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River Names As a Testament of Cultural Heritage
ONOMÀSTICA 5 (2019): 65–89 | RECEPCIÓ 28.10.2019 | ACCEPTACIÓ 28.11.2019 River names as a testament of cultural heritage (on hydronyms in the Iskar river basin) Anna Choleva-Dimitrova Department of Onomastics Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] Abstract: River names are some of the oldest -onyms on record. The article examines 170 river names from the basin of the Iskar river – the largest tributary of the Danube in Bulgaria. The origin and significance of river names emerge through the application of traditional onomastic methods – onomastic (etymological) analysis and onomastic reconstruction. Comparative onomastic data from adjacent and more distant regions in Bulgaria and the Balkans are also drawn on. Conclusions about the relative antiquity of the hydronyms are drawn. Key words: river name, hydronym, Iskar river, Danube river, tributary of a river Els noms dels rius com a llegat del patrimoni cultural (Sobre hidrònims a la conca del riu Iskar) Resum: Els noms dels rius, o topònims fluvials, són uns dels noms més antics de què es té notícia. L’article examina 170 noms de rius de la conca del riu Iskar —el major afluent del Danubi a Bulgària. Tractem d’aclarir l’origen i la significació d’aquests noms a partir de l’aplicació de mètodes onomàstics tradicionals: anàlisi etimològica i reconstrucció onomàstica. També es recullen dades onomàstiques comparatives de regions de Bulgària i dels Balcans, més properes i més llunyanes. Proposem algunes conclusions sobre l’antiguitat relativa dels hidrònims. Paraules clau: nom de riu, hidrònim, riu Iskar, riu Danubi, afluent d’un riu 1 Introduction Hydronymy is one of the most important branches of onomastics. -
Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria
Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria By Henry L. deZeng IV General Map Edition: November 2014 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Copyright © by Henry L. deZeng IV (Work in Progress). (1st Draft 2014) Blanket permission is granted by the author to researchers to extract information from this publication for their personal use in accordance with the generally accepted definition of fair use laws. Otherwise, the following applies: All rights reserved. No part of this publication, an original work by the authors, may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the author. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. This information is provided on an "as is" basis without condition apart from making an acknowledgement of authorship. Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Airfields Bulgaria Introduction Conventions 1. For the purpose of this reference work, “Bulgaria” generally means the territory belonging to the country on 6 April 1941, the date of the German invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia and Greece. The territory occupied and acquired by Bulgaria after that date is not included. 2. All spellings are as they appear in wartime German documents with the addition of alternate spellings where known. Place names in the Cyrillic alphabet as used in the Bulgarian language have been transliterated into the English equivalent as they appear on Google Earth. 3. It is strongly recommended that researchers use the search function because each airfield and place name has alternate spellings, sometimes 3 or 4. -
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING EXCHANGE INITIATIVE for SUSTAINABLE HOSPITALITY Smes in the BALKAN-MEDITERRANEAN REGION Subsidy Contract No
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING EXCHANGE INITIATIVE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOSPITALITY SMEs IN THE BALKAN-MEDITERRANEAN REGION Subsidy Contract No. BMP1/1.3/2616/2017 Company name: “Moravsko Selo” Page | 1 Source: http://biohotel-bg.com/en/ Country/region of operation: Razlog Municipality, ‘Predela’ locality Boykov Rid, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria Sustainability dimension: environmental, resource-efficient tourist products Description of the enterprise/initiative: “Moravsko Selo” complex started working in 2007, when bio and eco were not commonly used words in Bulgaria, and producing your own food was considered quite a lonely occupation. On an area of 14 acres, 1100 metres above sea level was created one of the first family held hotels with a focus on organic production, sustainable farming and environmentally-conscious way of life. The complex includes hotel, restaurant, a farm and bio shop. Social/ community impact sought: The impact sought is offering tourist services and products which are environmentally friendly and resource-efficient: the food concept does not include a lot of intricate recipes with sophisticated products from faraway lands but rather real, local, seasonal products that the surrounding nature bestows. The complex produces the products used in the kitchen in an organic way, without using substances that are harmful to nature and man. What they cannot manufacture, they pick out from local selected providers and farmers. The visitors in the complex can enjoy close-to-the-nature experience as they are welcome to visit the farm, pick up some vegetables, ride the horse and walk with the dog. Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries. -
Sofia Airport – Sofia City Centre
ITINERARY: 05/08/2019: Sofia Airport – Sofia city centre Our guide will meet you at Sofia International Airport and will transfer you to your hotel located in the centre of the city. Overnight stay: Sofia, Light hotel 3* Meals included: dinner 06/08/2019: Sofia – Stob Pyramids – Rila Monastery – Banya – Bansko – Banya After breakfast, we depart for the sandstone Stob Pyramids - a natural rock formation of impressive size. We continue to Rila Monastery (UNESCO) – founded in the 10th century by St. Ivan of Rila this is the most famous and largest Christian monastery in Bulgaria. It played a key role in preserving Bulgarian culture and language during the centuries. Free time to try the delicious mekitsi (Bulgarian donuts served with fresh buffalo yogurt) at the local bakery. Then we continue to the village of Banya, famous for its hot springs, where we will enjoy the spa before we go to the first day of the International Jazz Festival in Bansko. Overnight stay: village of Banya, Aspa Vila hotel 3* Meals included: breakfast and dinner 07/08/2019: Banya – Bansko – Dobarsko – Banya – Bansko – Banya On this day we will visit the most famous winter resort in Bulgaria – Bansko. We start with the Bansko Permanent Icon Exhibition housed in the oldest preserved building in Bansko, built in 1749. We continue with the house museum of the poet Nikola Vaptsarov. We then drive to the nearby village of Dobarsko. Undoubtedly, the most interesting and extremely well-kept historical monument in the whole region is the church of St. St. Theodore Tiron & Theodore Stratilat, built in 1614. -
Analytical Report
ANALYTICAL REPORT CAPACITY OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF BANSKO, BELITSA, RAZLOG AND YAKORUDA FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ALTERNATIVE TOURISM IN A CROSS-BORDER REGION Part One 1. General Characteristics of the region а. Territory, towns, natural assets The four municipalities are located at the foot of the Pirin and Rila Mountains and in the Western-most part of the Rhodope Mountains. Their total area is 1,568 sq. km. and there are 5 towns and 31 villages situated there, including high in the mountains. The infrastructure is relatively good and ensures access to all settlements. The local roads are being renovated as per the adopted municipal pans. There is Internet in place, which ensures good conditions for modern communications. The region is mountainous and includes reserves, protected territories and National Parks. The area is rich in water resources: rivers, high-mountain lakes, waterfalls (the most famous one being the Sv. Nikola Waterfall – Municipality of Bansko). There are also many thermal springs, the majority of them being unique. The Banya village, located along the Razlog – Yakoruda road, is one of the richest settlements in Bulgaria in terms of thermal water – 72 springs have been found with various temperature and composition. Along the course of the Dobrinishka River, there is the mineral water pool built in ancient times and known as Rimskoto Banche (the Roman Bath). There are two thermal water deposits in the Municipality of Belitsa – one of them with low-mineralised water suitable for daily use and the other – with water suitable for treating locomotor problems. The natural rock formations – wonders of nature, which are the subject of various legends, are also numerous and varied. -
Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence from a Natural Disaster Elena Nikolovaa Nikolay Marinovb 68131 Mannheim A5-6, Germany October 5, 2016
Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence from a Natural Disaster Elena Nikolovaa Nikolay Marinovb 68131 Mannheim A5-6, Germany October 5, 2016 Abstract We show that unexpected financial windfalls increase corruption in local govern- ment. Our analysis uses a new data set on flood-related transfers, and the associated spending infringements, which the Bulgarian central government distributed to mu- nicipalities following torrential rains in 2004 and 2005. Using information from the publicly available audit reports we are able to build a unique objective index of cor- ruption. We exploit the quasi-random nature of the rainfall shock (conditional on controls for ground flood risk) to isolate exogenous variation in the amount of funds received by each municipality. Our results imply that a 10 % increase in the per capita amount of disbursed funds leads to a 9.8% increase in corruption. We also present suggestive evidence that more corrupt mayors anticipated punishment by voters and dropped out of the next election race. Our results highlight the governance pitfalls of non-tax transfers, such as disaster relief or assistance from international organizations, even in moderately strong democracies. Keywords: corruption, natural disasters, governance JEL codes: D73, H71, P26 aResearch Fellow, Central European Labour Studies Institute, Slovakia and associated researcher, IOS Regensburg, Germany. Email: [email protected]. We would like to thank Erik Bergl¨of,Rikhil Bhav- nani, Simeon Djankov, Sergei Guriev, Stephan Litschig, Ivan Penkov, Grigore Pop-Eleches, Sandra Sequeira and conference participants at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the European Public Choice Society, Groningen, the 2015 American Political Science Association, San Francisco and seminar participants at Brunel, King's College workshop on corruption, and LSE for useful comments, and Erik Bergl¨ofand Stefka Slavova for help with obtaining Bulgarian rainfall data. -
About Bulgaria
Source: Zone Bulgaria (http://en.zonebulgaria.com/) About Bulgaria General Information about Bulgaria Bulgaria is a country in Southeastern Europe and is situated on the Balkan Peninsula. To the north the country borders Rumania, to the east – the Black Sea, to the south – Turkey and Greece, and to the west – Yugoslavia and Macedonia. Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic with a National Assembly (One House Parliament) of 240 national representatives. The President is Head of State. Geography of Bulgaria The Republic of Bulgaria covers a territory of 110 993 square kilometres. The average altitude of the country is 470 metres above sea level. The Stara Planina Mountain occupies central position and serves as a natural dividing line from the west to the east. It is a 750 km long mountain range stretching from the Vrushka Chuka Pass to Cape Emine and is part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain range. It reaches the Black Sea to the east and turns to the north along the Bulgarian-Yugoslavian border. A natural boundary with Romania is the Danube River, which is navigable all along for cargo and passenger vessels. The Black Sea is the natural eastern border of Bulgaria and its coastline is 378 km long. There are clearly cut bays, the biggest two being those of Varna and Bourgas. About 25% of the coastline are covered with sand and hosts our seaside resorts. The southern part of Bulgaria is mainly mountainous. The highest mountain is Rila with Mt. Moussala being the highest peak on the Balkan Peninsula (2925 m). The second highest and the mountain of most alpine character in Bulgaria is Pirin with its highest Mt. -
Establishment of Waste Network for Sustainable Solid Waste Management Planning and Promotion of Integrated Decision Tools in the Balkan Region
Establishment of Waste Network for Sustainable Solid Waste Management Planning and Promotion of Integrated Decision Tools in the Balkan Region (BALKWASTE) LIFE07/ENV/RO/686 Action 3: Evaluation of waste infrastructure in the Bulgarian target region – Razlog Municipality Sofia, December 2010 2nd Revision Main authors: Lucia Ilieva, Margarita Hristova, Iskra Kuncheva, Velika Chimeva (CSDCS) Contributors: Kyriakos Elaiopoulos, Tudor Dau (EFCon), George Katsanos, Eleni Feleki, Christos Venetis (Euroconsultants), Fotis Kourmousis, Dimitra Poulia (NTUA) ABREVIATIONS MOEW Ministry of Environment and Water MSW Municipal Solid waste NSI National Statistical Institute RIOSW Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water PUDOS Programme for Actions related to environment OP Operational programme MW Municipal waste WM Waste management TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 3 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 5 1.1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 6 1.2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 8 1.3. TOURISM 9 1.4. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 10 2. DETAILED DATA FOR MUNICIPALITIES INCLUDED IN THE WM PROJECT 13 2.1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 13 2.2. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 17 3. WASTE MANAGEMENT STAKEHOLDERS 20 4. WASTE QUANTITIES 21 5. WASTE COLLECTION 24 6. SEPARATION AT SOURCE SCHEMES 26 7. WASTE TREATMENT 29 8. COSTS 35 9. CONCLUSIONS 37 10. REFERENCES 44 11. ANNEX I – RAZLOG REGIONAL LANDFILL PROJECT 46 CSDCS - Club “Sustainable Development of Civil Society” 2 Executive Summary The report provides a detailed picture of the waste infrastructure in the target region of Razlog and the proposed construction of regional landfill. This landfill will be a modern in regard to technology installation corresponding to the undertaken engagements of the country towards the European community. The common vision is for considerable improvement and preservation of the environment especially in the situation of fast developing tourism and sport in the region. -
Bulgarian Properties for Sale and Rent
Offer: Plot in regulation, in a popular with it`s mineral springs village in Veliko Tarnovo Ref. No.: VT 2084 URL address of the offer: https://www.bulgarianproperties.com/24808 Plot in regulation, in a popular with it`s mineral springs village Price € 38 500 Location: Veliko Tarnovo For sale Type of property: Land Area features : In the countryside. , In rural countryside, Near town, In vacation place, In historic place, Near mountain, In fishing area, In hunting area, Near highway Area: 5000.00 m2 Garden: no Condition: Excellent Authorised agency Responsible agent Nikolay Nikolov Veliko Tarnovo Mobile: +359 882 817 481 Phone: +359 62 520 289 Address: 17A, Vasil Levski Blvd, Veliko Tarnovo Skype: bulgarianproperties.com Investment opportunity in a village with mineral springs and spa The property is regulated plot in a village located 28 km. from Veliko Tarnovo and 20 km. from Tryavna. The size is 5000 sq.m. and 200 meters away there is water and electricity. The plot is accessible in all seasons, asphalt road leads to it except the last 200 m. The land is suitable for construction of one or two family home or family hotel. In the village there is a mineral spring and is visited by many tourists. Located on the northern slopes of Central Stara Planina Mountain at about 580 meters above sea level. The village itself is situated in a horseshoe-shaped valley formed by the merger of the valley extensions and Raikovska Belitsa rivers, tributaries of the Yantra river. Beautiful scenery, clear mountain rivers, beautiful clean and fresh air create favorable conditions for rest, relaxation and entertainment, the village is therefore an object of tourist visits. -
8 Days Hiking and Trekking Bulgaria Tour
Full Itinerary & Trip Details 8 DAYS HIKING AND TREKKING BULGARIA TOUR A well balanced program with half-day (or shorter) easy to moderate walks, offering more opportunitiesto visit also culture sites. The stress is on the Rhodope (Rodopi) Mountains (famed birthplace of mythicalmusician Orpheus), Mount Pirin (Bulgaria’s most beautiful mountain, named after the pagan Slav godPerun), Mount Rila (housing more than 200 glacial lakes and the highest peak on the Balkans – Musala,2925m) and Mount Vitosha (Bulgaria’s most popular mountain destination due to its close proximity tothe capital city of Sofia). We visit some of Bulgaria’s remotest and least-known parts, many of them untilrecently out of bounds for foreigners, and taste traditional local cuisine and hospitality. Famous sites ofcultural importance are also included: Koprivshtitsa (museum-town, housing well-preserved architecturefrom the Revival Period), Plovdiv (the second biggest town in Bulgaria), Bachkovo Monastery, RilaMonastery (the most famous UNESCO attraction in the country), Shiroka Laka (architectural reserve) etc.An exceptional kaleidoscope of beautiful caves, deep gorges, alpine meadows, glacier lakes, monasteries,and museum villages with authentic old-time architecture.The hiking program is moderately difficult and designed for people who would not be comfortable onvery long and tiring treks, who would yet like to savour the best the landscape and local culture have tooffer. Steep but short stages also occur along the trails. PRICE STARTING FROM DURATION TOUR ID € 0 € 0 8 days 22643 ITINERARY Day 1 : DAY 1 Sofia - Koprivshtitsa We meet you at Sofia Airport and transfer you to Koprivshtitsa at the foot of Sredna Gora Mountains. -
Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth (BCEG
Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth (BCEG) Project Bulgarian Ecotourism Development Outlook Survey of the Domestic Market Submitted by: Plamen Vulchev BCEG Project Consultant Bulgaria Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Growth Project is a collaborative initiative between the United States Agency for International Development and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria implemented by Associates in Rural Development, Inc. Project Number LAG-I-00-99-00013-00, Task Order 01 Bulgaria Biodiversity Conservation & Economic Growth Project Table of Contents Preface iv 1.0 Executive Summary 1 1.1 The Research 1 1.2 The Present Situation 2 1.2.1 The Tourist Services Market: Consumer Characteristics 2 1.2.2 Ecotourism Marketers: Domestic Travel Agents Profile 3 1.3 The Outlook for the Development of Ecotourism in Bulgaria 4 1.3.1 Potential Market – an Urban Target Group 4 1.3.2 Potential Provider 5 1.4 The Ecotourism Pilot Areas 5 1.4.1 The Varied Journeys Group as Potential Consumers of Kalofer and Govedartsi as Ecotourist Destinations 5 1.4.2 Kalofer and Govedartsi as Potential Tourist Destinations: A Travel Agent’s Perspective 6 1.5 Guidelines for the Development of Ecotourist Products 6 2.0 Guidelines for the Development of Ecotourist Products in the Areas of Kalofer and Samokov 9 2.1 The Goal 9 2.2 The Market 9 2.3 The Ideal Ecotourist Destination 10 2.3.1 General Characteristics 10 2.3.2 Attributes of a Destination 11 2.3.3 Accommodation 11 2.3.4 Eateries 11 2.3.5 Attractions 11 2.4 The Kalofer and Samokov Areas: Strengths and -
Of the Vitosha Mountain
Historia naturalis bulgarica 26: 1–66 ISSN 0205-3640 (print) | ISSN 2603-3186 (online) • http://www.nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/ publication date [online]: 17 May 2018 The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain Zdravko Hubenov Abstract. A total of 1272 two-winged species that belong to 58 families has been reported from theVitosha Mt. The Tachinidae (208 species or 16.3%) and Cecidomyiidae (138 species or 10.8%) are the most numerous. The greatest number of species has been found in the mesophylic and xeromesophylic mixed forests belt (707 species or 55.6%) and in the northern part of the mountain (645 species or 50.7%). The established species belong to 83 areographical categories. The dipterous fauna can be divided into two main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (53 species or 4.2%) – more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic; seven species of southern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (1219 species or 95.8%) – more cold-resistant and widely distributed in the Palaearctic; 247 species of northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well. The endemic species are 15 (1.2%). The distribution of the species according to the zoogeographical categories in the vegetation belts and the distribution of the zoogeographical categories in each belt are considered. The dipteran fauna of the Vitosha Mt. is compared to this of the Rila and Pirin Mountains.