DOCSLIB.ORG

Moving Towards Sustainable Construction in Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Moving Towards Sustainable Construction in Malaysia Moving towards Sustainable Construction in Malaysia: A Holistic Model for Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management Mohd Reza Esa Diploma in Building Bachelor of Construction Management (Hons.) Master of Science in Building Science A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2017 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences ABSTRACT Sustainable construction has become part of the national agenda in Malaysia in an effort to preserve the environment for a better future. The management of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes is considered an essential element in achieving the sustainability goal in Malaysia. In this light, the high rate of waste generation will put pressure on the limited space for landfill, deplete the natural resources, and create more illegal dumping issues, which will directly harm the environment. The pressures to reduce wastes have significantly contributed to the shift in mindset among construction actors to elude the linear-based practices of the construction industry. A holistic model is required to manage waste generation more efficiently, and the concept of circular economy (CE) has been identified as a potential approach to handle waste generation by putting forward the idea of turning waste into wealth, by maximising the available resources as long as possible, throughout the construction cycle. This research was undertaken to develop a holistic model for C&D waste management that is applicable throughout the construction cycle (planning and designing stage, procurement stage and construction and demolition stage) in Malaysia. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology approach, which is based on systematic literature review, a combination of the Delphi method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the distribution of questionnaires and a simulation process using system dynamics. The relevant previous studies were reviewed to develop the preliminary model, based on the three layer approaches of micro, meso and macro of CE. The developed model was then validated using the combination of the Delphi method and AHP to scrutinise the suitability of the model to be adopted in the Malaysian construction industry. An enhanced model of C&D waste management was then introduced; based on the twenty experts’ opinions. The experts are comprised of personnel from government agencies, developers, consultants and contractors in Malaysia. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed as an initial step towards the simulation process, which is designed based on the feedback gathered from 167 respondents. These respondents comprise the construction actors in Malaysia who answered and returned the questionnaires that are circulated. Finally, the C&D waste management system was simulated using the system dynamics modelling software, to evaluate and analyse the suitability of the model in the real-case scenario. The findings emphasised the significance of defining the right 3R principles of ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’, the suitable waste minimisation strategies, and the organisations responsible to ensure the implementation of C&D waste management at different stages of the construction cycle. The results i | P a g e revealed that the 3R principles should be integrated throughout the entire construction cycle, and the ‘reduce’ principle should be prioritised as early as possible. Moreover, the adoption of a modern construction method and the application of a waste management plan are necessary at the planning and designing stages to minimise waste generation. At the procurement stage, regulatory enhancement is required to ensure attention is given towards managing waste generation more effectively. Government agencies play a vital role in these stages to ensure the implementation of C&D waste management, especially in promoting the application of 3R principles. The contractors are responsible for planning an effective site management that includes proper material storage and monitoring workers’ behaviours at the construction and demolition stage. Furthermore, the findings also pointed out that the main influencing factor to waste generation is the lack of on-site materials and waste management plans. Meanwhile, there is an increasing motivation to develop a better C&D waste management commitment to environmental sustainability. Lastly, the simulation modelling in this study enhanced the result and provided a clear view on understanding the dynamics and relationships of the selected variables in the model. This study extends the current literature that frequently covers the C&D waste management strategy after waste generation, by presenting the knowledge and awareness of managing the C&D wastes throughout the construction cycle. It provides guidance and serves as a platform for construction actors to hone their focus on the management of C&D waste generation as early as possible. It can also promote the involvement of all construction actors to play their role in prioritizing the management of C&D wastes in a more sustainable and efficient way. ii | P a g e DECLARATION BY AUTHOR This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis. iii | P a g e PUBLICATIONS DURING CANDIDATURE PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS: 1) Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Rigamonti, L. (2016). Developing strategies for managing construction and demolition wastes in Malaysia based on the concept of circular economy. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s10163-016-0516-x (Published) Received: 7 March 2016 / Accepted: 23 May 2016 / Published online: 1 June 2016. 2) Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Rigamonti, L. (2016). Strategies for Minimising Construction and Demolition Wastes in Malaysia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.12.014 (Published) Received: 9 September 2016 / Received in revised form: 21 December 2016 / Accepted: 25 December 2016 / Published online: 6 January 2017. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 1) Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Ismail, F. Z. (2015). Waste Management in Construction Industry - A Review on the Issues and Challenges, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Environmental Research and Technology (ICERT 2015) on 27- 29 May 2015 at PARKROYAL Resort, Penang, Malaysia, ISBN 978-967-394-211-4, pp. 100-106. 2) Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Ismail, F. Z. (2015). Circular Economy Potential: Waste Minimisation Strategy in the Construction Industry, Proceedings of the 8th Making Cities Liveable Conference, Liveable Cities for the Future, on 6 – 7 July 2015 at Pullman Melbourne on the Park, Melbourne. 3) Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Rigamonti, L. (2016). Influencing Factors of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Wastes Generation in Malaysia, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Liveable Built Environment (ICLBE), on 2 – 4 November 2016 at Ramada Bintang Bali Resort, Indonesia. iv | P a g e PUBLICATIONS INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT This document includes two jointly authored articles, as follows: two published paper and two jointly authored works that have been submitted for peer review. These papers have been reproduced as part of the chapters of this document. I conducted the majority of the work contained within these articles, including: original idea, design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, synthesis, drafting and writing. I also play a role as corresponding author on the behalf of others. Author contributions are indicated with the below relevant citations. 1) Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Rigamonti, L. (2016). Developing strategies for managing construction and demolition wastes in Malaysia based on the concept of circular economy. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 19(3), 1144-1154. doi: 10.1007/s10163- 016-0516-x (Published) Received: 7 March 2016 / Accepted: 23 May 2016 / Published online: 1 June 2016. INCLUDED AS CHAPTER 2 OF THIS DOCUMENT. Contributor Statement of contribution Mohd Reza Esa Reviewed the literature (100%) Analysed the literature (100%) Wrote the paper (80%) Anthony Halog
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017
    ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. Acknowledgements Core Team Editor-in-Chief Prasad Modak Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India Authors Prasad Modak (Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India), Agamuthu Pariatamby (Editor in Chief - Waste Management & Research,
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Recycling in Malaysia: Transition from Developing to Developed Country
    WASTE RECYCLING IN MALAYSIA: TRANSITION FROM DEVELOPING TO DEVELOPED COUNTRY Innocent A. Jereme PhD Candidate, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia E-mail: innoviva2001@yahoo. com Chamhuri Siwar Emeritus Professor Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Md. MahmudulAlam PhD Student, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia E-mail: rony000@gmail. com Citation Reference: Jereme, I.A., Alam, M.M. and Siwar, C. 2015. Waste Recycling in Malaysia: Transition from Developing to Developed Country, Indian Journal of Education and Information Management. Vol. 4 (1), pp. 1-14. (online) http://ijeim.informaticspublishing.com/index.php/ijeim/article/viewFile/80238/62033 This is a pre-publication copy. The published article is copyrighted by the publisher of the journal. 1 WASTE RECYCLING IN MALAYSIA: TRANSITION FROM DEVELOPING TO DEVELOPED COUNTRY ABSTRACT The issue of sustainable waste management has become an important priority for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders of Malaysia as the country prepares to project itself as a developed nation. Despite several attempts by the government, such as enactment of new laws and pursuing privatisation, Malaysia is still lagging behind significantly in sustainable waste management practices, particularly in the area of recycling. Based on studies conducted in the Selangor state of Malaysia, this paper attempts to analyse the current waste management practices of Malaysia along with their problems and prospects, and examine the steps taken by the government and other stakeholders for attaining sustaining waste management practices. The paper will help the policy makers, waste management strategists, local administrators and researchers in the field to formulate sustainable policies and identify further areas of study in the relevant field.
    [Show full text]
  • Attributes to Facilitate E-Waste Recycling Behaviour
    MATEC Web of Conferences 66, 00058 (2016) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20166600058 IBCC 2016 Attributes to facilitate e-waste recycling behaviour Nur Hidayah Senawi1 and Low Sheau-Ting2 1Department of Real Estate, Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre of Real Estate Studies, Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Abstract. This study aims to identify the set of attributes to facilitate electronic waste (e-waste) behaviour among the community. E-waste disposal is increasing from year to year in parallel with increasing of global population. The short lifespan of electronics and poor e-waste recycling behaviour is among the main contributors to the steadily increasing of e-waste generated. Current recycling rate among the nation is lacking behind, which is only 10.5%. A questionnaire survey has been conducted among the students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to evaluate the current e-waste recycling practice. The results showed that majority of the respondents did not recycle their e- waste on campus. Aggressive efforts is needed to realize the country’s target of 20% recycling rate in year 2020, one of the effective paths is to minimize e-waste generation via active e-waste recycling behaviour among the community. Extensive literatures have been reviewed to classify the attributes to facilitate effective e-waste recycling among the community. Total of five attributes that identified in this study which are Convenience of E- waste Recycling Infrastruture and Services, E-waste Recycling Information, Incentives For E-waste Recycling, Reminder to Recycle E-waste And E-waste Recycling Infrastructure and Services.
    [Show full text]
  • The Research on Food Waste Pre-Treatment Technology for Incineration in Malaysia
    Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 2021, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages: 139-147 J. Environ. Treat. Tech. ISSN: 2309-1185 Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/9(1)147 The Research on Food Waste Pre-Treatment Technology for Incineration in Malaysia Ahmad Faizal Zamli 1,2* , W.M.F. Wan Mahmood 1, W.A.W. Ghopa 1, M.T. Lim 2 1 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Centre of Bioenergy & Sustainability, Renewable Energy & Green technology, Generation and Environment, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Received: 09/08/2020 Accepted: 21/10/2020 Published: 20/03/2021 Abstract Food waste and food loss are used to describe materials that are actually produced for consumption, but are discarded, lost, degraded or contaminated. Food waste (FW) is one of the main parts of municipal solid waste. Landfill is not preferable when compared with other types of waste handling method. It has been reported that the impact of landfill on climate change can be ten times higher than other waste handling methods. However, most FW end up in landfills. This paper reviewed the performance of several food waste pre-treatment technologies to convert FW into feedstock for incinerators/boilers in terms of electrical power generation purposes. The performance of food waste pre- treatment methods and their products were extensively discussed and compared in this paper in terms of calorific value, energy density, and compound reduction, which later directly corresponded with the energy, environmental, and economic factors for the sustainability of future renewable power generation.
    [Show full text]
  • ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017
    ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. Acknowledgements Core Team Editor-in-Chief Prasad Modak Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India Authors Prasad Modak (Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India), Agamuthu Pariatamby (Editor in Chief - Waste Management & Research,
    [Show full text]
  • Food Waste Handling in Malaysia and Comparison with Other Asian Countries
    International Food Research Journal 23(Suppl): S1-S6 (December 2016) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Mini Review Food waste handling in Malaysia and comparison with other Asian countries 1Lim, W. J., 1*Chin, N. L., 1Yusof, A. Y., 2Yahya, A. and 3Tee, T. P. 1Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Article history Abstract Received: 20 July 2016 The increasing amount of food waste in Malaysia in recent years has brought many environmental Received in revised form: issues in the country where it affects the nation’s solid waste management framework. At the 4 October 2016 moment, the government is limited to other alternatives of food waste disposal besides the Accepted: 5 October 2016 conventional landfill and incineration methods. This paper provides information on the current status of food waste handling, management, regulations, and policies in Malaysia. It helps Keywords to draw the problem and challenge to a clearer view in efforts of achieving sustainable and integrative food waste handling in the country. Anaerobic digestion Asian Countries Composting Food waste Malaysia © All Rights Reserved Introduction high energy usage and technology. Incineration method is rarely applied for food waste treatment as Food waste is discarded on a daily basis due it creates air pollution (Zhang et al., 2014). Both of to living nature of human beings via agricultural, these methods are unsustainable for managing food industrial and domestic activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 11 Toward 3R-Based Waste Management
    Chapter 11 Toward 3R-Based Waste Management: Policy Change in Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines A.A. Hezri Institute for Environment and Development (Lestari), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia March 2010 This chapter should be cited as Hezri, A. A. (2010), ‘Toward 3R-Based Waste Management: Policy Change in Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines’, in Kojima, M. (ed.), 3R Policies for Southeast and East Asia. ERIA Research Project Report 2009-10, Jakarta: ERIA. pp.274-290. CHAPTER 11 Toward 3R-Based Waste Management: Policy Change in Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines A.A. Hezri Institute for Environment and Development (Lestari) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 274 1. Introduction Waste management is currently one of the key areas of public policy. Population growth in cities usually results in corresponding increase in waste generation. Basically solid waste generation has always been related to the economic status of a country and the lifestyle of its population. This in turn also affects the management style of the waste generated. Over the years, modern waste management has shifted from conventional, single-choice reliance on landfills to a more flexible waste hierarchy concept, also known as 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) policies (Tanaka 1999; Wilson 2007). Asia consists of two groups, developing and developed countries. Generally, the higher income countries generate more waste, recycle more and have the money to employ advanced technology to treat their waste. On the other hand, countries with lower income and greater rural populations are expected to produce more organic waste, such as kitchen wastes, and fewer recyclable items, such as paper, metals, and plastics. The developing Asia counts as the fastest and largest waste generator globally.
    [Show full text]
  • An Advanced Plastics Recycling Industry for Malaysia a White Paper By
    AN ADVANCED PLASTICS RECYCLING INDUSTRY FOR MALAYSIA www.mpma.org.my www.mpra.com.my A WHITE PAPER BY IN COLLABORATION WITH AN ADVANCED PLASTICS RECYCLING INDUSTRY FOR MALAYSIA TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT US 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 I. INTRODUCTION 5 II. THE GOALS OF MPMA AND MPRA’S JOINT WHITE PAPER 6 III. SAMPAH PLASTIK 7 IV. REGULATION OF PLASTICS WASTE IN MALAYSIA 8 V. PLASTICS, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY 12 VI. CONCLUSION – THE FUTURE OF PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT 20 VII. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 22 VIII. REFERENCES 27 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 29 Published in October 2019 Prepared and edited by Millennium Associates Sdn Bhd Cover and internal designs by Abstract Dimension Digital printing by Akitiara Corporation Sdn Bhd Copyright © 2019 by the Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association (MPMA) and the Malaysian Plastics Recyclers Association (MPRA) All rights reserved. No part of this work may be translated, reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any material form either in whole or in part by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or invented in the future, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing. Disclaimer The purpose of this document is to provide information that is publicly available so that readers can make informed independent decisions on any actions they may choose to undertake. The conclusions and views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of every member of the MPMA or MPRA. AN ADVANCED PLASTICS RECYCLING INDUSTRY FOR MALAYSIA ABOUT US Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association Malaysian Plastics Recyclers Association (MPMA) (MPRA) The Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association The Malaysian Plastics Recyclers Association (MPMA), established in 1967, is a progressive (MPRA) was formed in 2014 to spur the growth of trade association providing leadership and quality the plastics recycling industry, enhance integrity service to its members and the plastics industry and to engage with Government and regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Behaviours on Domestic Waste Recycling Practice Among Urban Households
    Human Behaviours on Domestic Waste Recycling Practice among Urban Households Hamizah Yakob1, Nurul Rif’ah Afiqah Abd Rauf2, Yusfida Ayu Abdullah1, Alaa Ahmed Badawi3 1 Centre of Studies for Town and Regional, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, 42300, UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Centre of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, 40450, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Green Space Architects, Khalil Hamada, Sidi Bisher, Al Montazah Region, Alexandria, Egypt [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Tel: 012-2221768 Abstract The propagation of household recycling is undeniable and thorough. Recycling behaviour among households in urban areas and Malaysia has, however, received less attention. Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary study is to outline the influence that household behaviour is motivated through waste recycling. The survey carried out in six (6) suburbs of Shah Alam using a convenient sampling method to perform a site inventory and questionnaire survey. The findings are affected by the influences of recycling and individual activities representing their contribution to recycling domestic waste. Keywords: Human Behaviour; Domestic Waste Recycling; Waste Generation; Urban Households. eISSN 2514-751X © 2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Sustainable Household Waste Management in Urban Areas: Determinants That Hindered the Recycling Activities in the City of Johor Bahru, Malaysia
    TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE HOUSEHOLD WASTE Zainura Zainon Noor MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS: DETERMINANTS THAT HINDERED THE RECYCLING ACTIVITIES IN THE CITY OF JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS: DETERMINANTS THAT HINDERED THE RECYCLING ACTIVITIES IN THE CITY OF JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA by Zainura Zainon Noor Center of Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute of Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Abstract In Malaysia, household waste generation has increased manyfold over the last few decades. Regardless of composition and type, waste is mostly dumped in open areas and no significant attempts are being made to recycle. I more recent years, however, a paradigm shift from conventional waste collection to recycling has received more attention. This study assessed the determinants that were hindering household recycling at the city level. As one of the most rapidly developed urban areas in Malaysia, Johor Bahru City, the capital of Johor state, was selected as the case study. A total of 1,158 respondents participated in the research, which took the form of a face-to-face survey completed in various parts of Johor Bahru. The survey questionnaire was designed to identify the factors that might be restraining the progress of recycling activities in residential areas of the city. The survey data analysis found that the main determinants which were hindering recycling behavior among the city dwellers were: an improper implementation of the current “2+1” system, which in turn was not facilitating recycling activities in the surveyed areas; a lack of information about efficient and appropriate recycling methods; weak legal instruments related to recycling; the non-provision of bins for recyclable items in the surveyed areas; and low levels of awareness among the residents on recycling processes or methods.
    [Show full text]
  • STATUS of 3R and WASTE MANAGEMENT in MALAYSIA Agamuthu P
    STATUS OF 3R AND WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA Agamuthu P. 1,2*, Fauziah S.H.1,2 1Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [email protected] Content Introduction Aim of Presentation Current Waste Management in Malaysia Legislations on MSW Management Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 3R under SWPCM Act 2007 Challenges of the Implementation of SWPCM Act 2007 Impact of SWPCM Act 2007 Waste Separation in Malaysia Current Status of Recycling in Malaysia Conclusions References Introduction Municipal solid waste (MSW) management was quite primitive until the late 1970s. In 1993, privatization was initiated ◦ awarded concessions to four private consortia ◦ failed to resolve MSW challenges faced by the local authorities due to the unsustainable financial mechanism. ◦ no specific contribution from the waste generators. Highly mixed waste generated by Malaysians Plastic wastes at landfill site Landfill leachate contamination Legislations on MSW Management Year Policy/Legislation 1988 Action Plan for a Beautiful and Clean (ABC) Malaysia 2005 National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (NSP) 2006 Master Plan on National Waste Minimization (MWM) National Solid Waste Management Policy 2007 Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act (SWPCM Act) 2007 2009 – Solid Waste Corporation Strategic Plan 2013 2011- Tenth Malaysian Plan (2011-2015)
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Overview of Environmental Issues and Environmental
    Chapter 1 Overview of Environmental Issues and Environmental Conservation Practices in Malaysia This chapter is divided into seven sections which encompass all the basic information required for Japanese companies to work out the most appropriate environmental measures for their particular operations in Malaysia. Section 1 gives an overview of Malaysia and its relationship with Japan and Japanese companies. Section 2 describes Malaysia's present environmental problems, while Section 3 outlines Malaysia's environmental legislation and administrative framework. Sections 4, 5, and 6 describe the regulatory regime and procedures for dealing with the three main environmental issues in Malaysia - water pollution, air pollution, and industrial waste. Section 7 concerns environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is required prior to plant construction and other projects, and explains the assessment process and the activities to which the EIA system applies. The complete text of the Environmental Quality Act (the most recent 1998 amended edition) is given in Appendix 1, and relevant portions of the regulations pertaining to the treatment of scheduled wastes, notified under the Environmental Quality Act 1974, are provided in Appendix 2. 1 Section 1 Malaysia and Japanese Companies 3 Chapter 1 – Section 1 1. Strong Bilateral Relations Based on Economic Interests Malaysia is made up of the eleven states in the Malay Peninsula (West Malaysia) and the two states of Sabah and Sarawak in northern Borneo (East Malaysia) across the South China Sea, together with two federal territories (the capital Kuala Lumpur and the island of Labuan in East Malaysia). The land area of 329,700 square kilometers, which is roughly 90 percent the size of Japan, is home to about 21 million people.
    [Show full text]