 IHMISENHALTIJA........................................................................................................................... 113 VAINAJAT JA KUOLEMANJÄLKEINEN .......................................................................................... 117 IX. VUODENKIERTO ........................................................................................................ 126 KEVÄÄN TERVAVALKEISTA ......................................................................................................... 126 MAALLA MARRAS AIKA ................................................................................................................ 129 VANHAN KANSAN VUODENKIERTO ............................................................................................ 133 X. LOPUKSI: PERINTEINEN IHMISKÄSITYS .................................................................... 168 VIITTEET ......................................................................................................................... 173 Johdannoksi 1 Tämä kirjoituskokoelma on kuvaus kaukaiselta vaikuttavasta maailmasta. Se maailma on kuitenkin kadonnut Suomesta lopullisesti vasta muutamia sukupolvia sitten. Kirjoituksissa käsitellään vanhoja itämerensuomalaisia luonnonuskontoja, jotka ilmenivät maaseutuyhteisöjen kansankulttuurissa kristillisestä teologiasta erillisenä uskomus- ja tapaperinteenä: itämerensuomalaisina myytteinä, haltijauskomuksina, vuodenkierron tapoina, sieluoppina jne. Itämerensuomalaisten kansojen luonnonuskonto on useimmille nykysuomalaisille tuttu kansalliseepos Kalevalasta tai kalevalaisia aiheita kuvaavasta kansallisromanttisesta taiteesta. Koko itämerensuomalaisen kulttuuripiirin tallennetun henkisen perinteen määrä on tietenkin valtavasti suomalaisten Kalevalaa laajempi. Näiden kirjoitusten tarkoituksena on hahmotella tuon perinteen osa-alueita ja teemoja ja tarjota näin tietoa aiheesta kiinnostuneille. Itämerensuomalaiset kansankulttuurit ovat äärettömän laaja aihe, enkä edes yritä esitellä yhdenkään kansan perinnettä kokonaisuudessaan, vaan pyrin nostamaan esiin toisiinsa kytkeytyvä teemoja ja eri kulttuureissa toistuvia uskomuksia. Kirjoituksen pääpaino on kuitenkin Suomen alueelta tallennetussa kansankulttuurissa. Tämä siksi, että omat juureni ovat Suomesta, tarkemmin sanottuna Hämeestä. Pyrin kuitenkin aihetta käsitellessäni aina kertomaan minkä itämerensuomalaisen kansan perinteeseen jokin tapa tai uskomus kuuluu. Kirjoittajana olen täysin maallikko vailla aiheeseen liittyvää tieteellistä koulutusta ja kaikkea sanomaani tulee peilata sitä vasten. Kirjoitukset on alkujaan julkaistu Taivaannaula ry:n blogissa vuosina 2008–2011, mutta tätä kokoelmaa varten niihin on tehty huomattavia lisäyksiä ja muutoksia. On kiinnostavaa huomata, että meillä on usein taipumusta käsitellä ”primitiivistä” luonnonuskontoa lähtökohtaisesti muun kuin oman kulttuuripiirimme ominaisuutena. Myönteisesti luonnonuskontoihin suhtautuvat suomalaiset saattavat olla paremmin perillä kaukaisten alkuperäiskansojen tavoista kuin omien esivanhempiensa vastaavista perinteistä. Kuulun itsekin niihin ihmisiin, jotka ovat kiinnostuneet muiden kansojen hengellisistä perinteistä ennen omien juuriensa löytämistä. Olen tuntenut intiaanien, afrikkalaisten, mongolien ja jopa useiden Euroopan kansojen tavat ja uskomukset perusteellisesti ennen kuin olen kunnolla sisäistänyt, että samanlaiset perinteet löytyvät myös omasta maastani. Tämä kokemus kotimaisen luonnonuskonnon ”löytämisestä” on sittemmin innostanut minua tekemään sitä tunnetuksi myös muille aiheesta 2 kiinnostuneille. Aikaisemmin minulle lähes tuntematon kotoperäinen perinne on sittemmin tullut lähelle: tiedän esimerkiksi nyt, että lapsuudenkotini lähistöllä on elänyt arvostettu tietäjä vielä isoisäni isoisän aikaan. Olen myös kuullut, että vain muutamien kilometrien päässä äitini synnyinkodista on perimätiedon mukaan sijainnut metsänjumalan pyhä uhripaikka. Ja että synnyinkuntani metsissä on vielä 1900-luvun alussa kohonnut ikiaikaiseen pohjoisten kansojen karhunpalvontaan liittyviä kallohonkia. Jokin aika sitten huomasin, että kansanperinteen tutkijat ovat tallentaneet 1950-luvulla perimätietoa vedenhaltijasta, jonka kerrotaan elävän eräässä lapsuuteni kalastusreissuilta tutussa järvessä. Tämä kaikki sen jälkeen kun olin ensin tutustunut vastaaviin uskomuksiin muilla mantereilla ja toisten kansojen parissa. Näiden oivallusten jälkeen melko usein tavattava asenne, jossa ”taikauskoinen” moderniin maailmankuvaan sopimaton perinne nähdään vain muiden kulttuurin ominaisuudeksi, on vaikuttanut täydelliseltä kulttuuriselta tietämättömyydeltä. Järjen ja kehityksen vastaiseksi koettu "taikausko" koetaan usein todisteena ulkopuolisen "huonomman" kulttuurin takapajuisuudesta ja sitä käytetään oikeutuksena toiseen kulttuuriin kuuluvien ihmisten halveksimiseen ja sortamiseen.
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